The Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature in The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven represents the fruit of the first encounter between Catholicism and ...Confucianism. This article will consider the Thomistic and neo‐Confucian sources in Ricci's enunciation of the Catholic doctrine on the goodness of human nature in this Chinese catechism. It will illustrate that Ricci developed his teaching, which is fundamentally Thomistic, with the help of terminology borrowed from the Chinese philosophical tradition. His distinction between the good of nature and the good of virtue leads to prioritising the cultivation of human nature. Ricci's teaching reflects the early modern Jesuits’ appreciation of human freedom. It also displays a Catholic reaction to the sixteenth‐century neo‐Confucian intellectual trend that ignored the importance of moral cultivation.
Purpose
Big data poses as a valuable opportunity to further improve decision making in supply chain management (SCM). However, the understanding and application of big data seem rather elusive and ...only partially explored. The purpose of this paper is to create further guidance in understanding big data and to explore applications from a business process perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a sequential mixed-method. First, a Delphi study was designed to gain insights regarding the terminology of big data and to identify and rank applications of big data in SCM using an adjusted supply chain operations reference (SCOR) process framework. This was followed by a questionnaire-survey among supply chain executives to elucidate the Delphi study findings and to assess the practical use of big data.
Findings
First, big data terminology seems to be more about data collection than of data management and data utilization. Second, the application of big data is most applicable for logistics, service and planning processes than of sourcing, manufacturing and return. Third, supply chain executives seem to have a slow adoption of big data.
Research limitations/implications
The Delphi study is explorative by nature and the questionnaire-survey rather small in scale; therefore, findings have limited generalizability.
Practical implications
The findings can help supply chain managers gain a clearer understanding of the domain of big data and guide them in where to deploy big data initiatives.
Originality/value
This study is the first to assess big data in the SCOR process framework and to rank applications of big data as a mean to guide the SCM community to where big data is most beneficial.
Cerebral hemodynamics, e.g., cerebral blood flow, can be measured and quantified using many different methods, with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) being one of the most commonly used ...approaches. In human physiology, the terminology used to describe metrics of cerebral hemodynamics are inconsistent and in some instances technically inaccurate; this is especially true when evaluating, reporting, and interpreting measures from TCD. Therefore, this perspective article presents recommended terminology when reporting cerebral hemodynamic data. We discuss the current use and misuse of the terminology in the context of using TCD to measure and quantify cerebral hemodynamics and present our rationale and consensus on the terminology that we recommend moving forward. For example, one recommendation is to discontinue the use of the term “cerebral blood flow velocity” in favor of “cerebral blood velocity” with precise indication of the vessel of interest. We also recommend clarity when differentiating between discrete cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, namely, cerebral autoregulation, neurovascular coupling, and cerebrovascular reactivity. This will be a useful guide for investigators in the field of cerebral hemodynamics research.
Terminology matters. Law librarians use a variety of terms to describe those who use the library-from user to member, customer to patron, and others. This article examines the terms that are used and ...what that terminology implies about the relationship between librarian and library user. By considering the attitudes, behaviors, and connotations behind the terminology librarians use, librarians, specifically law librarians, can impact library users' sense of inclusion and belonging.
Objective
According to electroencephalogram (EEG) descriptors included in the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society (ACNS) terminology, we generated a score, and we compared it to the EEG scores ...previously proposed in order to identify the one with the best prognostic power for neurological outcome at post‐acute stages in patients with severe disorders of consciousness (DoC).
Materials and methods
Patients included in the analysis were clinically evaluated with the Coma Recovery Scale‐Revised (CRS‐R). An EEG was performed within the first week after admission to Intensive Rehabilitation Unit (IRU). EEGs were classified according to the ACNS terminology and to the scores of Bagnato and Estraneo.
Results
A total of 260 patients admitted to the IRU were analysed. A total of 160 patients (61%) improved their consciousness level during IRU stay. EEG score based on the ANCS terminology showed higher overall performance (receiver‐operating area under the curve = 0.79) and greater sensitivity (65%), at comparable specificities (80%), for clinical improvement as compared to both CRS‐R admission score and other EEG scores. Combining our EEG score with CRS‐R score at admission, the cumulative sensitivity increased to 76% when at least one good prognostic index test was present in the same patient, whereas specificity increased up to 93% if both the good prognostic patterns of clinical and instrumental parameters were simultaneously present.
Conclusion
The EEG scored according to the ACNS terminology is the best among those looked at for the prediction of short‐term clinical improvement in patients with DoC and represents a useful instrumental test, complementary to clinical evaluation at admission, to be added in post‐acute neurological prognostication methods.
Aims
To summarize basic definitions in the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardization of Terminology in lower urinary tract (LUT) function and their application.
Methods
Fundamental ...terminology in the ICS Standardization of Terminology LUT Function was identified and summarized.
Results
Evaluation of LUT requires appreciation of symptoms, signs and urodynamic observations. Symptoms are categorized according to their occurrence during the micturition cycle into storage symptoms (eg, increased daytime frequency IDF, urgency, nocturia, or incontinence) or voiding and post‐voiding symptoms (eg, slow stream or post micturition dribbling). Several problems may be present, giving rise to symptom syndromes, notably overactive bladder (during the storage phase) or underactive bladder (during the voiding phase). Signs may be derived from a bladder diary or may be elicited on physical examination. Urodynamic observations may be made by assessing flow rate, and this is combined with pressure measurement when undertaking filling cystometry and pressure flow studies. Key elements of flow and pressure measurement are described.
Conclusions
The review provides a succinct summary of symptoms, signs, and urodynamic observations as set out in the ICS Standard on LUT Function.
The article is devoted to the research of the features of forming the terminological system of biotechnology in English. It is carried out structural and derivational analysis of English ...biotechnology terminology. The sources of forming the biotechnological terms are explored. The analysis of the actual material allowed to single out the most productive ways of terms formation as well as their structural types.
Part of the appeal of attachment language is that it feels near to our everyday experience, as terms like ‘attachment’, ‘security’ or ‘disorganisation’ feel readily recognisable. Yet, not one of ...these terms is used by academic attachment researchers in line with ordinary language. This has hindered the evidence‐based use of attachment in practice, the feedback loop from practice to research and the dialogue between attachment researchers in developmental psychology and in social psychology. This paper pinpoints the difficulties arising from the existence of multiple versions of ‘attachment theory’ that use exactly the same terms, held by communities that assume that they are referring to the same thing and with little infrastructure to help them discover otherwise. When we talk past one another, the different communities with a stake in knowledge of attachment are obstructed from genuinely learning from one another, drawing on their respective strengths and pursuing collaborations. One factor contributing to this situation has been the use of attachment terminology with technical meanings, but often without setting out clear definitions. We here introduce a guide to attachment terminology used by the academic community, which has recently been published on the website of the Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies. The guide is meant for researchers, clinicians and everyone concerned with attachment to increase understanding of the technical meaning of important terminology used by researchers, and support the quality of discussions between researchers, and between researchers and clinicians and other publics.
The term population health has been used increasingly in reference to efforts to improve the performance and outcomes of healthcare systems. 1 With related terms such as public health and community ...health, population health generally refers to the health and well-being of groups of individuals. For example, the Population Association of America declares its purpose as, in part, “To promote the improvement, advancement, and progress of the human race…” 2 The American Public Health Association “champions the health of all people and all communities.” 3 These are just 2 examples of important domestic professional organizations whose missions extend to all the people in the U.S. and beyond.
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