World Development Report 2016 Staff, World Bank Group
2016., 2016, 2015, 1-14-2016, 2016-01-13, 2016-01-14
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More than 40 percent of the world’s population has access to the internet, with new users coming online every day. Among the poorest 20 percent of households, nearly 7 out of 10 have a mobile phone. ...This report finds that traditional development challenges are preventing the digital revolution from fulfilling its transformative potential. For many people, today’s increase in access to digital technologies brings more choice and greater convenience. While this is great progress, many are still left out because they do not have access to digital technologies. To deliver universal digital access, one must invest in infrastructure and pursue reforms that bring greater competition to telecommunications markets, promote public-private partnerships, and yield effective regulation. The report concludes that the full benefits of the information and communications transformation will not be realized unless countries continue to improve their business climate, invest in people’s education and health, and promote good governance. The World Bank Group are already working with clients to promote competitive business environments, increase accountability, and upgrade education and skills-development systems to prepare people for the jobs of the future.
Historiefaget har vanligvis ikke hatt noen særlig betydning i barnehagen. Dette essayet vurderer hvordan fortiden kan komme til syne og hvilke muligheter som finnes for å øke det historiske ...innholdet. Jubileer, lokale minnesmerker, samisk kultur, tradisjonelle leker og litteratur er alle relevante for å lære om tidligere tider. Vanskene med å formidle historie blir deretter tatt opp. Disse er hovedsakelig at innholdet er for avansert i småbarnsavdelingene og at læremidlene er beregnet for skolen. Tim Ingolds begrep «vegfaring», tverrfagligheten som faller naturlig i barnehagen og Jerome Bruners spiralprinsipp er mulige løsninger. Lokalhistorie krever ikke utstrakte historiekunnskaper av barnehagelærerne. I utkantstrøk der det er langt mellom bosetningene og få kulturelle tilbud, må IKT komme til unnsetning. Selv om rammeplanen for barnehagen vektlegger lokalhistorie, er andre prosjekter basert på digitale læringsressurser egnet til å vekke interesse hos barna. Forskningen viser at småbarn har utbytte av å lære historie. English abstract History in the Kindergarten This essay discusses what can be done to increase consciousness of history in Norwegian kindergartens. Commemoration of important events, local heritage, the culture of the Sami people, traditional play activities, and literature all provide opportunities to learn about the past. Impediments to history education are considered in the following section. These include the young age of the children and the fact that most educational materials are designed for schools. Tim Ingold’s concept “wayfaring”, the interdisciplinarity inherent in the kindergartens, and Jerome Bruner’s “spiral curriculum” are proposed as possible solutions. Local heritage does not require extensive historical knowledge on the part of the teachers. In remote areas, characterized by long distances between settlements and few cultural attractions, Information Technology is key. Although the national curriculum for kindergartens emphasizes local history, projects deriving from digital learning resources can help awaken the children’s interest. Research shows that young children benefit from learning history.
Through an analysis of relevant literature and open-ended survey responses from 2501 Singaporeans, this article proposes a conceptual framework to understand how individuals authenticate the ...information they encounter on social media. In broad strokes, we find that individuals rely on both their own judgment of the source and the message, and when this does not adequately provide a definitive answer, they turn to external resources to authenticate news items.
Both internal knowledge – investment in internal R&D and information and communication technologies (ICT) as well as external knowledge – knowledge spillovers and active collaboration with partners ...are rapidly fostering firm productivity and innovation. In this study, we investigate the role of internal and external knowledge in firm productivity and innovation. In addition, we test interactions between investment in R&D and ICT as well as between knowledge spillovers and knowledge collaboration in their association to firm innovation and productivity. We use a recombinant innovation approach and four samples for firms in manufacturing, creative, ICT and science, and professional services industries during 2002–2014 and for pre‐and post‐crisis periods to perform our analysis. In addition to innovation and productivity, we also examine the role of internal and external knowledge as a conduit to the development of innovation internally and the co‐creation of innovation with external partners. Our results lead to managerial and policy implications.
A szerző célja a telemedicina egyik legdinamikusabban fejlődő ágának, a telementálhigiénének a bemutatása, a főbb területeinek, a biztosított szolgáltatások körének, a használt technológiák ...típusainak meghatározása, a szakirodalom áttekintése alapján. A tanulmányból képet kapunk a telementálhigiéné közel hat évtizedes múltjáról, jelenéről, beleértve az online segítő beszélgetés sajátosságainak bemutatását, a területre vonatkozó szakmai ajánlásokat, megismerjük a telementálhigiéné elterjedtségének és hatékonyságának mérésével kapcsolatos szempontokat. A jó gyakorlatok, a bizonyítottan hatékony ellátások, működő programok tapasztalatainak összegyűjtése és elemzése hozzájárulhat a terület jövőbeli fejlesztéséhez.
The New Era of Global Servicesis the result of interviews with more than seventy international leaders. The results show that in the coming years, Global Services will tend to grow in ...business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), peer-to-peer (P2P), an in particular peer-to-business (P2B) relationships.
Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie teorii walki klas Karola Marksa z nawiązującą do niej neomarksistowską koncepcją Ralfa Dahrendorfa dotyczącą konfliktu i będącą jednocześnie polemiką z ...teorią systemu społecznego Talcotta Parsonsa. Zestawienie takie pozwala przede wszystkim odpowiedzieć na pytanie, na ile koncepcje XIX-wiecznego filozofa i ekonomisty pozostały aktualne w kolejnym stuleciu. Druga część wywodu przedstawia natomiast ewolucję tego pojęcia na przykładzie kontynuatorów wymienionych myślicieli, ponieważ współcześnie termin walka klas używany jest nie tylko przez marksistów, ale również m.in. przez członków ruchów feministycznych, takich jak Pierre Bourdieu, oraz przez przedstawicieli organizacji walczących o ochronę środowiska, m.in. Murraya Bookchina. Celem takiego zestawienia jest wykazanie rozbieżności oraz punktów stycznych w założeniach wyżej wymienionych myślicieli i rozwoju teorii walki klas aż po czasy współczesne.
This study offers an examination of the relationships between chief executive officer (CEO) servant leadership, the executive characteristics of narcissism, founder status, and organizational ...identification, and firm performance in a sample of 126 CEOs in technology organizations. Analysis of data gathered over multiple periods revealed a negative relationship between CEO narcissism and servant leadership, and a positive relationship between founder status (i.e., founder or nonfounder) and servant leadership. Furthermore, CEO organizational identification served as a partial mediating mechanism linking narcissism and founder status to servant leadership. In turn, CEO servant leadership predicted subsequent firm performance (measured as return on assets). The results of this study have implications for researchers interested in better understanding the predictors and consequences of servant leadership and for practitioners concerned with combating negative or selfish executive leadership behaviors and employing servant leadership for the organization's benefit.
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