Bakteriozni rak masline je bolest uzrokovana bakterijom Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Pss). Pss je vrsta koja pripada kompleksu vrsta Pseudomonas syringae. Mehanizam zaraze s Pss uključuje ...sintezu dvaju hormona rasta – auksina i citokinina, koji uzrokuju pojavu hipertrofiranog tkiva, odnosno nekontrolirane i ubrzane diobe stanica na različitim biljnim organima masline (Olea europaea L.). Prisutnost bakterioznog raka masline zabilježena je u gotovo svim maslinarskim regijama u svijetu. Tijekom dvije godine (2021. i 2022.) obavljeno je terensko istraživanje i uzorkovanje zaraženog biljnog materijala kako bi se utvrdila prisutnost ovog patogena i na području hrvatskog dijela istarskog poluotoka. Ukupno 102 uzorka sakupljena su s 22 različite sorte u 45 maslinika. Prisutnost patogena određena je molekularnom metodom Real - time PCR u 32 (30 %) uzorka. Najveći udio pozitivnih uzoraka činile su sorte Leccino i Frantoio, koje su ujedno bile najzastupljenije sorte u istraživanim maslinicima. Veći tumori na simptomatičnim stablima masline utvrđeni su u sjevernim dijelovima Istre.
Olive knot disease is caused by bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Pss). The bacterium Pss belongs to the Pseudomonas syringae species complex. The mechanism of action used by Pss to establish an infection involves synthesis of two types of growth hormones - auxins and cytokinins. This mechanism leads to uncontrolled and accelerated cell division in different plant organs of olive tree (Olea europaea L.), which cause the appearance of hypertrophic tissue, known as knots. The presence of bacterial olive knot disease is recorded in almost all olive-growing regions in the world. In this research, a field survey and sampling of symtomatic plant material was carried out during 2021 and 2022 with aims to determine the distribution of olive knot disease in the Croatian part of the Istrian peninsula. Totally 102 samples were collected from 22 various olive varieties in 45 orchards. The bacterium Pss was identified using the Real-time PCR method in 32 (30%) of tested samples. The highest number of positive samples was recorded from susceptible Leccino and Frantoio varieties, which were the most widely grown varieties in sampled orchards in Istria. The formation of larger tumours on symptomatic olive trees was observed in olive orchards located in more northern regions of surveyed area.
The paper gives a review of conditions and triggers in which landslides occur on flysch slopes in central and northern Istria. The north-eastern
part of the Istrian Peninsula, the so-called Gray ...Istria, consists of Paleogene flysch rock mass. Landslides in this area are usually triggered by heavy rainfall together with human activity which changes slope geometry and assists in retaining surface water in the sliding zone. Briefly, hydrogeological conditions in combination with ground water levels and pore water pressures increase, lead to numerous instability phenomena, during the long and continuous rainfall periods. Instabilities usually include small rotational and translational landslides, and it is seldom that debris flows and rock falls occur. Landslides are evenly evidenced in the first part of winter and the early spring time which corresponds to the second rainfall peak. The analyses performed based on landslide documentation and rainfall historical data, show rainfall trends associated with landslide occurrence. Depending on meteorological, hydrological and geological conditions, cumulative rainfall which triggered landslide activation varies inside a three-month period. The results presented show rainfall trends which serve as characteristic landslide triggers on flysch slopes
in north-eastern part of Istria.
The paper analyzes, critically edits, and translates a treaty signed between the Patriarchate of Grado and the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 1180 whereby the former relinquished to the latter all the ...claims over Istrian bishoprics, mainly the metropolitan rights, the patriarchal treasury, and some other possessions in the vicinity of Aquileia, thus ending a dispute that plagued the relations between the two patriarchates for centuries and provoked several armed conflicts. As such, the document presents one of the most important historical sources in the context of medieval Istria and the Patriarchate of Aquileia, but the charter itself was never critically edited according to modern ecdotical standards. The authors aim to change this by critically editing the charter, both the treaty as well as the subsequent papal confirmation, and translating this seminal document into English in an effort to make it more accessible to a wider range of professional and non-professional audiences.
