Students generally experience difficulties in learning human body anatomy due to constraints to visualize the body anatomy from 2D into 3D image. This research aims to develop a human anatomy ...learning system using augmented reality technology. By using this system, it is expected that students can easily understand the anatomy of the human body using a 3D image visualization. The method used in this system is augmented reality marker on mobile computing platform. The marker is captured by taking a picture. Then, the captured image is divided into pieces and the pattern is matched with images stored in the database. In this research, we use Floating Euphoria Framework and combine it with the SQLite database. Augmented reality anatomy system of the human body has features that can interactively display the whole body or parts of the human organs. To evaluate the usefulness of the application, we tested the augmented reality anatomy system with high school students and medical students for learning the anatomy of the human body. The results show that the human anatomy learning system with interactive augmented reality visualization helps students learn human anatomy more easily.
What is morality? Where does it come from? And why do most of us heed its call most of the time? In Braintrust, neurophilosophy pioneer Patricia Churchland argues that morality originates in the ...biology of the brain. She describes the "neurobiological platform of bonding" that, modified by evolutionary pressures and cultural values, has led to human styles of moral behavior. The result is a provocative genealogy of morals that asks us to reevaluate the priority given to religion, absolute rules, and pure reason in accounting for the basis of morality.
Introduction: The central core of the cerebral hemispheres is located on the medial side of the insular cortex. It is made up of basal ganglia and white matter tracts. The basal ganglia and their ...white matter connections serve important motor, sensorial, psychological, endocrinological and cognitive functions. Insular gliomas and other deeply located lesions can cause severe morbidity by affecting the basal ganglia and their connections. Hence, a thorough understanding of the anatomy of that area is needed for surgical planning on the insular area. Methods: We dissected and photographed the insular cortex and basal ganglia in five human cadavers via white matter dissection techniques from lateral to medial side. Results: The structures and connections of the insular cortex and basal ganglia are documented and presented with their functional correlations during the dissections. Conclusion: Our results will guide the strategy and planning of surgery for the insula and basal ganglia. Additionally, they will be helpful in the follow-up and prediction of morbidities of lesions located in that area. Keywords: Insula, basal ganglion, white matter, grey matter Amac: Serebral hemisferlerin derin santral bolgesi; bazal ganglionlar (subkortikal gri maddeler) ve kompleks ak madde liflerinden olusur ve insular korteksin hemen mediyalinde yer alir. Bazal ganglionlar sahip oldugu ak madde lif baglantilari sayesinde motor ve sensoriyal, duygu, endokrin duzenleme, kognisyon gibi fonksiyonlarda onemli rol oynar. Ozellikle insular gliomalar ve derin yerlesimli lezyonlara bagli, bazal ganglionlarin ve baglantilarinin zarar gormesi ciddi morbiditeye sebep olur. Bu nedenle bu bolgenin mikrocerrahi anatomisinin iyi bilinmesi, insuler bolgeye yapilacak cerrahinin planlanmasinda ve cerrahi stratejide cok buyuk oneme sahiptir. Yontemler: Bes adet insan kadavrasinda, lateralden mediyale dogru olacak sekilde, insular korteks ve tum bazal ganglion yapilari ak madde diseksiyon yontemleri kullanilarak baglantilariyla beraber ortaya kondu ve fotograflandi. Bulgular: Insular korteksin uzaklastirilmasi sonrasi, ak madde baglantilari, bazal ganglionlar ile baglantilari ve fonksiyonel korelasyonlari tarif edilip, gorsel olarak dokumante edildi. Sonuc: Arastirmamizin sonuclari, santral bolge ve bazal ganglion lezyonlarinin, gerek takibinde, gerek cerrahisinde ve morbidite ongorusunde yardimci olacaktir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Insula, bazal ganglion, ak madde, boz madde
Los propositos de esta revision literaria fueron, identificar estudios que explorarenlas tecnologias e-learning y TIC y su impacto en el aprendizaje a largo plazo, y evaluar la calidad de los ...estudios en esta aerea. Se realizaron busquedas en las bases de datos PubMed (Medline), Ovid (cochrane Central), Ovid (Medline), Ovid (Global Health), Scopus, Web of Science (clarivate) y Science Direct, incluyendo las palabras clave: Education Distance, eLearning, Learning, Learning Curve, Long Term Memory, active learning, Repetion Anatomy, Anatomy Cross-Sectional, Anatomy Regional, Students Health Occupations y Medical education. Tres evaluadores de forma independiente evaluaron la calidad de las investigaciones utilizando el instrumento de Calidad del Estudio de Investigacion de Educacion Medica (MERSQI). El total de resultados inicialmente fueron 557 articulos de investigacion, al aplicar los criterios de inclusion y exclusion por los evaluadores se identificaron un total de 25 articulos. Posterior a la revision de los articulos se incluyeron 2 investigaciones que cumplieron con los criterios de sintesis en esteestudio. En conclusion, la incorporacion de las tecnologias e - learning y TIC permitio evaluar el aprendizaje a largo plazo, aporto motivacion y aumento en las habilidades del conocimiento, ademas de ser una herramienta para el proceso de Ensenanza - aprendizaje -evaluacion, sin embargo, se necesitan investigaciones que evaluen cuidadosamente el impacto de los factores preponderantes del aprendizaje largo plazo, mientras se utilizan las tecnologias e-learning y TIC. PALABRAS CLAVE: Educacion a Distancia; Aprendizaje; Memoria a Largo Plazo; Anatomia; Estudiantes del Area de la Salud.
