Alman Medenî Kanunu’nun yürürlüğe girdiği dönemde medenî hukukun genel teorisinin soyut kavramlardan oluşan düşünme şekli menfaat içtihadı görüşünce kavram içtihadı olarak isimlendirilerek ...eleştirilmiştir. Taraf menfaatlerini dikkate almaksızın tümdengelim aracılığıyla soyut hukuk kurallarını somut olaya uygulamakla yetinen kavram içtihadının 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında oluşturduğu kavramlardan biri de inşaî hak ve bunun uzantısı olan inşaî davadır. İnşaî hak bir kavram olarak medenî hukuka Romanist Seckel’in 1903 yılında verdiği bir konferans ve yazdığı bir yazıyla girecektir. Seckel’in çalışmasıyla inşaî hak adını alacak olan tek taraflı irade beyanıyla hukuk yaratma hakkı, yakın zamanda Christian Hattenhauer tarafından eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Bu bakış açısına göre bütün inşaî haklara ortak bazı özellikler atfedilmesi uygulamada taraf menfaatlerini zedeleyen bir etki yaratmaktadır.
Historical and legal context is provided for governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These powers allow governments to close schools and businesses, ban public gatherings, ...impose curfews, issue stay-at-home orders, require quarantines for travelers, and impose travel restrictions. Transparent evidence-based processes are encouraged to ensure equity and social justice.
Under what circumstances should a citizen be able to avoid the penalties set by the citizen's home country's criminal law by going abroad to engage in the same activity where it is not criminally ...prohibited? Should we view the ability to engage in prohibited activities by traveling outside of the nation state as a way of accommodating cultural or political differences within our polity? These are general questions regarding the power and theory of extraterritorial application of domestic criminal law. In this Article, I examine the issues through a close exploration of one setting that urgently presents them: medical tourism.
Medical tourism is a term used to describe the travel of patients who are citizens and residents of one country, the "home country, "to another country, the "destination country, "for medical treatment. This Article is the first to comprehensively examine a subcategory of medical tourism that I call "circumvention tourism," which involves patients who travel abroad for services that are legal in the patient's destination country but illegal in the patient's home country-that is, travel to circumvent domestic prohibitions on accessing certain medical services. The four examples of this phenomenon that I dwell on are circumvention medical tourism for female genital cutting (FGC), abortion, reproductive technology usage, and assisted suicide.
I will briefly discuss the "can" question: assuming that a domestic prohibition on access to one of these services is lawful, as a matter of international law, is the home country forbidden, permitted, or mandated to extend its existing criminal prohibition extraterritorially to home country citizens who travel abroad to circumvent the home country's prohibition?
Most of the Article, though, is devoted to the "ought" question: assuming that the domestic prohibition is viewed as normatively well-grounded, under what circumstances should the home country extend its existing criminal prohibition extraterritorially to its citizens who travel abroad to circumvent the prohibition? I show that, contrary to much of current practice, in most instances, home countries should seek to extend extraterritorially their criminal prohibitions on FGC, abortion, assisted suicide, and, to a lesser extent, reproductive technology use to their citizens who travel abroad to circumvent the prohibition. I also discuss the ways in which my analysis of these prohibitions can serve as scaffolding for a more general theory of circumvention tourism.
La Ley 4/2023, de 28 de febrero, recientemente aprobada en España, regula la autodeterminación de sexo en nuestro país y garantiza la igualdad real y efectiva de las personas trans y los derechos de ...las personas LGTBI. El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar los factores socio-legislativos (socio-jurídicos) que determinaron la elaboración de esta ley y que explican su contenido, así como las cuestiones controvertidas que conlleva. La metodología utilizada es de carácter exploratorio con el objetivo de identificar y analizar a través del análisis de contenido: los antecedentes, el contexto, los actores sociales y el proceso legislativo. Los resultados confirman la fuerte influencia de la Declaración de Principios de Yogyakarta de 2005 y de los Principios de Yogyakarta más 10 en la redacción innovadora de las recientes leyes de género de los diferentes países europeos, incluyendo los pronunciamientos de la ONU en 2011 y 2016, y la propia ley española. Los puntos de controversia han enfrentado a partidos políticos e incluso a ONG feministas con colectivos LGTBI en aspectos como el tratamiento hormonal de menores, que ya ha generado jurisprudencia disuasoria en Reino Unido y Suecia.
Judicious use of real‐world data (RWD) is expected to make all steps in the development and use of pharmaceuticals more effective and efficient, including research and development, regulatory ...decision making, health technology assessment, pricing, and reimbursement decisions and treatment. A “learning healthcare system” based on electronic health records and other routinely collected data will be required to harness the full potential of RWD to complement evidence based on randomized controlled trials. We describe and illustrate with examples the growing demand for a learning healthcare system; we contrast the exigencies of an efficient pharmaceutical ecosystem in the future with current deficiencies highlighted in recently published Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) reports; and we reflect on the steps necessary to enable the transition from healthcare data to actionable information. A coordinated effort from all stakeholders and international cooperation will be required to increase the speed of implementation of the learning healthcare system, to everybody's benefit.
This Viewpoint summarizes existing federal regulations aimed at protecting research data, describes the challenges of enforcing these regulations, and discusses how evolving privacy technologies ...could be used to reduce health disparities and advance health equity among pregnant and LGBTQ+ research participants.
Margaret McGregor and colleagues consider Bradford Hill's framework for examining causation in observational research for the association between nursing home care quality and for-profit ownership.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
La inexistencia desde sus orígenes ha sido una figura oscura, de difícil definición con disímiles posturas por parte de la doctrina europea y diversas contradicciones en la recepción por la ...jurisprudencia colombiana, sin embargo, hemos agrupado las tesis del derecho francés, español e italiano en cuatro grandes vertientes, para posteriormente compararlas con la jurisprudencia colombiana, la cual ha sido diversa y contradictoria en su evolución, con el fin de hacer un aporte en el proceso de unificación, garantizar los derechos a la igualdad, seguridad jurídica y legitima confianza.
Covid-19 and Health Care’s Digital Revolution Keesara, Sirina; Jonas, Andrea; Schulman, Kevin
The New England journal of medicine,
06/2020, Letnik:
382, Številka:
23
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, Americans are waking up to the limitations of their analogue health care system. It seems clear that we need an immediate digital revolution, pursued on several ...fronts, to address this crisis.
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