İslâm Hukukunda Temsil ve Amacı Kudat, Aydın
ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi = Adam Academy Journal of Social Science,
01/2015, Letnik:
5, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Gerek ferdin, gerekse toplumun ihtiyaç duyduğu bütün kuralları, ferdin ve toplumun yararı doğrultusunda vazeden İslâm hukûku, bugün modern hukukta da yer alan fert ile fert ve fert ile toplum ...arasındaki temsîl noktasındaki hukûkî ilişkilerini, yine fert ile toplumun yararı doğrultusunda çözüme kavuşturduğu muhakkaktır. Bizim burada konu olarak seçtiğimiz “Temsîl ve Amacı” başlıklı bu çalışmamızda İslâm hukûku’nun bu alandaki ilişkileri düzenleyen hükümlerini sınırları tahdit edilmiş belli bir çerçeve dairesinde ve amacı doğrultusunda ortaya koymak şeklindedir. Öncelikle tanımlar ve temsîlin genel çerçevesini ele almaya çalıştık. Sonrasında hukûkî temsîlin temel unsurlarını, son bölümde ise hukûkî temsîlin gayesi üzerinde durmaya çalıştık. Günümüzde çoğalan ve bu çoğalma nisbetinde meşakketleri mütevaris olan ihtiyaçların çoğu, bir şekilde temsil mekanizmasıyla alakadar olması hasebiyle konu önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İslam, Hukuk, Hukûkî Temsîl
İslâm Ahlâkıyla Ahlâklanmanın İmkânı Üzerine Akot, Bülent
ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi = Adam Academy Journal of Social Science,
01/2015, Letnik:
5, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Müslümanların en fazla üzerinde durduğu konulardan birisi de İslam Ahlâkıyla ahlâklanmadır. Ahlâkla ilgili çalışmalara bakıldığında insan davranışlarının sonuçlarıyla doğru orantılı bir değerlendirme ...yapıldığı görülecektir. Bu çalışma, İslam Ahlâkının davranışsal açıdan değil zihinsel açıdan ele alınması gerektiği üzerinde durmaktadır. İslam Ahlâkıyla ahlâklanmanın imkanı, bazı kavramların yeniden düşünülmesiyle olacaktır. Bahsi geçen kavramlar, gelenek, modernite ve kalptir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, üç bölümden müteşekkildir. Birinci bölümde, kalbi kullanarak İslam Ahlâkıyla ahlâklanmanın mümkün olacağı işlenmektedir. Son bölümde ise gelenek ve modernizm tartışmalarının İslam Ahlâkını ihmal ettiği konusu ele alınmıştır.
The situation in the Near East is important for each power, especially for the rising one. Germany belongs to the last category. The article tries to explore the forms, features and results of the ...FRG`s usage of political and military tools in the Near East by the mid-2020s. For two decades, Germany was trying to become security and stability provider for regional actors, to ensure strategic influence in the zones of armed conflicts. But in Iraq and especially in Syria, the results of Berlin’s participation in the struggle against the “Islamic state” (Terrorist organization banned in Russia) were rather modest. Hence, the Bundeswehr was forced to short its presence in Iraq and to reduce it to zero in Syria by the early 2020s. Rather important for Germany was the critical lack of opportunities to influence over growing strategic activity of the key regional actors. The FRG has faced the fact of distancing with Turkey which demonstrated its special position from other Western democracies on many regional issues. In 2010s, Germany made significant efforts to relieve tensions around Iran (because of its nuclear program and the confrontation with Saudi Arabia), but in the early 2020s, Berlin turned to the containment of this country. There has been also the disruption of the previous balance in the development of Germany’s partnership with Israel, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, and Lebanon (official Beirut). Berlin starts to see the relations with Tel-Aviv as the highest priority. All the tendencies have received noticeable development during the war in the Gaza Strip since October 2023.
