Subgingival microorganisms are potentially associated with periodontal diseases. However, changes in the subgingival microbiota during the progress of periodontal diseases are poorly understood. In ...this study, we analyzed bacterial communities in the subgingival paper point samples from 32 Korean individuals with no sign of disease, gingivitis, or periodontitis using 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing. A total of 256,113 reads representing 26 phyla, 433 genera, and 1,016 species were detected. Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes, and Spirochaetes were the abundant phyla in periodontitis subjects, whereas Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the dominant phyla in the gingivitis and healthy subjects, respectively. Although high levels of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Fretibacterium, Rothia, Filifactor, and Treponema genera were observed in the periodontitis subjects, Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Haemophilus genera were found at high frequency in the gingivitis subjects. Species including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum were significantly increased in periodontitis subjects. On the other hand, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Leptotrichia hongkongensis were preferentially observed in the gingivitis subjects. Intriguingly, the halophile Halomonas hamiltonii was revealed as a predominant species in the healthy subjects. Based on Fast UniFrac analysis, distinctive bacterial clusters were classified for the healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis state. The current findings might be useful for understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases.
Background
Information on the microbiota in peri‐implantitis is limited. We hypothesized that neither gender nor a history of periodontitis/smoking or the microbiota at implants differ by implant ...status.
Materials and Methods
Baseline microbiological samples collected at one implant in each of 166 participants with peri‐implantitis and from 47 individuals with a healthy implant were collected and analyzed by DNA–DNA checkerboard hybridization (78 species). Clinical and radiographic data defined implant status.
Results
Nineteen bacterial species were found at higher counts from implants with peri‐implantitis including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter gracilis, Campylobacter rectus, Campylobacter showae, Helicobacter pylori, Haemophilus influenzae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus anaerobius, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, T. socranskii, Staph. aureus, Staph. anaerobius, Strep. intermedius, and Strep. mitis in peri‐implantitis comprising 30% of the total microbiota. When adjusted for gender (not significant NS), smoking status (NS), older age (p = .003), periodontitis history (p < .01), and T. forsythia (likelihood ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4, 9.1, p = .007) were associated with peri‐implantitis.
Conclusion
A cluster of bacteria including T. forsythia and Staph. aureus are associated with peri‐implantitis.
•Biochemical fingerprints of Scrophularia lucida extracts were evaluated.•Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects were investigated.•In silico studies were performed for ...providing further insights.•Luteolin, rosmarinic acid, hesperidin and kaempferol are main compounds.•The study could be considered as a springboard for designing further studies on S. lucida.
The genus Scrophularia has received much interest with regards to its traditional uses against eczema, psoriasis, and mastitis. Yet, the medicinal properties of some species still need to be scientifically validated. The present study was designed to investigate into the biological properties of various solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous) of the roots and aerial parts of Scrophularia lucida based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activities together with phytochemical screening. Our results revealed that the solvent extracts differed in their biological effectiveness. The root ethyl acetate extract showed the highest ABTS scavenging, FRAP, CUPRAC, and inhibitory activity against AChE and α-glucosidase. The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts displayed the highest BChE and α-amylase inhibition and antioxidant effect in the phosphomolybdenum assay, while the methanol extracts of both parts were the most effective DPPH• scavengers and tyrosinase inhibitors. The methanol extracts of the root and aerial parts also inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine leukemic monocyte-macrophage cell (4.99% and 10.77%, respectively), at 31.25 μg/mL concentration. The highest TPC (34.98 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (48.33 mg RE/g extract) were observed in the ethyl acetate extract of the root and aerial parts, respectively. The most abundant compounds in the root ethyl acetate extract were luteolin (852 μg/g extract), rosmarinic acid (522 μg/g extract), and hesperidin (394 μg/g extract) while kaempferol was most abundant in the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts (628 μg/g extract). In silico experiments were conducted on tyrosinase and the higher docking values were observed for rosmarinic acid and hesperidin. The present findings provide base line information which tend to support the potential use of S. lucida in the management of several chronic diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus.
