A pale giant oak aphid Stomaphis wojciechowskii Depa, 2012 from the tribe Stomaphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) is recorded for the fauna of Belarus for the first time. The species was ...collected twice in October 2019 and 2020 in the vicinity of Gomel from deep bark cracks and in the ant tunnels of Lasius brunneus under the bark of Quercus robur in a deciduous forest. Currently Stomaphis wojciechowskii is recorded from open deciduous and mixed forests in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Great Britain. Apparently, this species previously remained unrecognized due to its external similarity to S. quercus (Linnaeus, 1758) and cryptic mode of life. The morphological description of the studied forms is given. Brief information on the lifestyle, distribution and bionomics of this species is given.
Stomaphis cupressi caucasica Mamontova 1982 is reported for the first time in Italy. Apterous and alate viviparous females were collected from Cupressus sempervirens and Cupressus arizonica in hilly ...areas of Tuscany. Morphological redescription of St. cupressi caucasica is given with figures of antennae. A key to separate the St. cupressi caucasica from the nominotypical St. cupressi cupressi is included together with some bio-ecological and bio-geographical information.
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•Stomaphis aphid phylogeny revealed 23 well-supported lineages.•Most lineages are specialized to a specific host plant family.•Host plants of Stomaphis aphids range across 6 orders ...and 11 families.•Historically, Stomaphis aphids have repeatedly colonized two host plant genera.
We reconstructed Stomaphis phylogeny and analyzed evolutionary host-plant shifts. The molecular phylogeny revealed 23 well-supported lineages, each specialized to use specific host plant family, whilst host plants of Stomaphis aphids ranged across 6 orders, 11 families, 21 genera, and 28 species. This combination of high host specificity with evolutionarily distant host shifts is exceptional in herbivores. To explain this pattern, we propose one hypothesis among several possibilities: Stomaphis aphids are generalists with respect to the defensive chemicals produced by the plant, but specialists with respect to the stem surface structure of the host tree. This hypothesis predicts that tree taxa having stem surface structures preferred by Stomaphis would be used again and again by genetically distinct Stomaphis lineages. Consistent with this prediction, we found that different (occasionally phylogenetically distant) Stomaphis lineages shared the same host plant genera such as Alnus and Betula. This result suggests that, in the course of their evolutionary history, Japanese Stomaphis aphids have repeatedly colonized a limited number of host plant genera.
Virtually all aphids (Aphididae) harbor Buchnera aphidicola as an obligate endosymbiont to compensate nutritional deficiencies arising from their phloem diet. Many species within the Lachninae ...subfamily seem to be consistently associated also with Serratia symbiotica We have previously shown that both Cinara (Cinara) cedri and Cinara (Cupressobium) tujafilina (Lachninae: Eulachnini tribe) have indeed established co-obligate associations with both Buchnera and S. symbiotica However, while Buchnera genomes of both Cinara species are similar, genome degradation differs greatly between the two S. symbiotica strains. To gain insight into the essentiality and degree of integration of S. symbiotica within the Lachninae, we sequenced the genome of both Buchnera and S. symbiotica endosymbionts from the distantly related aphid Tuberolachnus salignus (Lachninae: Tuberolachnini tribe). We found a striking level of similarity between the endosymbiotic system of this aphid and that of C. cedri In both aphid hosts, S. symbiotica possesses a highly reduced genome and is found exclusively intracellularly inside bacteriocytes. Interestingly, T. salignus' endosymbionts present the same tryptophan biosynthetic metabolic complementation as C. cedri's, which is not present in C. tujafilina's. Moreover, we corroborate the riboflavin-biosynthetic-role take-over/rescue by S. symbiotica in T. salignus, and therefore, provide further evidence for the previously proposed establishment of a secondary co-obligate endosymbiont in the common ancestor of the Lachninae aphids. Finally, we propose that the putative convergent split of the tryptophan biosynthetic role between Buchnera and S. symbiotica could be behind the establishment of S. symbiotica as an obligate intracellular symbiont and the triggering of further genome degradation.
