The Javanese - one of the largest ethnic groups in the Islamic world - were once mostly 'nominal Muslims' with pious believers a minority and the majority seemingly resistant to Islam's call for ...greater piety. Over the tumultuous period analyzed here - from the 1930s to the 2000s - that society has changed profoundly to become an extraordinary example of the rising religiosity that marks the modern age. Islamisation and Its Opponents in Java draws on a formidable body of sources, including interviews, archival documents and a vast range of published material, to situate the Javanese religious experience. Winner of the Kahin Prize from the Association of Asia Studies, the study has considerable relevance for much wider contexts. The final section of the book, which considers the significance of Java's religious history in global contexts, shows how it exemplifies a profound contest of values in the universal human search for a better life.
A rich and sensitive portrait of a changing peasantry, this study is also a general inquiry into the nature of status, class, and community in the developing world. Robert Hefner presents an analysis ...designed to bridge the gap between village studies and social history. He describes the forces that have shaped upland politics and society from pre-colonial times to the Green Revolution today. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991. A rich and sensitive portrait of a changing peasantry, this study is also a general inquiry into the nature of status, class, and community in the developing world. Robert Hefner presents an analysis designed to bridge the gap between village studies and.
In A History of Plague in Java,
1911-1942 , Maurits Bastiaan Meerwijk
demonstrates how the official response to the 1911 outbreak of
plague in Malang led to one of the most invasive health
...interventions in Dutch colonial Indonesia. Eager to combat
disease, Dutch physicians and officials integrated the traditional
Javanese house into the "rat-flea-man" theory of transmission.
Hollow bamboo frames and thatched roofs offered hiding spaces for
rats, suggesting a material link between rat plague and human
plague. Over the next thirty years, 1.6 million houses were
renovated or rebuilt, millions more were subjected to periodic
inspection, and countless Javanese were exposed to health messaging
seeking to "rat-proof" their beliefs along with their houses.
The transformation of houses, villages, and people was
documented in hundreds of photographs and broadcast to overseas
audiences as evidence of the "ethical" nature of colonial rule,
proving so effective as propaganda that the rebuilding continued
even as better alternatives, such as inoculation, became available.
By systematically reshaping the built environment, the Dutch plague
response dramatically expanded colonial oversight and influence in
rural Java.
Introductory artificial intelligence undergraduate classes often introduce different search methods using different search algorithms. In this context one of algorithms that is often taught, is the ...minimax algorithm which is used in adversarial games where you want to minimize your opponent's chance of winning while maximizing your chance of winning. Different instructors use different games to make the students implement the minimax algorithm such as Checkers, Othello or Chess. However, one common problem with this assignment is that the students often spend more time implementing the game itself rather than the artificial intelligence techniques in the game. For this reason, in this paper we present a Java-based open source Othello framework that was designed to be used in artificial intelligence undergraduate classes. Our framework has several features that help the students to focus on the development of the artificial intelligence aspects of the game, rather than developing the game itself. One particular feature of the framework is that it has a method that returns the list of valid moves given the current state of the game board and which player is going to make the next move. With this method, the students can focus on how to evaluate the different states using several heuristic functions and implementing the minimax algorithm. Another feature of the framework is the graphical user interface and the HumanPlayer class that allows the students to play against their own code. This feature is important as it allows the students to not only debug their codes but also to evaluate the effectiveness of their implemented heuristics. Another aspect of the framework is that it allows to set up a tournament of the codes developed by the students. The tournament can be organized in two modes. In the first mode every AI developed by one student plays against the AI developed by every other student. In the second mode, each student developed code is paired against another student developed code and only the winner plays against the winner of another pairing until there is only one winner left. An analysis of the framework in our artificial intelligence undergraduate computer engineering classes shows that it properly supports the student learning and the tournament mode also challenges them to create the best AI for Othello as they can.
What would a history that put women at the centre of the rise and fall of kingdoms be like? When the armies of Khubilai arrived on Java in 1293, they found themselves in the middle of two warring ...states. Two historical traditions developed concerning the ensuing events: the official Chinese dynastic records in which no women are mentioned, and a number of Javanese histories and poems in which everything depends upon the actions and fates of certain women. The Chinese account has long been regarded as factual, whilst the Javanese versions have been dismissed as mere romance, their women stereotypical representations of male fantasies. But what happens if the women and the narratives about them are taken seriously rather than dismissed? Of Palm Wine, Women and War offers just such a reading.
