Involved for over thirty years in the politics of Iraq, Ali A. Allawi was a long-time opposition leader against the Baathist regime. In the post-Saddam years he has held important government ...positions and participated in crucial national decisions and events. In this book, the former Minister of Defense and Finance draws on his unique personal experience, extensive relationships with members of the main political groups and parties in Iraq, and deep understanding of the history and society of his country to answer the baffling questions that persist about its current crises. What really led the United States to invade Iraq, and why have events failed to unfold as planned?
The Occupation of Iraqexamines what the United States did and didn't know at the time of the invasion, the reasons for the confused and contradictory policies that were enacted, and the emergence of the Iraqi political class during the difficult transition process. The book tracks the growth of the insurgency and illuminates the complex relationships among Sunnis, Shias, and Kurds. Bringing the discussion forward to the reconfiguration of political forces in 2006, Allawi provides in these pages the clearest view to date of the modern history of Iraq and the invasion that changed its course in unpredicted ways.
What we owe Iraq Feldman, Noah
2004., 20090110, 2009, 2004, 2005-01-01, 20040101
eBook
America is up to its neck in nation building--but the public debate, focused on getting the troops home, devotes little attention to why we are building a new Iraqi nation, what success would look ...like, or what principles should guide us. What We Owe Iraq sets out to shift the terms of the debate, acknowledging that we are nation building to protect ourselves while demanding that we put the interests of the people being governed--whether in Iraq, Afghanistan, Kosovo, or elsewhere--ahead of our own when we exercise power over them. Noah Feldman argues that to prevent nation building from turning into a paternalistic, colonialist charade, we urgently need a new, humbler approach. Nation builders should focus on providing security, without arrogantly claiming any special expertise in how successful nation-states should be made. Drawing on his personal experiences in Iraq as a constitutional adviser, Feldman offers enduring insights into the power dynamics between the American occupiers and the Iraqis, and tackles issues such as Iraqi elections, the prospect of successful democratization, and the way home.
When President George W. Bush launched an invasion of Iraq in March of 2003, he did so without the explicit approval of the Security Council. His father's administration, by contrast, carefully ...funneled statecraft through the United Nations and achieved Council authorization for the U.S.-led Gulf War in 1991. The history of American policy toward Iraq displays considerable variation in the extent to which policies were conducted through the UN and other international organizations.
InChannels of Power, Alexander Thompson surveys U.S. policy toward Iraq, starting with the Gulf War, continuing through the interwar years of sanctions and coercive disarmament, and concluding with the 2003 invasion and its long aftermath. He offers a framework for understanding why powerful states often work through international organizations when conducting coercive policies-and why they sometimes choose instead to work alone or with ad hoc coalitions. The conventional wisdom holds that because having legitimacy for their actions is important for normative reasons, states seek multilateral approval.
Channels of Poweroffers a rationalist alternative to these standard legitimation arguments, one based on the notion of strategic information transmission: When state actions are endorsed by an independent organization, this sends politically crucial information to the world community, both leaders and their publics, and results in greater international support.
In the run-up to war in Iraq, the Bush administration assured the world that America's interest was in liberation-especially for women. The first book to examine how Iraqi women have fared since the ...invasion,What Kind of Liberation?reports from the heart of the war zone with dire news of scarce resources, growing unemployment, violence, and seclusion. Moreover, the book exposes the gap between rhetoric that placed women center stage and the present reality of their diminishing roles in the "new Iraq." Based on interviews with Iraqi women's rights activists, international policy makers, and NGO workers and illustrated with photographs taken by Iraqi women,What Kind of Liberation?speaks through an astonishing array of voices. Nadje Al-Ali and Nicola Pratt correct the widespread view that the country's violence, sectarianism, and systematic erosion of women's rights come from something inherent in Muslim, Middle Eastern, or Iraqi culture. They also demonstrate how in spite of competing political agendas, Iraqi women activists are resolutely pressing to be part of the political transition, reconstruction, and shaping of the new Iraq.