Olfaction is important for mediating aphid behaviors and is involved in host location and mating. Antennal primary rhinaria play a key role in the chemoreception of aphids. The function of the ...peripheral olfactory system in the subfamily Aphidinae has been intensively studied, but little is known about other subfamilies of Aphididae. Therefore, three aphid species were selected to study the olfactory reception of plant volatiles:
(Lachninae),
(Eriosomatinae), and
(Calaphidinae). In this study, the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of apterous adults were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three morphological types were identified (placoid sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, and trichoid sensilla); the first two were distributed on the antennal primary rhinaria. A pattern of primary rhinaria in
was found that differed from that of
and
and consists of 1 large placoid sensillum (LP) on the 4th segment, 2 LPs on the 5th segment, and a group of sensilla on the 6th antennal segments. Later, we recorded and compared neuronal responses of the distinct placoid sensilla in the primary rhinaria of the three aphid species to 18 plant volatiles using a single sensillum recording (SSR) technique. The results indicated that the functional profiles based on the tested odorants of the primary rhinaria of the three investigated aphid species were clustered into three classes, and exhibited excitatory responses to certain types of odorants, especially terpenes. In
, the ORNs in LP6 exhibited the highest responses to (±)-citronellal across all tested chemicals, and showed greater sensitivity to (±)-citronellal than to (+)-limonene. ORNs in LP5 were partially responsive to α-pinene and (-)-β-pinene in a dose-dependent manner. Across different species,
showed significantly stronger neuronal responses of LP5 to several terpenes, such as (-)-linalool and α-terpineol, compared to other species. In
, the neuronal activities in LP6 showed a greater response to methyl salicylate as compared to LP5. Overall, our results preliminarily illustrate the functional divergence of ORNs in the primary rhinaria of aphids from three subfamilies of Aphididae and provide a basis for better understanding the mechanism of olfactory recognition in aphids.
Complete mitochondrial genomes are valuable resources for different research fields such as genomics, molecular evolution and phylogenetics. The subfamily Lachninae represents one of the most ancient ...evolutionary lineages of aphids. To date, however, no complete Lachninae mitogenome is available in public databases. Here we report the
mitogenome, representing the first complete mitogenome of Lachninae. The
mitogenome is consist of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes (rRNAs), 22 tRNA genes (tRNAs), a control region and a large tandem repeat region. Strikingly, the mitogenome exhibits a novel, highly rearranged gene order between
and
compared with that of other aphids. The presence of repeat region in the basal Lachninae may further indicate it is probably an ancestral feature of aphid mitogenomes. Collectively, this study provides new insights on mitogenome evolution and valuable data for future comparative studies across different insect lineages.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aphid tribe Eulachnini is unusual in being both diverse in species number and specializing on conifer hosts. The Bhutan pine aphid Pseudessigella brachychaeta Hille Ris Lambers, 1966; the only ...known species of its genus and native of the Himalayan region, displays characteristics of both the Palearctic genus Eulachnus and the Nearctic Essigella. Species of all three genera, as well as eulachnine Cinara subgenus Schizolachnus, share the same ecological niche, feeding almost exclusively on the needles of true pines. To obtain a better understanding of this enigmatic aphid and its biological context within the Eulachnini, we conducted a scanning electron microscopy study of the fine morphology and sensilla of the live-bearing and egg-laying forms of the species. The general morphology most resembles that of species of the genus Eulachnus but in detail Pseudessigella also displays unique features. Many types of sensilla, including coeloconic, campaniform, placoid and trichoid sensilla occur at different locations on the antennae, mouthparts, and legs. The rhinariolum on the second antennal segment is described and illustrated for the first time in Lachninae and a second rhinariolum-like sensillum, hitherto unknown in aphids, is also described on the second antennal segment. We discuss the morphological features of Pseudessigella and the distribution of antennal and labial sensilla with respect of their possible taxonomic and functional significance.