Like the 'Sobotta Atlas of Anatomy', this textbook guides students through the anatomy in a clear, structured manner that is easy to remember. Sobotta excels at comprehensibly explaining the ...fascinating world of anatomy and carries you safely through every test and your initial patient interactions.
The radial nerve is a terminal branch of the brachial plexus that innervates the entire posterior compartment of the upper limb. Researches have shown that the branches can contribute to innervation ...of the muscles from the anterior compartment of the arm. This study sought to identify branches of radial nerve for brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles and its clinical value during surgery. Dissection was performed in 60 arms, from 30 corpses selected from the Human Anatomy Laboratories of Universidade Estadual de Ciencias da Saude de Alagoas (UNCISAL). In each arm, three segments of the same proportion were considered (proximal, middle and distal) in order to observe the number of radial nerve branches to brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles. Branches were identified in 4 of the 60 upper limb (6.66%) with the following distribution: nerve with 1 branch to the brachialis muscle in the distal third (1.66%); with 1 branch to the middle third of the coracobrachialis (1.66%) and 5 branches to the coracobrachialis muscle in the proximal third; 1 branch being found in an upper limb (1.66%) and 4 branches in the other upper limb (1.66%). The event was not bilaterally in the same body, and in four cases there was no branching, but only communication with other terminal nerves of the brachial plexus. In conclusion, although most authors do not describe the possibility of the occurrence of radial nerve branches to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, this condition exists as an anatomical variation. KEY WORDS: Anatomy; Radial nerve; Brachialis muscle; Coracobrachialis muscle. El nervio radial es un ramo terminal del plexo braquial que inerva el compartimiento posterior del miembro superior. Diversos estudios han mostrado que sus ramos pueden contribuir a la inervacion de los musculos del compartimiento anterior del brazo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar ramos del nervio radial dirigidos a los musculos braquial y coracobraquial y su importancia clinica durante las cirugias. Para ello, se disecaron 60 brazos de 30 cuerpos formolizados en los Laboratorios de Anatomia Humana de la Universidad Estadual de Ciencias de la Salud de Alagoas, Brasil (UNCISAL). En cada brazo, se consideraron tres partes de similares proporciones (proximal, medio y distal) para localizar los ramos dirigidos a los musculos mencionados. En 4 de los 60 brazos (6,66%) se identificaron ramos con la siguiente distribucion: un ramo para el musculo braquial en el tercio distal (1,66%); un ramo para el tercio medio del musculo coracobraquial (1,66%) y cinco ramos para este mismo musculo en su tercio proximal; en otro miembro (1,66%)se encontro solo un ramo y en la otra muestra (1,66%) se encontraron cuatro ramos. Ninguno de los casos fue bilateral y en los cuatro casos no habia ninguna ramificacion. No hubo comunicacion con el nervio musculocutaneo pero si con otros ramos del plexo braquial. Aunque la mayoria de los autores no describe la posibilidad de que el nervio radial inerve a los musculos anteriores del brazo, esta disposicion existe como una variacion anatomica. PALABRAS CLAVE: Anatomia; Nervio radial; Musculo braquial; Musculo coracobraquial.
The radial nerve is a terminal branch of the brachial plexus that innervates the entire posterior compartment of the upper limb. Researches have shown that the branches can contribute to innervation ...of the muscles from the anterior compartment of the arm. This study sought to identify branches of radial nerve for brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles and its clinical value during surgery. Dissection was performed in 60 arms, from 30 corpses selected from the Human Anatomy Laboratories of Universidade Estadual de Ciencias da Saude de Alagoas (UNCISAL). In each arm, three segments of the same proportion were considered (proximal, middle and distal) in order to observe the number of radial nerve branches to brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles. Branches were identified in 4 of the 60 upper limb (6.66%) with the following distribution: nerve with 1 branch to the brachialis muscle in the distal third (1.66%); with 1 branch to the middle third of the coracobrachialis (1.66%) and 5 branches to the coracobrachialis muscle in the proximal third; 1 branch being found in an upper limb (1.66%) and 4 branches in the other upper limb (1.66%). The event was not bilaterally in the same body, and in four cases there was no branching, but only communication with other terminal nerves of the brachial plexus. In conclusion, although most authors do not describe the possibility of the occurrence of radial nerve branches to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, this condition exists as an anatomical variation.
This paper presents a novel approach for Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML). This approach automatically detects the geometric partitions in 3D anatomy that in turn speeds up integrated ...non-linear optimization model in GAML for 3D anatomy modeling with constraints (e.g. joints). This integrated non-linear optimization model requires the exponential execution time. However, our approach effectively computes the solution for non-linear optimization model and reduces computation time from exponential to linear time. This is achieved by grouping the 3D geometric constraints into communities.
Various community detection algorithms (k-means clustering, Clauset Newman Moore, and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) were used to find communities and partition the non-linear optimization problem into sub-problems. GAML was used to create a case study for 3D shoulder model to benchmark our approach with up to 5000 constraints.
Our results show that the computation time was reduced from exponential time to linear time and the error rate between the partitioned and non-partitioned approach decreases with the increasing number of constraints. For the largest constraint set (5000 constraints), speed up was over 2689-fold whereas error was computed as low as 2.2%.
This study presents a novel approach to group anatomical constraints in 3D human shoulder model using community detection algorithms. A case study for 3D modeling for shoulder models developed for arthroscopic rotator cuff simulation was presented. Our results significantly reduced the computation time in conjunction with a decrease in error using constrained optimization by linear approximation, non-linear optimization solver.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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