The primary objective of this book is to unearth the Mosul Incident, place it in a historical narrative and introduce it to the literature. Despite creating a historical turning point, the incident ...has not attracted the necessary attention in neither the Ottoman nor Iraqi historiography until now. By interpreting the preferences, policies and practices associated with this particular incident, the book is engaged to analyze the Post-Constitutional power shifts, perceptions of collective violence and the origins of Arab-Kurdish Dispute.The banishment and murder of Sheikh Said Barzanji who was the family head of Sadaat al-Barzanjiyya as the most influential religious organization of region, created a critical threshold in the history of Mosul. As the urban shootout on January 5 turned into a provincial bloodshed, Kurdish Sayyids, tribes and religious orders consolidated and revolted against the Ottoman authorities. Governors who were polarized as Anti Sadat and Pro Sadat allegedly misconducted their offices and misguided the authorities of law enforcement and judiciary.By overcoming the historical rupture between Ottoman Mosul and Modern Iraq, the book introduces an analytical framework to associate the origins of collective violence and ethnic fragmentation experienced in today's Iraq with the past.
Immune system activation is essential to thwart the invasion of pathogens and respond appropriately to tissue damage. However, uncontrolled inflammation can result in extensive collateral damage ...underlying a diverse range of auto‐inflammatory, hyper‐inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. The NF‐κB signaling pathway lies at the heart of the immune system and functions as a master regulator of gene transcription. Thus, this signaling cascade is heavily targeted by mechanisms designed to attenuate overzealous inflammation and promote resolution. Mechanisms associated with the negative regulation of NF‐κB signaling are currently under intense investigation and have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms that negatively regulate NF‐κB signaling through either attenuation of signal transduction, inhibition of posttranscriptional signaling, or interference with posttranslational modifications of key pathway components. While the regulators discussed for each group are far from comprehensive, they exemplify common mechanistic approaches that inhibit this critical biochemical signaling cascade. Despite their diversity, a commonality among these regulators is their selection of specific targets at key inflection points in the pathway, such as TNF‐receptor‐associated factor family members or essential kinases. A better understanding of these negative regulatory mechanisms will be essential to gain greater insight related to the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and inflammation resolution. These processes are vital elements of disease pathology and have important implications for targeted therapeutic strategies.
Review of regulators that negatively modulate NF‐κB signaling to attenuate inflammation and promote resolution.
Friendly fire Snook, Scott A; Snook, Scott A
2011., 20110919, 2011, 2000-01-01
eBook
On April 14, 1994, two U.S. Air Force F-15 fighters accidentally shot down two U.S. Army Black Hawk Helicopters over Northern Iraq, killing all twenty-six peacekeepers onboard. In response to this ...disaster the complete array of military and civilian investigative and judicial procedures ran their course. After almost two years of investigation with virtually unlimited resources, no culprit emerged, no bad guy showed himself, no smoking gun was found. This book attempts to make sense of this tragedy--a tragedy that on its surface makes no sense at all.
Abstract
Transitional space was considered as one of important parts in any different building types. These spaces contributed to the connection between many parts of spaces like (inside-inside or ...inside-outside), even in relationships between parts to parts or the whole building to the parts –and also to the urban context. Previous knowledge that focused on this space among limited types of functional patterns led to surfaced the research problem identified as” the need to identify the Transitional Spaces patterns in domestic houses in Iraq among different period times “. the research hypothese is “The patterns of transitional spaces in domestic Iraqi houses varied according to the function and location and the number of these spaces and these changed over time by drop in their types, in addition to reduce in its functional diversity”. The research methodology was consisting of three stages, first: building theoretical framework about characteristics of these kind of spaces in houses, second: select samples of Iraqi domestic houses from different periods times, third: analyzed finding and drawing conclusions. The research conclude that Transitional spaces are affected by many local environments forces, and by social, economic and cultural activities.
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