Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the overall contribution made by the papers presented in this special edition of the Journal of Intellectual Capital.Design methodology approach - ...This article is an editorial based on the author's reflections of the papers presented in this special edition.Findings - Intellectual capital (IC) has a future, based not only on the third stage of IC research, which strengthens IC practices inside organisations, but also on a complementary fourth stage which develops IC eco-systems.Originality value - the papers presented ground the third stage of IC research as a legitimate research undertaking, while at the same time recognising that we need to extend our IC missionary work beyond the boundaries of the organisation, and into the environment where organisations exist.
In comparison to pn junction isolation ICs, dielectric isolation ICs have several advantages such as high blocking voltage, small isolation area, high thermal resistance and small interferences among ...integrated devices, which result in small chip area, multi high output power and floating electric source operation in Dielectrically Isolated High Voltage large electric capacity Power ICs (DI-HVPICs). In this paper, our series of R&Ds for Si DI-HVPICs with the above advantages are introduced in almost time series. On the other hand, SiC semiconductor gets along with the DI-HVPICs in its physical properties and is expected synergistic effects in SiC DI-HVPICs. However, since physical and electrical deference between SiC and Si result in several difficulties in the design of device structure and production process. SiC DI-HVPIC has been investigated in detail and a few solutions have been found, thus conceptual design of 1200V·65A output devices and one chip inverter SiC DI-HVPIC of 600V·25kW class for brushless motors have been attempted, and its rough chip size has been estimated.
This paper presents an active EMI filter (AEF) implemented by one chip, including an EMI management-integrated circuit (EMIC) and power-management-integrated circuit (PMIC). The designed IC was ...fabricated by a 0.18 μm BCD process. By virtue of a designed buck converter implemented PMIC within the IC area, the integrated EMIC with PMIC can operate with a 15 to 45 V DC supply as well as a 12 V DC supply to operate EMI noise compensation. Through experimental validation using a real three-phase inverter motor system, the noise attenuation performance of the AEF was found to excel beyond that of a two-stage L-C passive EMI filter, achieving approximately 6 dB improvement at 150 kHz, while exhibiting no resonance peaks above 1 MHz. Further, the AEF effectively maintains the conducted emissions (CE) noise levels below the established CE regulations throughout the entire frequency range. The single-chip design integrates a malfunction detection mechanism that automatically shuts down the DC power supply in the event of an EMIC failure, thus ensuring enhanced safety and practicality.
•Oligomeric separation of commercial poloxamers.•Gradient elution under critical conditions.•Comprehensive NP-RP 2D-LC of poloxamers.•Combined chemical composition and molar mass mapping.
Poloxamers ...are low molar mass triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), having number of applications as non-ionic surfactants. Comprehensive one and two-dimensional liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis of these materials is proposed in this study. The separation of oligomers of both types (PEO and PPO) is demonstrated for several commercial poloxamers. This is accomplished at the critical conditions for one of the block while interaction for the other block. Reversed phase LC at CAP of PEO allowed for oligomeric separation of triblock copolymers with regard to PPO block whereas normal phase LC at CAP of PPO renders oligomeric separation with respect to PEO block. The oligomeric separation with regard to PEO and PPO are coupled online (comprehensive 2D-LC) to reveal two-dimensional contour plots by unconventional 2D IC×IC (interaction chromatography) coupling. The study provides chemical composition mapping of both PEO and PPO, equivalent to combined molar mass and chemical composition mapping for several commercial poloxamers.
Purpose
In 2001, the
Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal
(
AAAJ
) published a special issue entitled “Managing, measuring and reporting intellectual capital for the new millennium”. After ...20 years, we revisit the eight articles in this special issue to trace early developments in interdisciplinary intellectual capital (IC) accounting research, link these developments to the current state of play, and set out an agenda for future research. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper, written reflectively, includes an impact assessment of the articles using citation analysis and a thematic framing of the prominent issues they discussed. We critically reflect on the status of these eight foundational papers after 20 years, before presenting propositions for a multidisciplinary IC research future.
Findings
We find that IC research needs to extend beyond organisational boundaries to help improve human rights, human dignity and the human condition as part of the wider interdisciplinary accounting project. We argue that fifth stage IC research can assist because it explores beyond organisational boundaries and helps address the wicked problems of the world.