Here, we present a revision of the poorly studied aphid genus, Sinolachnus from the tribe Tuberolachnini of the subfamily Lachninae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) modified to include eight species. Apterous ...and alate viviparous females of the type species S. niitakayamensis are redescribed together with alate viviparous females of Sinolachnus elaeagnensis. Alate viviparous females of a new species Sinolachnus takahashii
sp. nov. and apterous and alate viviparous females of Sinolachnus yushanensis
sp. nov. associated with Elaeagnus oldhamii, from Taiwan are described. Sinolachnus is, for the first time, recorded from Japan and the alate viviparous female of Sinolachnus nipponicus
sp. nov. is described. Additionally, we recognize two other species of the Lachninae as members of this genus: Sinolachnus plurisensoriatus (Zhang,
1988
) comb. nov. (= Cinara plurisensoriata Zhang,
1988
) from China, and Sinolachnus rubi (Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1972) comb. nov. (= Maculolachnus rubi Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1972) from India. We have designated the lectotype for Sinolachnus niitakayamensis. For the first time, we have provided scanning electron microscopy analyses to show the morphology and sensilla of this genus. Following comparative analyses with other Tuberolachnini and Lachninae genera, we propose to transfer the genus Sinolachnus from the tribe Tuberolachnini to the Tramini.
http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ED1A226C-6DEA-4F17-9669-1D2E33E86566
Matsumura, 1917 is a small aphid genus from the tribe Tuberolachnini (Hemiptera: Lachninae) occurring in Southeast Asia. Species from this genus are quite characteristic and stand out among lachnids ...for their morphology and ecological associations. We have performed a revision and phylogenetic analyses to elucidate the relationships within
and other representatives of Tuberolachnini. Here, the taxonomy of the genus is revised based on morphological data to include seven species, three of them newly described:
.
. from India,
.
. from China, and
.
. from Indonesia.
appear to be non monophyletic genus and a new genus,
.
., is described to accommodate
(van der Goot, 1917) as
(van der Goot, 1917)
.
. The new genus is a sister group to the remaining
species, which created a monophyletic clade.
Shinji, 1924
.
. is recognised as a synonym of
, and
Shinji, 1924
.
. as a synonym of
Shinji, 1924. For the first time, a scanning electron microscopy study of the sexual generation of
Matsumura, 1917 has been performed. Apterous and alate viviparous females of
Basu and Hille Ris Lambers, 1968,
, and
, and alate viviparous females of
Zhang and Zhong, 1982 are re-described and illustrated, as well as apterous and alate viviparous females of
.
. Hitherto unknown morphs of
,
, and
are described. A lectotype and paralectotypes of N. x
are designated herein. Notes on distribution and host plants are given, and keys to apterous and alate viviparous females of the genera
and
are also provided.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The complete mitochondrial genomes and their rearrangement patterns can provide useful information for inferring evolutionary history of organisms. Aphids are one of the insect groups with some ...unique mitogenome features. In this study, to examine whether some features in aphid mitogenomes are independent species-specific evolutionary events or clade-specific events at certain taxonomic levels, we sequenced three new aphid mitogenomes (Hormaphidinae: Ceratovacuna keduensis, Pseudoregma panicola; Lachninae: Nippolachnus piri) and compared them with all known aphid mitogenomes. The three mitogenomes are 16,059–17,033 bp in length, with a set of 37 typical mitochondrial genes, a non-coding control region and a tandem repeat region. The gene orders of them are all highly rearranged. Within the subfamily Hormaphidinae, the presence of repeat region and mitogenome rearrangement in Cerataphidini species but not in the other two tribes indicate that these may be Cerataphidini-specific features. The same gene rearrangement pattern in the two Lachninae species, N. piri (Tuberolachnini) and Stomaphis sinisalicis (Stomaphidini), supports that this feature should be at least derived from the common ancestor of two tribes. Overall, our data and analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary patterns of gene rearrangement and repeat region in aphid mitogenomes, and further corroborate the potential role of gene rearrangement in elucidating the evolutionary history of different insect lineages.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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