Der Artikel geht aus vom Mythos des „freien Tabaks“, wie ihn Fernando Ortiz in seinem Klassiker „Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y del azúcar“ (1940) in Form einer kulturgeschichtlichen ...Commodity-Geschichte beschrieben hat. Dieser Mythos begleitet Zigarren aus Kuba noch heute – weltweit. Der Artikel dekonstruiert diesen Mythos, indem er eine Geschichte des Tabaks auf Kuba im Rahmen des Tabak-Atlantiks der Neuzeit erzählt. Diese Geschichte war bereits im 18. Jahrhundert, aber vor allem im 19. Jahrhundert (bis 1886), auch eine Geschichte von „Tabak mit Sklaven“ und eine Geschichte der kubanischen Tabakwirtschaft als Teil der globalen Second Slavery des 19. Jahrhunderts.
The article departs from the myth of „free tobacco“ how Fernando Ortiz has described it in his classic „Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y del azúcar“ (1940) as a cultural and historical commodity narrative. This myth accompanied cigars from Cuba until today – worldwide. The article deconstructs this myth by telling a history of tobacco in Cuba as part of the tobacco-Atlantic in modern times. This story was already in the 18th century, but especially in the 19th Century (until 1886), a history of „tobacco with slaves“ and a history of the Cuban tobacco industry as part of the global Second Slavery in the 19th century.
If it Rains, Ask Grandma to Disconnect the Nano Dye, Michaelanne; Nemer, David; Kumar, Neha ...
Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction,
11/2019, Letnik:
3, Številka:
CSCW
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In Cuba, where internet access is severely constrained, technology enthusiasts have built StreetNet (SNET), a community network (CN) that has grown organically, reaching tens of thousands of ...households across Havana. Through fieldwork conducted in 2016 and 2017, we investigate participants' strategies as they engage with a network where the material elements---cables, switches, nanos, and servers---are regularly breaking down. Drawing on maintenance and care (M&C) scholarship, we present an in-depth investigation of the management and anticipation of breakdowns in SNET, foregrounding the deeply relational nature of repair work, collective efforts required for SNET's M&C, and the values and motivations underpinning these practices. Our paper contributes a unique perspective on how CNs are run locally and organically, outlining considerations for how interventions along these lines might be more suitably designed. We also complicate perspectives of innovation through a discussion of cultural ideologies and tensions underpinning M&C practices.
In this vital transnational study, Kimberly D. Hill critically
analyzes the colonial history of central Africa through the
perspective of two African American missionaries: Alonzo Edmiston
and Althea ...Brown Edmiston. The pair met and fell in love while
working as a part of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission -- an
operation which aimed to support the people of the Congo Free State
suffering forced labor and brutal abuses under Belgian colonial
governance. They discovered a unique kinship amid the country's
growing human rights movement and used their familiarity with
industrial education, popularized by Booker T. Washington's
Tuskegee Institute, as a way to promote Christianity and offer
valuable services to local people.
From 1902 through 1941, the Edmistons designed their mission
projects to promote community building, to value local resources,
and to incorporate the perspectives of the African participants.
They focused on childcare, teaching, translation, construction, and
farming -- ministries that required constant communication with
their Kuba neighbors. Hill concludes with an analysis of how the
Edmistons' pedagogy influenced government-sponsored industrial
schools in the Belgian Congo through the 1950s. A Higher
Mission illuminates not only the work of African American
missionaries -- who are often overlooked and under-studied -- but
also the transnational implications of black education in the
South. Significantly, Hill also addresses the role of black foreign
missionaries in the early civil rights movement, an argument that
suggests an underexamined connection between earlier
nineteenth-century Pan-Africanisms and activism in the interwar
era.
Agrarian History of the Cuban Revolution explains the challenges and paradoxes of the agrarian change in revolutionary Cuba, considering the tensions between land tenure, crop system, agrarian labour ...regime and the Cold War geopolitical conditions. The notion of Peripheral Socialism is still a powerful synthesis to Cuban agrarian dilemmas.
This paper presents a Stochastic Multi-Objective Mixed Integer Non-Linear Problem (SMOMINLP) to redesign the sustainable supply chain to recycle certain products. The model integrates economic, ...environmental and social objectives to support strategic decisions such as facility location, material flow design and transport selection. The environmental impact objective is calculated through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology using the Eco-indicator 99 method. A multi-criteria programming approach algorithm to manage several objectives linked with stochastic programming to address uncertainty is developed in this investigation. In addition, to assess the solutions obtained and to reduce the uncertainty effect on decision-making, a performance indicator is proposed. Model feasibility has been tested in Cuba. In this case study, the redesign of a supply chain for plastic recycling is examined. The experimental results show supply chain configurations that improve sustainability performance.
•An optimization model to redesign a recycling supply chain is proposed.•Economic, environmental and social goals are considered.•A multi-criteria algorithm to deal with several objectives and uncertainty is developed.•An expected performance indicator is proposed.