Research limitations/implications
This paper only investigates the themes found in the
AAAJ
special issue. However, the implications for researchers are intended to be transformational because, to go forward and help resolve the material issues facing society and the planet, researchers need to move from being observers to participants.
Originality/value
We argue that IC researchers must embrace both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary IC research. This requires IC researchers to reflect on what they are trying to achieve and which issues facing the planet are material.
To unlock the full potential of monolithic gallium nitride (GaN) power integrated circuits, this article explores the feasibility of developing efficient and reliable on-chip gate driving and level ...shifting solutions, which fundamentally facilitate the on-chip implementation of GaN power circuits. As results, a self-bootstrapped hybrid (SBH) gate driving scheme and its circuitry are developed, which achieve rail-to-rail dynamic gate driving in normal operation and robust static gate driving in large transient moments. Meanwhile, an auto-lock auto-break (A2) level shifting technique is proposed to convert the gate driving control signals from low-voltage (LV) to high-voltage (HV) domains, without requiring any p-type devices. This enables the on-chip operation of high-side power switches and makes synchronous rectification possible. On-chip temperature sensing is implemented to monitor junction temperature directly at low circuit complexity and power and cost overheads, facilitating thermal protection at high power density. Furthermore, on-die dead-time control is presented to optimize zero voltage switching (ZVS) for high efficiency. All the techniques and circuits are demonstrated in a monolithic asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) power converter on a GaN-on-SOI process. It achieves direct 48V/1V dc-dc conversion with a maximum load current of 5 A and a current density of 1.1 A/mm2. Among the existing monolithic GaN power ICs capable of on-chip synchronous rectification, it achieves the shortest rising- and falling-edge gate driving delays of 11.6 and 14.0 ns. Despite running doubled numbers of on-chip power transistors and gate drivers, it only consumes 70-mW static power.
Bypass surgery has evolved into a complex surgical art with a variety of donor arteries, recipient arteries, interpositional grafts, anastomoses, and suturing techniques. Although innovation in ...contemporary bypasses has increased, the literal descriptions of these new bypasses have not kept pace. The existing nomenclature that joins donor and recipient arteries with a hyphen is simplistic, underinformative, and in need of improvement. This article proposes a nomenclature that systematically incorporates anatomical and technical details with alphanumeric abbreviations and is a clear, concise, and practical "code" for bypass surgery.
Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the proposed nomenclature, which consists of abbreviations for donor and recipient arteries, arterial segments, arteriotomies, and sides (left or right), with hyphens and parentheses to denote the arteriotomies joined in the anastomosis and brackets and other symbols for combination bypasses, are presented. The literature was searched for articles describing bypasses, and descriptive nomenclature was categorized as donor and recipient arteries (donor-recipient), donor-recipient with additional details, less detail than donor-recipient, and complete, ambiguous, or descriptive text.
In 483 publications, most bypass descriptions were categorized as donor-recipient (335, 69%), with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass described most frequently (299, 62%). Ninety-seven articles (20%) used donor-recipient descriptions with additional details, 45 (9%) were categorized as ambiguous, and none contained a complete bypass description. The authors found the proposed nomenclature to be easily applicable to the more complex bypasses reported in the literature.
The authors propose a comprehensive nomenclature based on segmental anatomy and additional anastomotic details that allows bypasses to be coded simply, succinctly, and accurately. This alphanumeric shorthand allows greater precision in describing bypasses and clarifying technical details, which may improve reporting in the literature and thus help to advance the field of bypass surgery.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reflect on 21 years of IC theory and practice as input into discussing the origins of IC, its multiple perspectives and where it is heading.Design ...methodology approach - This article is based on the author's reflections of the past and vision for the future.Findings - IC is still for many an invisible fuzzy dimension, or mainly a measuring and accounting issue. For others, it is thought of as a more and more strategic ecosystem for sustainable value creation. Is there a kind of learned blindness in financial capital accounting or ignorance of new value opportunity spaces? We need to go beyond IC reporting. We are on the edge of something, but what?Originality value - The paper presents the personal views of an internationally renowned IC academic and practitioner about what the future may hold for IC.
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