The paper seeks to construct analytical categories based on the study of innovation and production systems to systematize the analysis of the dynamics and processes of technological change in South ...America. To this end, based on the survey and analysis of a set of input and output indicators, together with the categorization and study of the structure of foreign trade, the article proposes a typology ordered according to the innovation capabilities of each economy, the type of product that guides its international insertion, and the degree of concentration and complexity in technological terms of the export basket.
The study focuses on the issue of neo-colonization of Africa, identifying the main actors and beneficiaries, as well as their impact on the African region. Two approaches used by foreign states in ...the process of influencing the African region are singled out: security-military and economic-investment. It was determined that there is a certain correlation between the use of military force and investment activity in the region. The influence of Russian, British, German, French and American private military companies on the countries of the African region is considered. Countries such as the USA and China have advantages in terms of investments and ensuring the security of the governments of African states have several military bases in the region. This is justified by two aspects: the weakness of the governments of African states and the wealth of the region in natural resources. On the other hand, France, due to its inability to pursue an aggressive policy in the African region, actively loses to the propaganda and activities of Russian mercenaries. Lobbying the interests of countries at the UN platform, as shown by the example of voting by countries friendly to Russia, is a rather valuable resource. Therefore, in general, the continent is turning into a battle ground between the West and the East, and it is proven that the West is gradually losing this battle for a new African colonization. Europe and the USA are weak in the struggle for Africa, hoping to win their support with democratic values and investments in the self-sufficiency of African countries. The security-military aspect of the development of Ukrainian-African relations is promising and can solve such issues as providing employment for ex-military personnel and ensuring the national interests of the state.
The study aims to investigate the relationships between the volume of net migration and the economic development of individual European countries, which will make it possible to forecast the level of ...GDP and strengthen their migration policy. Correlation-regression analysis was used based on statistical data from Eurostat and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for the period 2014−2021 for selected European countries (the EU-27 member states, Switzerland, and Ukraine). The correlation-regression analysis showed a relationship between the volume of net migration and the level of GDP. The linear correlation equations forecasted the value of the GDP level depending on the influence of a single factor – the volume of net migration. The attention is focused on the importance of migration, which ensures economic growth for Poland. It is attractive due to a simpler mechanism for moving immigrants than in other EU-27 countries, ease of language learning and easier adaptation, territorial proximity, and a higher standard of living compared to neighboring countries that were part of the Soviet Union. Thus, an increase in net migration to Poland by 1% will lead to an increase in gross domestic product by 1.43 million euros. Due to Russia’s war against Ukraine, net migration from Ukraine to Poland has increased significantly, potentially increasing Poland’s GDP in 2023 by 0.08% or 529.54 million euros.
This note provides an update to the index of patent protection published in this journal in 1997. The original paper presented the index for 1960–1990 for 110 countries. The index has now been ...updated to 2005 and extended to 122 countries. The adoption of stronger patent laws and the composition of patent rights vary across countries by level of economic development.
Abstract
At present, the teaching of international economy and trade specialty in some domestic universities is still faced with some practical difficulties, such as unclear subject system ...orientation and difficulty in cultivating applied practical talents. Based on this, this paper first analyses the current situation and problems of the teaching of international economy and trade, then studies the relationship between computer education tech and the teaching reform of international economy and trade, and finally gives the strategies and paths of the teaching reform of international economy and trade under computer education.
The priorities for Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction in preparation for its membership in the European Union are to ensure integration, efficient use of resources, socio-economic growth, and ...sustainable development. Finding ways to effectively develop the economic and other sectors, adapt to European norms and create a sustainable framework for integration into the European space was the purpose of this study. The methodology is based on the empirical research method. The reform priority coefficient was calculated using a formula for determining the priority areas for improving the economic, demographic, and political sectors of Ukraine. The study identified priority areas for Ukraine’s post-war development, including mechanisms such as ensuring sustainable economic growth, modernising infrastructure, developing trade relations with EU countries, supporting innovation and entrepreneurship, improving the quality of education and healthcare, which can be used by scientists and the state to ensure the country’s effective development and obtaining the status of a full EU member. The importance of ensuring social protection of the population, including raising living standards and ensuring access to basic social services, was identified. The study found that effective economic diplomacy and the expansion of international relations with EU member states are crucial factors for Ukraine’s successful preparation for EU membership. The focus is on ensuring strategic orientation, efficient use of resources and achieving the country’s socio-economic development in line with European standards and values. In practice, these results can become the basis for developing strategic decisions and programmes in line with EU criteria
One of the most important concepts and indicators in the Islamic Economic System is fairness. The present study intends to examine this important rule in the economics literature and Islamic texts in ...order to analyze its various dimensions and aspects. In the present study, the functions of fairness are described in four field in the legal system of economy, international trade, transactions and banking. The added value of the present research is that fairness is one of the policy instruments for evaluating and monitoring the Economic System performance. Finally, some teachings of this important rule are presented to improve domestic and international Economic Systems. Institutionalizing and realizing fairness in the Economic System leads to the justice of the information system, reduce the control cost, realize the fair system of information flow in order to secure the right, fairness in determining the production profit or the added value of commodity, resolve the problem of transparency and symmetry of information in financial markets, the social balance in economic issues, improve the accountability in Economic System.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da pandemia do novo COVID-19 nas exportações brasileiras de carne bovina in natura. Para tal, foi empregada econometria de séries temporais, a ...partir do modelo de Auto-regressão Vetorial (VAR), no período de 1999 a 2021. De forma geral, verifica-se variação direta entre as exportações brasileiras de carne bovina e o preço interno da carne bovina e a taxa de câmbio. Contudo, observa-se relação inversa com as proxy da renda externa e da pandemia. Os resultados apontam como significativas ao nível de 5% as variáveis relativas às exportações de carne bovina, preços internos, taxa de câmbio, renda externa e pandemia. A relação é direta para as variáveis preço interno e taxa de câmbio e inversa para as variáveis renda externa e pandemia. Com relação à pandemia, verificou-se que apesar de o choque ter efeito sobre as exportações, este efeito é limitado, e o comportamento da série oscila em torno da trajetória original de sua média histórica. Da mesma forma, a partir da decomposição da variância, o impacto observado foi uniforme ao longo dos trimestres, sendo reduzido nos últimos dois trimestres estimados. Futuramente deverão ser exploradas com mais profundidade os determinantes das exportações brasileiras especificamente para o mercado chinês, principal parceiro comercial do segmento no último quinquênio, com importante participação relativa no total das exportações.
The energy problem in the conditions of modern economic development has acquired a particularly large scale: this is due to the elevated level of environmental pollution from conventional energy ...sources and their limited amount in the Earth’s interior. This has forced countries to develop new, renewable energy sources. However, it is relevant to consider the prospects for the development of energy exporting countries, namely oil supplier states. Thus, the purpose of this study is to forecast the development trends of these countries, considering the current pace of introduction of renewable energy sources in the world. Main methods for authoring the paper were modelling and forecasting, considering the model of the future development of the oil market designed in this paper. The authors conclude that the demand for oil, at least in the short and medium term, will increase. This is due to a considerable projected increase in global energy demand, which cannot be met only through the development of renewable energy sources. In this case, most oil-exporting countries may experience an increase in cash receipts over the future. However, authors believes that it is better for these countries, especially the OPEC member states and Azerbaijan, to start pursuing a policy of export diversification to become less dependent in their economic well-being on trends in the energy market and have more sources of income in case of problems in this market. The paper allows taking a fresh look at current changes in the oil market and the role of renewable energy sources in its development
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