The timing and extent of international crossings by billfishes, tunas, and sharks in the Cuba-Mexico-United States (U.S.) triangle was investigated using electronic tagging data from eight species ...that resulted in >22,000 tracking days. Transnational movements of these highly mobile marine predators were pronounced with varying levels of bi- or tri-national population connectivity displayed by each species. Billfishes and tunas moved throughout the Gulf of Mexico and all species investigated (blue marlin, white marlin, Atlantic bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna) frequently crossed international boundaries and entered the territorial waters of Cuba and/or Mexico. Certain sharks (tiger shark, scalloped hammerhead) displayed prolonged periods of residency in U.S. waters with more limited displacements, while whale sharks and to a lesser degree shortfin mako moved through multiple jurisdictions. The spatial extent of associated movements was generally associated with their differential use of coastal and open ocean pelagic ecosystems. Species with the majority of daily positions in oceanic waters off the continental shelf showed the greatest tendency for transnational movements and typically traveled farther from initial tagging locations. Several species converged on a common seasonal movement pattern between territorial waters of the U.S. (summer) and Mexico (winter).
Zusammenfassung Die deutsch-kubanische Forschungs- und Digitalisierungsinitiative „Proyecto Humboldt Digital“ (ProHD) hat während ihrer Projektlaufzeit (2019–2023) wichtige Quellen zum Thema ...„Humboldt und Kuba“ erstmals digital erschlossen. Als Kooperation zwischen der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana hat ProHD damit wichtige Akzente für die Archivdigitalisierung, die digitale Editionsphilologie und die digitale Wissenschaftskommunikation in Kuba gesetzt. Das Korpus der erschlossenen Bestände wird hier in fünf Schlaglichtern vorgestellt: 1) Quellen zur Humboldt’schen Forschungsreise, 2) Juan Luis de la Cuesta, 3) Materialien zu Kuba aus dem Humboldt-Nachlass, 4) Zensur und Beschlagnahme des Essai politique sur l’île de Cuba, 5) Francisco de Arango y Parreño. Resumen La iniciativa alemana-cubana “Proyecto Humboldt Digital” (ProHD) ha hecho accesibles digitalmente por primera vez importantes fuentes sobre el tema “Humboldt y Cuba” durante el período de su ejecución (2019–2023). Como cooperación entre la Academia de Ciencias y Humanidades de Berlín-Brandeburgo y la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana, ProHD ha inspirado importantes pautas para la digitalización de archivos, la ecdótica digital y la comunicación científica digital en Cuba. El corpus de los fondos catalogados se presenta aquí en cinco puntos destacados: 1) fuentes en torno al viaje humboldtiano, 2) Juan Luis de la Cuesta, 3) materiales sobre Cuba de la colección Humboldt, 4) Censura y confiscación del Essai politique sur l’île de Cuba, 5) Francisco de Arango y Parreño. Abstract The German-Cuban initiative “Proyecto Humboldt Digital” (ProHD) has made important archival sources on “Humboldt and Cuba” digitally accessible for the first time during the project period (2019–2023). As a cooperation between the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the Office of the Historian of the City of Havana, ProHD has inspired key principles for archival digitization, digital scholarly editions and digital scholarly communication in Cuba. The digital corpus is presented in this article along five main strands: 1) documents related to Humboldt’s voyage, 2) Juan Luis de la Cuesta, 3) Documents on Cuba from the Humboldt personal papers, 4) censorship and confiscation of the Essai politique sur l’île de Cuba, 5) Francisco de Arango y Parreño.
Search engines decide what we see for a given search query. Since many people are exposed to information through search engines, it is fair to expect that search engines are neutral. However, search ...engine results do not necessarily cover all the viewpoints of a search query topic, and they can be biased towards a specific view since search engine results are returned based on relevance, which is calculated using many features and sophisticated algorithms where search neutrality is not necessarily the focal point. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the search engine results with respect to bias. In this work we propose novel web search bias evaluation measures which take into account the rank and relevance. We also propose a framework to evaluate web search bias using the proposed measures and test our framework on two popular search engines based on 57 controversial query topics such as abortion, medical marijuana, and gay marriage. We measure the
stance bias
(in support or against), as well as the
ideological bias
(conservative or liberal). We observe that the stance does not necessarily correlate with the ideological leaning, e.g. a positive stance on abortion indicates a liberal leaning but a positive stance on Cuba embargo indicates a conservative leaning. Our experiments show that neither of the search engines suffers from stance bias. However, both search engines suffer from ideological bias, both favouring one ideological leaning to the other, which is more significant from the perspective of polarisation in our society.
'Wszystkie zajęcia Yoirysa Manuela' All occupations of Yoirys Manuel by Adam Kwaśny (2017) is a collection of stories about the inhabitants of the city of Trinidad in Cuba, which can be read as an ...attempt to look for a new approach in the travel literature and reportage writing. By the use of the techniques typical for magical realism and non-fiction literature at the same time, the work shows the reality of the city from the perspective of its inhabitants, or more precisely: from the perspective of a narrator coming from the outside world, but sharing the beliefs and worldview of the described people.
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