Ljudje smo vsakodnevno izpostavljeni različnim kemičnim motilcem endokrinega sistema (KMES). Izpostavljenost KMES je povezana s številnimi motnjami in boleznimi reproduktivnega sistema, vendar njihov ...vpliv še ni natančno pojasnjen. Opisanih je več različnih mehanizmov preko katerih KMES lahko motijo delovanje organizma. Reproduktivno zdravje je odvisno od pravilnega prenatalnega razvoja jajčnikov, ki je ključen za njihovo pravilno delovanje. Ugotovitve epidemioloških študij in študij na živalih kažejo, da prenatalna izpostavljenost KMES lahko povzroči različne bolezni reproduktivnega sistema pozneje v življenju, kar povzema hipoteza sindroma ovarijske disgeneze. Eden od vzročnih mehanizmov delovanja KMES za pojav sindroma ovarijske disgeneze naj bi bile tudi epigenetske spremembe. V članku, ki je pregled literature na tem področju, je predstavljena vloga epigenetskih procesov (DNA metilacija, ne-kodirajoča RNA, histonske modifikacije) v toksičnem delovanju KMES na reproduktivni sistem.
Background. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors belong to the group of sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary. They account for less than 0.5 % of all ovarian tumors and occur primarily in young women between ...20 and 30 years of age. This type of tumors can secrete androgens, causing virilisation, and are extremely rarely presented in postmenopausis. Methods. A 73-year old multiparous woman was presented to our institution with complaints of abdominal distention and abdominal pain in her lower abdomen. On physical examination, she had a large, fixed palpable abdominal mass, approximately 20 cm in diameter, arising from the pelvis. The laboratoric tests revealed an elevated level of CA125 of 221.3 U/ml of serum. The ultrasound showed a complex cystic and solid pelvic tumor. There was no sign of ascites. Her hormonal status was within normal range and she also showed no signs of virilisation. On laparotomy a complex left ovarian mass, measuring 30 × 27 × 15 cm was found and sent to frozen section. The result of frozen section was a malignant tumor of unknown origin, therefore a radical surgical procedure was performed. The histopathological examination established the diagnosis of a malignant Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the left ovary, of intermediate differentiation. Other removed tissue was free of malignant cells. The early postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was released from hospital 10 days after surgery. However, she returned to our institution 16 days after surgery due to a proximal thrombosis of v. saphena magna. The patient was treated with low-molecularweight heparin and later warfarin for 6 weeks post operation. 16 months after the operation she was symptomatically treated for severe microcytic anemia. She showed no signs of a relapse. 27 months after primary surgery she was operated for the second time due to acute bowel obstruction. She had large masses of necrotic tumor removed from abdomen and transversostomia was performed. It was found to be a relapse of the malignant Sertoli-Leydig tumor, infiltrating the small intestines; the level of serum CA 125 also showed an increase. Conclusions. We describe a case of a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a postmenopausal woman, treated in our institution.