The ability to program a computer has become increasingly important in work that involves corpora. Specialised research needs can no longer be met by available software, and purchasing customised ...programs is usually not an option. This book enables the researcher to write programs for text and corpus processing. Useful techniques are illustrated with the popular programming language Java, which is very well suited for handling textual data, and at the same time easy to learn.Features:* a general introduction to programming for readers with a linguistic background* a practical introduction to corpus linguistics for readers with a programming background who are new to corpus processing* a guide to relevant aspects of Java which will be useful for text processing* a variety of sample programs which are in themselves useful tools for corpus research.
In east Javanese dance traditions like Beskalan and Ngremo , musicians and dancers negotiate gender through performances where males embody femininity and females embody masculinity. Christina ...Sunardi ventures into the regency of Malang in east Java to study and perform with dancers. Through formal interviews and casual conversation, Sunardi learns about their lives and art. Her work shows how performers continually transform dance traditions to negotiate, and renegotiate, the boundaries of gender and sex--sometimes reinforcing lines of demarcation, sometimes transgressing them, and sometimes doing both simultaneously. But Sunardi's investigation moves beyond performance. It expands notions of the spiritual power associated with female bodies and feminine behavior, and the ways women, men, and waria (male-to-female transvestites) access the magnetic power of femaleness. A journey into understudied regions and ideas, Stunning Males and Powerful Females reveals how performances seemingly fixed by tradition are instead dynamic environments for cultural negotiation and change surrounding questions of sex and gender.
A Peaceful Jihad R. Lukens-Bull
2005, 2005-05-13, 20050101
eBook
Based on extensive ethnographic research, this book examines how the Islamic community in Java, Indonesia, is actively negotiating both modernity and tradition in the contexts of nation-building, ...globalisation, and a supposed clash of civilizations. The pesantren community, so-called because it is centered around an educational institution called the pesantren, uses education as a central arena for dealing with globalization and the construction and maintenance of an Indonesian Islamic identity. However, the community's efforts to wrestle with these issues extend beyond education into the public sphere in general and specifically in the area of leadership and politics. The case material is used to understand Muslim strategies and responses to civilizational contact and conflict. Scholars, educated readers, and advanced undergraduates interested in Islam, religious education, the construction of religious identity in the context of national politics and globalization will find this work useful.
Trading enterprise figures prominently in Indonesian history. Commercial activities penetrated deep into the economy, politics and society of the former Netherlands Indies. Dutch Commerce and Chinese ...Merchants in Java describes this, largely forgotten, world of commerce. During the period 1800-1942 this vanished world was, however, bustling. Merchants of very different background and stature cooperated and competed with each other. Trading relations were forged and dissolved, contracts were honoured and broken, fortunes were made and lost.
Using unpublished archival sources in Indonesia and the Netherlands Alexander Claver recounts the diverse trading mechanisms, complex credit relations and countless participants involved. How Dutch, Chinese, and Arab traders related to each other in such demanding business environment is the fascinating story of this book.
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Third Edition, offers a thorough grounding in machine learning concepts as well as practical advice on applying machine learning tools ...and techniques in real-world data mining situations. This highly anticipated third edition of the most acclaimed work on data mining and machine learning will teach you everything you need to know about preparing inputs, interpreting outputs, evaluating results, and the algorithmic methods at the heart of successful data mining. Thorough updates reflect the technical changes and modernizations that have taken place in the field since the last edition, including new material on Data Transformations, Ensemble Learning, Massive Data Sets, Multi-instance Learning, plus a new version of the popular Weka machine learning software developed by the authors. Witten, Frank, and Hall include both tried-and-true techniques of today as well as methods at the leading edge of contemporary research. The book is targeted at information systems practitioners, programmers, consultants, developers, information technology managers, specification writers, data analysts, data modelers, database R professionals, data warehouse engineers, data mining professionals. The book will also be useful for professors and students of upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level data mining and machine learning courses who want to incorporate data mining as part of their data management knowledge base and expertise. * Provides a thorough grounding in machine learning concepts as well as practical advice on applying the tools and techniques to your data mining projects * Offers concrete tips and techniques for performance improvement that work by transforming the input or output in machine learning methods * Includes downloadable Weka software toolkit, a collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks—in an updated, interactive interface. Algorithms in toolkit cover: data pre-processing, classification, regression, clustering, association rules, visualization
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