plants are marketed for diverse usages because of their pleasant odor, as well as high nutritional value and wealth of health-promoting phytochemicals. In this study,
,
, and
grown under organic ...cultivation regime were characterized regarding nutrients and phenolic compounds. In addition, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of these species were screened. The plants were particularly notable for their high K/Na ratio, polyunsaturated fatty acids content and low omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratios, which are valuable features of a healthy diet. Caffeic acid and/or its derivatives, mainly rosmarinic acid and caffeoyl rosmarinic acid, represented the majority of the phenolic constituents of these plants, although they were less representative in
, which in turn was the richest in flavones. The latter species also exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (DPPH
EC
of 9.50 ± 1.98 μg/mL and reducing power EC
of 30.73 ± 1.48 μg/mL), while
was the most active towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, the results suggest that the three thyme plants grown in organic farming are endowed with valuable metabolites that give them high commercial value for applications in different industries.
Bacterial DNA and live bacteria have been detected in human urine in the absence of clinical infection, challenging the prevailing dogma that urine is normally sterile. Urgency urinary incontinence ...(UUI) is a poorly understood urinary condition characterized by symptoms that overlap urinary infection, including urinary urgency and increased frequency with urinary incontinence. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome warrants investigation into whether bacteria contribute to UUI. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to classify bacterial DNA and expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) techniques to isolate live bacteria in urine collected by using a transurethral catheter from women with UUI and, in comparison, a cohort without UUI. For these cohorts, we demonstrated that the UUI and non-UUI urinary microbiomes differ by group based on both sequence and culture evidences. Compared to the non-UUI microbiome, sequencing experiments revealed that the UUI microbiome was composed of increased Gardnerella and decreased Lactobacillus. Nine genera (Actinobaculum, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Gardnerella, Oligella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus) were more frequently cultured from the UUI cohort. Although Lactobacillus was isolated from both cohorts, distinctions existed at the species level, with Lactobacillus gasseri detected more frequently in the UUI cohort and Lactobacillus crispatus most frequently detected in controls. Combined, these data suggest that potentially important differences exist in the urinary microbiomes of women with and without UUI, which have strong implications in prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of UUI. Importance: New evidence indicates that the human urinary tract contains microbial communities; however, the role of these communities in urinary health remains to be elucidated. Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood urinary condition characterized by urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence. Given the significant overlap of UUI symptoms with those of urinary tract infections, it is possible that UUI may have a microbial component. We compared the urinary microbiomes of women affected by UUI to those of a comparison group without UUI, using both high-throughput sequencing and extended culture techniques. We identified statistically significant differences in the frequency and abundance of bacteria present. These differences suggest a potential role for the urinary microbiome in female urinary health.
