We live in a world in which Google's search algorithms determine how we access information, Facebook's News Feed algorithms shape how we socialize, and Netflix collaborative filtering algorithms ...choose the media products we consume. As such, we live algorithmic lives. Life, however, is not blindly controlled or determined by algorithms. Nor are we simply victims of an ever-expanding artificial intelligence. Rather than looking at how technologies shape or are shaped by political institutions, this book is concerned with the ways in which informational infrastructure may be considered political in its capacity to shape social and cultural life. It looks specifically at the conditions of algorithmic life - how algorithms work, both materially and discursively, to create the conditions for sociality and connectivity. The book argues that the most important aspect of algorithms is not what they are in terms of their specific technical details but rather how they become part of social practices and how different people enlist them as powerful brokers of information, communication and society. If we truly want to engage with the promises of automation and predictive analytics entailed by the promises of "big data", we also need to understand the contours of algorithmic life that condition such practices. Setting out to explore both the specific uses of algorithms and the cultural forms they generate, this book offers a novel understanding of the power and politics of algorithmic life as grounded in case studies that explore the material-discursive dimensions of software.
Over the last five years, widespread concern about the effects of social media on democracy has led to an explosion in research from different disciplines and corners of academia. This book is the ...first of its kind to take stock of this emerging multi-disciplinary field by synthesizing what we know, identifying what we do not know and obstacles to future research, and charting a course for the future inquiry. Chapters by leading scholars cover major topics – from disinformation to hate speech to political advertising – and situate recent developments in the context of key policy questions. In addition, the book canvasses existing reform proposals in order to address widely perceived threats that social media poses to democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This book explores the challenges that disinformation, fake news, and post-truth politics pose to democracy from a multidisciplinary perspective. The authors analyse and interpret how the use of ...technology and social media as well as the emergence of new political narratives has been progressively changing the information landscape, undermining some of the pillars of democracy.The volume sheds light on some topical questions connected to fake news, thereby contributing to a fuller understanding of its impact on democracy. In the Introduction, the editors offer some orientating definitions of post-truth politics, building a theoretical framework where various different aspects of fake news can be understood. The book is then divided into three parts: Part I helps to contextualise the phenomena investigated, offering definitions and discussing key concepts as well as aspects linked to the manipulation of information systems, especially considering its reverberation on democracy. Part II considers the phenomena of disinformation, fake news, and post-truth politics in the context of Russia, which emerges as a laboratory where the phases of creation and diffusion of fake news can be broken down and analysed; consequently, Part II also reflects on the ways to counteract disinformation and fake news. Part III moves from case studies in Western and Central Europe to reflect on the methodological difficulty of investigating disinformation, as well as tackling the very delicate question of detection, combat, and prevention of fake news.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, law, political philosophy, journalism, media studies, and computer science, since it provides a multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of post-truth politics.
The Internet has fundamentally influenced all aspects of life – including culture, increasing access to such goods. This access has become faster, simpler and cost-free, including access from illegal ...sources, thus potentially violating the rights of creators. For years, public debate has raised the problem of the “copyright crisis”, which has been unable to meet the challenges of our information society. The EU’s response to increasing protection for creators is Directive 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. Article 17 of this directive imposes an obligation on providers of online content sharing services to preventively control content posted by users – the so-called liability mechanism. This preventive control raises concerns about the potential violation of users’ right to freedom of expression. The article analyzes the mechanisms of the liability system, including the identification of subjective and objective aspects of the imposed obligations. This analysis was compiled with the standards of protection and restriction of freedom of expression in the conditions of the information society. The aim of the work is to assess whether the mechanism of the accountability system violates the essence of freedom of expression.
İçinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda, "bilgi", "bilgi toplumu", "bilgi çağı", "sayısal uçurum" ve "bilgi yoksulluğu" gibi kavramları sıklıkla duymaktayız. Öte yandan, hızla gelişen ve çeşitlenen teknolojiler ...ile gittikçe küreselleşen, küçülen dünya, beraberinde pek çok kolaylığı getirdiği gibi, çok çeşitli sorunları da açığa çıkarmıştır. Sayısal uçurum, bilgi yoksulluğu ve özellikle bilgi yoksulluğunun kronik biçimi, bunlar arasında en fazla öne çıkan sorunlardır. Dolayısıyla, Türk Kütüphaneciliği'nin bu sayısına ilişkin editoryal yazıda, ana hatları ile de olsa anılan konulara kısaca değinmenin yararlı olacağı düşünülmüştür.
Republic.com 2.0 Sunstein, Cass R; Sunstein, Cass R. R
08/2009
eBook
What happens to democracy and free speech if people use the Internet to listen and speak only to the like-minded? What is the benefit of the Internet's unlimited choices if citizens narrowly filter ...the information they receive? Cass Sunstein first asked these questions in 2001'sRepublic.com. Now, inRepublic.com 2.0, Sunstein thoroughly rethinks the critical relationship between democracy and the Internet in a world where partisan Weblogs have emerged as a significant political force.
Republic.com 2.0highlights new research on how people are using the Internet, especially the blogosphere. Sunstein warns against "information cocoons" and "echo chambers," wherein people avoid the news and opinions that they don't want to hear. He also demonstrates the need to regulate the innumerable choices made possible by technology. His proposed remedies and reforms emphasize what consumers and producers can do to help avoid the perils, and realize the promise, of the Internet.
That scientific research highlights specific items of modernization in the field of public society information security. Taking into account professional and public orientation, government support is ...aimed at promotion of human recourse, provision of information support. Currently human mind is one the most valuable item. In this regard, jurists are responsible for explanation of political, economic and legal points. Moreover, it is rather important to reveal an experienced specialist in it. Among the new challenges and threats, the problem of information security is the main one. Information technologies cause considerable impact on management of humans being. Scientific analysis of problems in the field of information security has shown that there is an insufficient level of public awareness. More precisely the problem is in ability to use password with high degree of protection, spread of unnecessary information in social networks. In that research are touched upon various concepts of information society. Also, main theories and elements are analyzed, which are included into meaning of information society. The difference between main information and other types of social values are covered. Specifics of the above problem, its reasons and impact on development of society are outlined. The conclusion encompasses problems of legal regulation of information security (fragmentation, absence of system). In cognitive activity, scientific complex, including legal, economic, scientific and practical approaches was used.
Advanced information technologies in education Idrisova, Jaradat; Alikhadzhiev, Saydmagomed; Moiseenko, Natalia
SHS Web of Conferences,
2021, Letnik:
106
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Modern mankind has joined the general historical process called computerization. In contrast to the industrial society, in which the main thing was the production of material goods, in today’s ...post-industrial society the production of information becomes the main activity (by information we mean knowledge as information about people, objects, facts, events), phenomena and processes, regardless of their form representation that can be recorded on a tangible medium), and this process is called computerization (hence the term - information society). Such a shift in emphasis is caused, on the one hand, by the fact that humanity is aware of the limited natural (natural) resources of its habitat, and on the other hand, by the emergence of global problems (for example, energy, the environment), a solution that is impossible with previous methods. Information is becoming the main resource for the development of the world community and significantly affects the development of other industries and spheres of life: science, technology, social spheres (cultural communication between people, education). The core values of the information society are:- knowledge; -qualification; - independent thinking; -the ability to work with information and make informed decisions based on it; - awareness not only in a narrow professional field, but also in related fields.
PDF