The application of biomolecular techniques for the study of food practices in the Italian Bronze Age has revealed an interesting complexity. This is particularly true for the Po plain, in northern ...Italy, where the use of “alternative” grains (i.e., the millets) has been assessed isotopically through the measurement of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios in human and animal bone collagen at the site of Olmo di Nogara (Verona). This work provides new isotopic data from 12 Early, Middle, and Late Bronze Age sites from western Veneto and Friuli. Data obtained contribute to the understanding of mode and tempo of the spread of new crops in northeastern Italy, which appears to be a hotspot for the study of Bronze Age farming economies in Europe. We have successfully analyzed 146 specimens to find that δ13C values are higher, in a way that we interpret as indicative of C4 plant consumption. Four of the sites analyzed, with a specific chronological indication, show this evidence. We explain this phenomenon as the result of a discontinuous spread of new crops in northeastern Italy at a very specific moment of the Bronze Age. The data presented might call for a reconsideration of food production and consumption among Bronze Age groups of southern Europe.
The paper presents an overview of new trends in camping tourism in Croatia and the world, with an emphasis on glamping and family camps. After the historical review of the development of camping and ...glamping tourism, there is an overview of the situation in Croatian camping tourism. The analysis of the existing scientific and professional literature presents an overview of previous research on camping and glamping tourism and the problems that camping tourism researchers face. In the final part of the paper, the emphasis is on the predictions of scientists about the future of camping tourism. The methods used throughout the work are: analysis and synthesis method, statistical method, and compilation method. Camping tourism is experiencing significant changes today, due to the maturity of the Mediterranean offer, such as the emergence of glamping as a luxurious and more expensive form. Croatian camping tourism, despite the significant share of campsites in the overall structure of accommodation capacities, notes a lack of research and the authors dealing with new trends in camping tourism and families, but also low utilization by resident tourists. At the same time, the County of Istria is registering an increase in the number of campers as well as in the demand for glamping.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new high-resolution relative sea-level (RSL) reconstruction is presented for the past 1500 years based on four bio-constructions formed by alga Lithophyllum byssoides (algal rims). Two algal ...structures have been studied on the southern (Premantura site) and two on the eastern Istrian coast (Uboka and Brseč sites) in the Northeastern Adriatic. The data from the algal rims (47 radiocarbon data points) enabled the distinction of four major phases of RSL change which corresponds to periods of climate change. RSL between AD 400 and 800 during the Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP), was almost stable. After AD 800, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) the RSL increased up to ∼0.8 mm/yr. The following Little Ice Age period, (LIA) interval I (AD 1400 till 1600) is again characterised by RSL stability (RSL slowed down) which allows the rims at the southern coast to reach the width of ∼40–80 cm at their uppermost part and up to 20 cm for those along the eastern coast. Between AD ∼1600 and 1750, during the colder LIA II interval, algal rims do not form, as LIA II is assumed to be a period of RSL fall. Algal rims reveal that from the second part of the 19th century the RSL rose by 13–15 cm at the Premantura location and around 10 cm at the Brseč and Uboka areas, providing rates between 1 and 0.7 mm/yr respectively for the Current Warm Period (CWP).
The sea-level trends were quantitatively defined using an Errors-In-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process (EIV-IGP) model, with full consideration of the available uncertainty. Following correction for the total land-level change (assumed to be around −0.4 mm/yr), four successive trends in sea-level change were confirmed. Sea-level dropped during the DACP at a mean rate of −0.4 mm/yr and increased to 0.5 mm/y as a consequence of Medieval warmth. Thereafter it was relatively stable during LIA I, fell up to −0.1 mm/yr during LIA II interval and has been slowly rising again during the CWP. Moreover, L. byssoides δ18O records show that these periods of sea-level changes are consistent with changes in temperature and thus with periods of rapid climate change.
•Forty-seven new sea-level radiocarbon data points from the Central Mediterranean have been provided.•4 phases of relative sea level (RSL) change generally correspond to periods of rapid climate change.•δ18O data from the alga Lithophyllum byssoides revealed as a good palaeoclimate indicator.•The Southern coast of Istria is characterised by a subsidence rate of ∼0.4 mm/yr over the study period.•During the Current Warm Period (CWP), the RSL is rising at a rate of 0.7–1 mm/yr.
