Ethical Issues of Human Cloning Nasrullah; Iqbal, RanaKhalid; BiBi, Shahzadi ...
Journal of Medical Sciences,
05/2020, Letnik:
40, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cloning can help us in the research field and medical sciences. But due to ethical and moral values, this idea is not supported. Moreover, it is against ethical values as well. According to modern ...studies, Human moral values are preferred rather than emotions, but they cannot be ignored. Despite the progress in the stem cell culture, it is still unable to avail the therapeutic benefits. It is said that cloning could be done in the near future, and it is closer to the reality and away from science fiction. Cloning can be carried out by two techniques termed as the somatic cell nuclear transfer and cell mass division. The cloned animal products obtained by the somatic cell nuclear transfer can be used, as they cause no harm and are safe as the noncloned animal products are. Certain harms are related to the twin's growth produced by the cloning procedure that also reinforces on the inhibition of human cloning, as it causes the psychological distress and destroys the universality of an individual, as well as certain ethical and moral values despite which human clones cannot be made. In somatic cell cloning the nucleus (nuclear mass/DNA) can solve many health problems for example organ transplantation, or organ rejection issues. Resulting of all these give rise to a great controversy that either clone of human beings should be produced or not. Although in the near future, the possibility of human clones and their use for different purposes cannot be ignored.
In this manuscript, we describe the generation of a gene library for the expression of HSP110/HSPH, HSP70/HSPA and HSP40/DNAJ members. First, the heat shock protein (HSP) genes were collected from ...the gene databases and the gene families were analyzed for expression patterns, heat inducibility, subcellular localization, and protein homology using several bioinformatics approaches. These results can be used as a working draft model until data are confirmed by experimental approaches. In addition, we describe the generation of a HSPA/DNAJ overexpression library and tested the effect of different fusion tags on HSPA and DNAJ members using different techniques for measuring chaperone activity. These results show that we have cloned a high-quality heat shock protein expression library containing most members from the HSPH, HSPA, DNAJA and DNAJB families which will be useful for the chaperone community to unravel the function of the highly diverse family of human molecular chaperones.
Whose view of life? Maienschein, Jane
2003, 2009-07-31, 20050101
eBook, Book
Saving lives versus taking lives: These are the stark terms in which the public regards human embryo research--a battleground of extremes, a war between science and ethics. Such a simplistic ...dichotomy, encouraged by vociferous opponents of abortion and proponents of medical research, is precisely what Maienschein seeks to counter with this book.
During mouse ontogeny, hematopoietic cells arise from specialized endothelial cells, i.e., the hemogenic endothelium, and form clusters in the lumen of arterial vessels. Hemogenic endothelial cells ...have been observed in several embryonic tissues, such as the dorsal aorta, the placenta and the yolk sac. Recent work suggests that the mouse embryonic head also produces hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/progenitors. However, a histological basis for HSC generation in the head has not yet been determined because the hematopoietic clusters and hemogenic endothelium in the head region have not been well characterized. In this study, we used whole-mount immunostaining and 3D confocal reconstruction techniques to analyze both c-Kit+ hematopoietic clusters and Runx1+ hemogenic endothelium in the whole-head vasculature. The number of c-Kit+ hematopoietic cells was 20-fold less in the head arteries than in the dorsal aorta. In addition, apparent nascent hematopoietic cells, which are characterized by a "budding" structure and a Runx1+ hemogenic endothelium, were not observed in the head. These results suggest that head HSCs may not be or are rarely generated from the endothelium in the same manner as aortic HSCs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background:
While modern humans seek ways to extend life expectancy, the necessity of advanced bioengineering tools for the production of effective human enhancement applications appears as ...compelling as ever.
Objective:
The technological future of Homo sapiens has been scheduled within a quantum environment and advanced physical interventions are imperative to occur in the anatomy of modern humans, including genetic improvement and human cloning. New terminologies and latest projects such as genome editing, mind uploading and tissue engineering applications for the growth of new organs are issues of discussion in this paper.
Methods:
Several advanced biotechnological methods are presented in this paper, including the 14-days rule, the 2045 Initiative project and the CRISPR technique and their social and ethical implications are discussed.
Results:
The exponential aging of the population results in rapidly increasing demands for next-generation drugs and innovative pharmaceutical products that target individualized genetic treatment, resulting in the emergence of controversial ethical and social implications in the forthcoming post-Homo sapiens Era.
Conclusion:
The next-generation ethics must be clarified, an interdisciplinary debate should be initiated, and all the different perspectives must be recorded and evaluated to adopt the most efficient practices for controversial topics like the potential digital immortality.
A branching narrative Kane Simpson
Colloquy: Text, Theory, Critique,
12/2018
35/36
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Oliver rushed to the teleporter and mashed the keypad with such haste that, unbeknown to him, he broke the machine in just the right way, such that he was about to accidentally clone himself. It was ...something straight out of a philosophy textbook, but rather than ending in an apparent paradox that invites copious speculation, Oliver and his clone both had a lot more living to do.
The mixing of human and animal cellular and genetic material is a promising area of science, but inherent societal and safety concerns make such mixing in embryos particularly controversial. The ...sensitive nature of this research, coupled with science's rapid development, creates problems for policymakers responsible for deciding what practices are and are not permitted in Australia. Australia's regulation in this area, last significantly amended in 2006, is in urgent need of reform. This article investigates what is happening in this fast moving area and the regulatory reforms necessary for Australian scientists to participate.
Human induced pluripotent stem cells can be obtained from somatic cells, and their derivation does not require destruction of embryos, thus avoiding ethical problems arising from the destruction of ...human embryos. This type of stem cell may provide an important tool for stem cell therapy, but it also results in some ethical concerns. It is likely that abnormal reprogramming occurs in the induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells, and that the stem cells generate tumors in the process of stem cell therapy. Human induced pluripotent stem cells should not be used to clone human beings, to produce human germ cells, nor to make human embryos. Informed consent should be obtained from patients in stem cell therapy.
Clonal composition of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) labeled with lentiviral vectors carrying genetic barcodes was studied. MMSCs were transduced with a cloned library of ...self-inactivating lentiviral vectors carrying 667 unique barcodes. At each cell culture passage, 120 cells were plated one cell per well in 96-well plates. The efficiency of cloning and labeling of the clonogenic cells was determined. DNA was extracted from the cell-derived colonies, and the barcodes were identified by Sanger sequencing. Also, DNA was extracted from the total MMSC population at each passage to analyze the diversity and representation of barcodes by deep sequencing using the Illumina platform. It was shown that the portion of MMSCs labeled with the lentiviral vectors remained stable in the passaged cells. Because of the high multiplicity of infection, the labeling procedure could decrease the proliferative potential of MMSCs. Identification of barcodes in individual cell clones confirmed the polyclonal character of the MMSC population. Clonal composition of MMSCs changed significantly with the passages due to the depletion of proliferative potential of most cells. Large clones were found at the first passage; at later passages, many small clones with a limited proliferative potential were detected in the population. The results of deep sequencing confirmed changes in the clonal composition of MMSCs. The polyclonal MMSC population contained only a small number of cells with a high proliferative potential, some of which could be stem cells. MMSCs with a high proliferative potential were detected more often in the earliest passages. In this regard, we would rec-ommend to use MMSCs of early passages for regenerative medicine applications based on cell proliferation.
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