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Documentation of respiratory specimens can help for an appropriate clinical management with a ...significant effect on the disease progress in patient, the antimicrobial therapy used and the risk of secondary spread of infection. Here, we compared the performances of four commercial multiplex kits used in French University Hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the detection of ARI pathogens (i.e., the xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel Fast, RespiFinder SMART 22, CLART PneumoVir and Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogen 33 kits). We used a standardised nucleic acids extraction protocol and a comprehensive comparative approach that mixed reference to well established real-time PCR detection techniques and analysis of convergent positive results. We tested 166 respiratory clinical samples and identified a global high degree of correlation for at least three of the techniques (xTAG, RespiFinder and FTD33). For these techniques, the highest Youden's index (YI), positive predictive (PPV) and specificity (Sp) values were observed for Core tests (e.g., influenza A YI:0.86-1.00; PPV:78.95-100.00; Sp:97.32-100.00 & B YI:0.44-1.00; PPV:100.00; Sp:100.00, hRSV YI:0.50-0.99; PPV:85.71-100.00; Sp:99.38-100.00, hMPV YI:0.71-1.00; PPV:83.33-100.00; Sp:99.37-100.00, EV/hRV YI:0.62-0.82; PPV:93.33-100.00; Sp:94.48-100.00, AdV YI:1.00; PPV:100.00; Sp:100.00 and hBoV YI:0.20-0.80; PPV:57.14-100.00; Sp:98.14-100.00). The present study completed an overview of the multiplex techniques available for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We aimed to purify polyphenols from distiller's grain extract using macroporous resins and to identify its polyphenolic components. The influence of operational parameters on purification efficiency ...was investigated. The polyphenolic composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and then quantified by UPLC-MS using authenticated standards. The results showed that the optimal purifying conditions were D101 resin with a dosage of 3 g, four hours adsorption, three hours desorption time, and 60% ethanol as the eluent, producing the highest purification rate of 51%. The purified distiller's grain extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than the unpurified extracts, which was assessed using DPPH and ABTS methods (IC
DPPH = 34.03 and 16.21 μg/mL, respectively; IC
ABTS = 20.31 and 5.73 μg/mL, respectively). UPLC-MS results indicated that (-)-epicatechin is the major compound found in distiller's grain extract which was quantified as 562.7 μg/g extract, followed by ferulic acid (518.2 μg/g),
-hydroxybenzoic acid (417.7 μg/g), caffeic acid (217.1 μg/g), syringic acid (158.0 μg/g) and quercetin (147.8 μg/g). Two compounds, vanillic acid (66.5 μg/g) and gallic acid (41.4 μg/g), were found in lower concentrations. The findings of this study suggest that purification of polyphenolic compounds from distiller's grain by macroporous resins is feasible, providing a new and effective method for the secondary use of distiller's grain resources.
Dysbiosis, or imbalance in the gut microbiome, has been implicated in auto-immune, inflammatory, neurological diseases as well as in cancers. More recently it has also been shown to be associated ...with ocular diseases. In the present study, the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis with bacterial Keratitis, an inflammatory eye disease which significantly contributes to corneal blindness, was investigated. Bacterial and fungal gut microbiomes were analysed using fecal samples of healthy controls (HC, n = 21) and bacterial Keratitis patients (BK, n = 19). An increase in abundance of several anti-inflammatory organisms including
Dialister
,
Megasphaera
,
Faecalibacterium
,
Lachnospira
,
Ruminococcus
and
Mitsuokella
and members of
Firmicutes
,
Veillonellaceae
,
Ruminococcaceae
and
Lachnospiraceae
was observed in HC compared to BK patients in the bacterial microbiome. In the fungal microbiome, a decrease in the abundance of
Mortierella
,
Rhizopus
,
Kluyveromyces
,
Embellisia
and
Haematonectria
and an increase in the abundance of pathogenic fungi
Aspergillus
and
Malassezia
were observed in BK patients compared to HC. In addition, heatmaps, PCoA plots and inferred functional profiles also indicated significant variations between the HC and BK microbiomes, which strongly suggest dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of BK patients. This is the first study demonstrating the association of gut microbiome with the pathophysiology of BK and thus supports the gut–eye axis hypothesis. Considering that Keratitis affects about 1 million people annually across the globe, the data could be the basis for developing alternate strategies for treatment like use of probiotics or fecal transplantation to restore the healthy microbiome as a treatment protocol for Keratitis.
Inside the lungs of COVID-19 disease Aguiar, Diego; Lobrinus, Johannes Alexander; Schibler, Manuel ...
International journal of legal medicine,
07/2020, Letnik:
134, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, only few data regarding lung pathology induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is available, ...especially without medical intervention interfering with the natural evolution of the disease. We present here the first case of forensic autopsy of a COVID-19 fatality occurring in a young woman, in the community. Diagnosis was made at necropsy and lung histology showed diffuse alveolar damage, edema, and interstitial pneumonia with a geographically heterogeneous pattern, mostly affecting the central part of the lungs. This death related to COVID-19 pathology highlights the heterogeneity and severity of central lung lesions after natural evolution of the disease.
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