Ovaj je članak nastao povodom 85. rođendana dr. sc. Stanka Škunce (rođen 1937.) i donosi osnovne informacije glede njegova životnog i profesionalnog puta. Škuncina aktivnost u dosadašnjem radu bila ...je usmjerena, osim u redovničko-pastoralnoj dimenziji kao člana Reda male braće sv. Franje, ujedno na autorskom polju kao klasičnog filologa, povjesničara i publicista. Sastavni dio članka je kratak osvrt na Škuncine monografske publikacije, a potom se donosi popis njegovih izabranih objavljenih radova u razdoblju od 1971. do 2021. godine.
The article was written on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of the birth of Dr. sc. Stanko Škunca (*1937), and provides general information about his life and professional career. As a member of the Order of Friars Minor of St. Francis, Škunca’s activities were mainly directed towards the monastic and pastoral dimension. However, as an author, Škunca also worked as a classical philologist, historian and publicist. Part of the article is devoted to the evaluation of Škunca’s monographic editions, and at the end the reader can find a selected bibliography of Škunca’s published works in the period from 1971 to 2021.
U nastojanju za razumijevanjem kasnoantičkih prilika na sjevernojadranskom području analizirali smo dosad pronađene ostave novca na ozemlju antičke Istre. Riječ je o šest ostava, od kojih se za jednu ...ne zna točno mjesto nalaza, nastalih od III. do V. stoljeća u sjevernoj i središnjoj Istri. Znatno se razlikuju po obimu – od skromnih ostava do onih koje sadrže na tisuće kovanica – kao i po značajkama same mikrolokacije na kojoj su pronađene. Nastanak novčanih pohrana načelno je znak pogoršanih javnosigurnosnih prilika, kada stanovništvo sklanja dragocjenosti u strahu za svoju imovinu. Stoga smo pokušali ustanovljeno vrijeme nastanka svake pojedine ostave dovesti u vezu s istodobnim političkim događanjima za koje znamo iz pisanih izvora.
This article is dedicated to the memory of Croatian eminent folklorist, Maja Bošković-Stulli, who dedicated much of her research to Istrian narrative folklore. She was one of the leading folklorists ...of the second half of the 20th century and a contemporary of Slovenia’s Milko Matičetov, another exceptional folklorist and field researcher. Together, they are responsible for the collection of Istrian narrative folklore and studied the role which narratives had in the lives of Istrian people. The proximity of different ethnic groups in this territory led to the diversity and richness of narrative culture and folk storytelling up to this day. This article discusses some examples of narrative culture from Slovenian and Croatian Istria from the point of view of vital shifts and changes that can be traced through different historical periods until today.
Ovaj je članak posvećen uspomeni na istaknutu hrvatsku folkloristicu Maju Bošković-Stulli, koja je velik dio svojih istraživanja posvetila istarskom narativnom folkloru. Bila je jedna od vodećih folkloristica druge polovine dvadesetog stoljeća, a zajedno s još jednim istaknutim folkloristom i terenskim istraživačem iz Slovenije, Milkom Matičetovim, zabilježila je impozantan korpus istarskog narativnog folklora te istraživala ulogu pripovijedanja u životu ljudi u Istri. Blizina različitih etničkih skupina na ovom području utjecala je na raznolikost i bogatstvo narativne kulture i pučkog pripovijedanja do današnjih dana. U članku se raspravlja o nekim primjerima narativne kulture iz slovenske i hrvatske Istre iz perspektive ključnih pomaka i promjena koje se vide kroz povijest do danas.
The Position of Italian as a Second Language in the Slovenian School System and the Proposals for Its Revitalization among Young People in the Bilingual Area The objective of this article is to offer ...the reader a presentation of the alarming position of Italian as a second language along the Slovenian coast and to propose a variety of possible solutions for its revitalization and improvement in schools in Slovenian Istria. For this purpose are presented two examples of good practice: the Welsh and Basque model. The success of these two models can fill us with hope that in the current situation, there is still room for an effective intervention for the Italian language.
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