Im Buch werden die einzelnen Kapitel zu den Bereichen "Politik/ Recht", "Gesellschaft", "Medien" und "Wissenschaft/Bildung" jeweils durch theoretische Vorüberlegungen eingeleitet. Diese bewegen sich ...grundsätzlich auf zwei Ebenen. Aus der Perspektive der eher normativ orientierten Liberalismus- und Demokratietheorie wird die Frage gestellt, welche Funktionen individuelle und kollektive Akteure in Politik und Gesellschaft jeweils übernehmen sollten. Bei "Politik und Recht" (Kap. I) werden alle Gewalten der Legislative, Exekutive und Judikative abgedeckt. Es geht um die Rolle von Rechtsnormen und -praxis, um die Interessen des parlamentarischen Raumes, der Parteien, Interessenverbände und sozialen Netzwerke sowie um die Mittlerstellung, die gerade Regierungen zwischen liberaler Verfassung und hegemonialer Politik einnehmen. Ergänzt wird das Kapitel durch einen Einblick in die politischen Einstellungen und die politische Kultur von Minderheiten und Mehrheiten. Mit Blick auf die "Gesellschaft" (Kap. II) stehen verschiedene Elemente der Sozialtheorie im Vordergrund. Im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit liegt die Toleranz- und Anerkennungstheorie, da gerade diese in liberaler Tradition die Freiheit von Individuen und Gruppen betont. Auch die heute bei der Diskussion von Minderheiten sehr präsente Integrationstheorie wird berücksichtigt, ebenso konflikttheoretische Ansätze. In einem Exkurs wird zudem die neomarxistisch orientierte Kritik des Neoliberalismus aufgegriffen. Bei der Analyse von "Medien" (Kap. III) liegt der Schwerpunkt im Bereich der Öffentlichkeitstheorie, allerdings erweitert um spezifische Bezüge zu multikulturellen Öffentlichkeiten und Gedanken über Kommunikationsethik. Anders als bei Massenmedien verlagert sich der theoretische Blickwinkel bei der Diskussion des Internets zu anderen Theorierichtungen, etwa zur Diskursanalyse von Michel Foucault, zur Feldtheorie von Pierre Bourdieu oder zum Symbolischen Interaktionismus von George Herbert Mead. Institutionentheoretische Verortungen in den Bereichen "Wissenschaft/Bildung" (Kap. IV) und "Kirche" (Kap. V) erfolgen im Rückbezug auf die Ausführungen zu Recht, Politik, Gesellschaft und Medien. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage, welchen Beitrag die Institutionen zu den liberalen Grundfragen von "Freiheit, Gleichheit und Brüderlichkeit" leisten: Inwieweit vermitteln sie Wissen und Werte der multikulturellen Gesellschaft - Stichworte: "globales Wissen", "Wissensgesellschaft" - und welche Hilfestellung geben sie beim Dialog zwischen Mehrheit und Minderheit? (ICB2).
This book shows how competing Islamic ideas and practices create alternative political and social realities in the Muslim majority regions of the Arab Middle East, Iran, South Asia, Africa, and ...elsewhere in ways that differ from the emergence of the public sphere in Europe.
An observatory and a lighthouse form the nexus of this major new investigation of science, religion, and the state in late Ottoman Egypt. Astronomy, imperial bureaucrats, traditionally educated ...Muslim scholars, and reformist Islamic publications, such as The Lighthouse, are linked to examine the making of knowledge, the performance of piety, and the operation of political power through scientific practice. Contrary to ideas of Islamic scientific decline, Muslim scholars in the nineteenth century used a dynamic tradition of knowledge to measure time, compute calendars, and predict planetary positions. The rise of a 'new astronomy' is revealed to owe much to projects of political and religious reform: from the strengthening of the multiple empires that exercised power over the Nile Valley; to the 'modernization' of Islamic centers of learning; to the dream of a global Islamic community that would rely on scientific institutions to coordinate the timing of major religious duties.
In Christian Identity amid Islam in Medieval Spain Charles L. Tieszen explores the strategies deployed by authors of medieval anti-Muslim polemic that helped them to forge a religious identity for ...their communities in light of Islam.
Abdelwahab Meddeb makes an urgent case for an Islamic reformation, located squarely in Western Europe, now home to millions of Muslims, where Christianity and Judaism have come to coexist with ...secular humanism and positivist law. He is not advocating "moderate" Islam, which he characterizes as thinly disguised Wahabism, but rather an Islam inspired by the great Sufi thinkers, whose practice of religion was not bound by doctrine. To accomplish this, Meddeb returns to the doctrinal question of the text as transcription of the uncreated word of God and calls upon Muslims to distinguish between Islam's spiritual message and the temporal, material, and historically grounded origins of its founding scriptures. He contrasts periods of Islamic history--when philosophers and theologians engaged in lively dialogue with other faiths and civilizations, and contributed to transmitting the Hellenistic tradition to early modern Europe--with modern Islam's collective amnesia of this past. Meddeb wages a war of interpretations in this book, in his attempt to demonstrate that Muslims cannot join the concert of nations unless they set aside outmoded notions such as jihad and realize that feuding among the monotheisms must give way to the more important issue of what it means to be a citizen in today's post-religious global setting.
Elijah Muhammad is arguably the most significant figure in the history of Islam in the United States. Successor to W. D. Fard, the founder of the Nation of Islam, and a mentor to Malcolm X, Elijah ...Muhammad led the Nation of Islam for over forty years.In Elijah Muhammad and Islam, Herbert Berg focuses on Elijah Muhammad's religiosity, which is frequently brought into question as the authenticity of the Nation of Islam as "truly Islamic" remains hotly debated. To better comprehend this powerful and controversial figure, Berg contextualizes Elijah Muhammad and his religious approach within the larger Islamic tradition, exploring his use of the Qur'an, his interpretation of Islam, and his relationships with other Muslims. Above all, Berg seeks to understand - not define or label - Muhammad as a Muslim. To do otherwise, he argues, is to misunderstand and distort the man, his teachings, his movement, and his legacy.
The essays in this volume tell the stories of Chinese Muslim intellectuals trying to create satisfying, safe and coherent lives at the intersection of two potentially conflicting cultures.
