This study investigates the relationship between proxies of the international economy and inequality. We focus on 17 Latin American countries during the period of 1991 to 2017. The results suggest ...the inexistence of a relationship between inequality and the independent variables, with some exceptions that reveal an indirect effect for upper income economies associated to trade and foreign direct investment, after redistributive policies. In the case of upper-middle income economies, findings show an indirect effect between inequality and economic complexity before taxes and transfers. In the end, the policy implications suggest that Latin American countries could openly participate in the international economy process without increasing the levels of inequality.
The five new Central Asian States that emerged from the fall of the Soviet Union began a process of State capacity building and the rule of law in their territories. Even though each one has its ...particularities, the continuity of autocratic political systems is a common factor among them. The privileged geographical position of Central Asia as a mandatory step between Europe and Asia, and its fundamental role in the energy security of world great powers, make the region increasingly important within the political and economic dynamics of the current International System. This might be a factor of analysis that affects changes and configurations in the political arena. This paper examines the extent to which external factors influence domestic politics by drawing on the theoretical background of authoritarian regimes and democratic transition, historical liaisons after the fall of the Soviet Union, as well as external factors such as security affairs, international trade, infrastructure projects in oil and gas pipelines, and competence for scarce water resources in the region.
Introducción. La importancia de esta investigación radica en el comportamiento de los países pertenecientes a los dos grupos durante el periodo 2012-2017 en materia de competitividad y cómo está ...variable les ha permitido posicionarse a nivel mundial. Objetivo. En este artículo se analizó la existencia de diferencias significativas en los modelos de competitividad de los bloques económicos (Alianza del Pacífico y el BRICS) utilizando como variables discriminatorias los doce pilares del índice de competitividad global del Foro Económico Mundial. Materiales y métodos. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa, analítica y utiliza la técnica estadística del análisis discriminante como mecanismo para determinar qué variables permiten una clasificación eficaz respecto a la pertenencia de los países a un bloque u otro. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos denotaron que de las doce (12) variables introducidas en el modelo, solo seis (6)–entorno macroeconómico, salud y educación primaria, educación superior y formación, eficiencia del mercado laboral, desarrollo del mercado financiero y tamaño del mercado- tienen un componente discriminatorio en materia de competitividad país. Conclusiones. El modelo para medir la competitividad país resultó significativo, permitiendo tener una elevada capacidad predictiva ya que el cien por ciento de la clasificación fue correcta.
تداعيات فيروس كورونا على الاقتصاد العالمي الإمام ، آمال موسى عباس
Revue al-Ijtihed des Études Juridiques and Économiques,
01/12/2020, Letnik:
9, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Trading Barriers Peters, Margaret
2017, 2017., 20170509, 2017-04-10
eBook
Why have countries increasingly restricted immigration even when they have opened their markets to foreign competition through trade or allowed their firms to move jobs overseas? InTrading Barriers, ...Margaret Peters argues that the increased ability of firms to produce anywhere in the world combined with growing international competition due to lowered trade barriers has led to greater limits on immigration.
Peters explains that businesses relying on low-skill labor have been the major proponents of greater openness to immigrants. Immigration helps lower costs, making these businesses more competitive at home and abroad. However, increased international competition, due to lower trade barriers and greater economic development in the developing world, has led many businesses in wealthy countries to close or move overseas. Productivity increases have allowed those firms that have chosen to remain behind to do more with fewer workers. Together, these changes in the international economy have sapped the crucial business support necessary for more open immigration policies at home, empowered anti-immigrant groups, and spurred greater controls on migration.
Debunking the commonly held belief that domestic social concerns are the deciding factor in determining immigration policy,Trading Barriersdemonstrates the important and influential role played by international trade and capital movements.
In the United States, less than one worker in five is currently in a labor union, while in Sweden, virtually the entire workforce is unionized. Despite compelling evidence for their positive effects, ...even the strongest European unions are now in retreat as some policymakers herald the U.S. model of market deregulation. These differences in union power significantly affect workers' living standards and the fortunes of national economies. What explains the enormous variation in unionization and why has the last decade been so hostile to organized labor? Bruce Western tackles these questions in an analysis of labor union organization in eighteen capitalist democracies from 1950 to 1990. Combining insights from sociology and economics in a novel way, Western views unions as the joint product of market forces and political and economic institutions.
The author argues that three institutional conditions are essential for union growth: strong working-class political parties, centralized collective bargaining, and union-run unemployment insurance. These conditions shaped the impact of market currents and explain variations across industries, across countries, and over time for the four decades since 1950. Between Class and Market traces the story of the postwar labor movements supported by a blend of historical investigation and sophisticated statistical analysis in an innovative framework for comparative research. Western tightly integrates institutional explanation and comparative method in a way that balances comparative generality with the unique historical experiences of specific cases.
The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of information and communication technologies on economic growth. For this purpose, telecommunications infrastructure investments, ...number of Internet and telephone subscribers and human capital figures of 34 OECD countries between 1968 and 2013 were utilized to conduct an unbalanced panel data analysis. Study findings demonstrated that number of Internet and telephone subscribers increased per capita growth rate.
Este artículo analiza el surgimiento de la República Popular China como potencia económica internacional sosteniendo la hipótesis de transición hegemónica caracterizada por el escenario de ...disputa con Estados Unidos. En primer lugar, se presenta el marco conceptual dentro de la teoría evolucionista de las revoluciones tecnológicas para la interpretación de la etapa actual de transformación global. A partir de allí, se avanza en el análisis de la trayectoria china hacia la consolidación como protagonista del sistema internacional y el recorrido empírico por los principales indicadores científicos y tecnológicos que explican su ascenso. En este marco, se analiza la disputa comercial con Estados Unidos como expresión del conflicto amplio en torno a la apropiación de los beneficios de la actual revolución tecnológica. Como conclusión, se expone la caracterización del escenario de incertidumbre en torno a la institucionalidad del nuevo orden económico global.
The entropy optimization approach has widely been applied in finance for a long time, notably in the areas of market simulation, risk measurement, and financial asset pricing. In this paper, we ...propose copula entropy models with two and three variables to measure dependence in stock markets, which extend the copula theory and are based on Jaynes’s information criterion. Both of them are usually applied under the non-Gaussian distribution assumption. Comparing with the linear correlation coefficient and the mutual information, the strengths and advantages of the copula entropy approach are revealed and confirmed. We also propose an algorithm for the copula entropy approach to obtain the numerical results. With the experimental data analysis at the country level and the economic circle theory in international economy, the validity of the proposed approach is approved; evidently, it captures the non-linear correlation, multi-dimensional correlation, and correlation comparisons without common variables. We would like to make it clear that correlation illustrates dependence, but dependence is not synonymous with correlation. Copulas can capture some special types of dependence, such as tail dependence and asymmetric dependence, which other conventional probability distributions, such as the normal p.d.f. and the Student’s
t p.d.f., cannot.
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