Western bean cutworm, Striacosta albicosta (Smith), has undergone a recent eastward expansion from the western U.S. Corn Belt to Pennsylvania and parts of Canada. Little is known about its ecology ...and behavior, particularly during the early instars, on corn (Zea mays L.). There is a narrow treatment window for larvae, and early detection of the pest in the field is essential. An understanding of western bean cutworm larval feeding and early-instar dispersal is essential to understand larval survival and establishment in corn. Studies were conducted in 2009 through 2011 in Nebraska to determine the feeding and dispersal of early-instar western bean cutworm on corn. The treatment design was a factorial with three corn stages (pretassel, tassel, and posttassel) and five corn plant zones (tassel, above ear, primary ear, secondary ear, and below ear) in a randomized complete block design. The effects of different corn tissues on larval survival and development were investigated in laboratory studies in a randomized complete block design during 2009 and 2011. Treatments were different corn tissues (leaf alone, leaf with developing tassel, pollen, pollen plus silk, and silk alone). Results demonstrated that neonate larvae move to the upper part of the plant, independent of corn stage. Larval growth was optimal when fed on tassel tissue. Overall results indicated a selective benefit for movement of the early instar to upper part of the plant.
This work presents a list of species of the genus Eugoa known until January 2015 and their systematic classification, followed by a species, which were excluded from this genus and transferred to ...other genera. There are also mentioned species whose inclusion in the genus Eugoa or occurrence in certain areas is questionable or unclear. Totally are listed here 109 species and three subspecies of this genus, whose status is clear. Most of them occur in Asia (from India through Nepal and China to Japan, the entire south east Asia to Australia), six species are known from Africa. Philenora vasta (VAN EECKE, 1926) nov.comb. ex Eugoa; Eugoa simonae BUCSEK, 2008 is nov.syn. of Eugoa hainanensis FANG, 2000, Eugoa bipunctata formosicola MATSUMURA, 1927 is nov. syn. of cesaneki BUCSEK, 2008.Original Abstract: Diese Arbeit beinhaltet die systematische Artenliste der Gattung Eugoa WALKER, 1858 zum Stand der Kenntnis Januar 2015. Es folgen Arten die in andere genera neu kombiniert werden und Arten werden angefuhrt deren Stellung in der Gattung oder deren Vorkommen fraglich ist. Die Liste enthalt 109 species und 3 subspecies mit geklartem Status. Das Vorkommen der meisten Arten erstreckt sich von Indien durch Nepal und China bis Japan, Sudostasien bis Australien, sechs Arten sind aus Afrika bekannt. Philenora vasta (VAN EECKE, 1926) nov.comb. ex Eugoa; Eugoa simonae BUCSEK, 2008 ist nov.syn. zu Eugoa hainanensis FANG, 2000, Eugoa bipunctata formosicola MATSUMURA, 1927 ist nov. syn. zu cesaneki BUCSEK, 2008.
Six new species of the Genus Cyana WALKER, 1854 from South-East Asia are described and figured: Cyana jakli nov.sp. from Borneo is similar to Cyana barisana ROSLER & KUPPERS, 1976 but related to ...Cyana determinata WALKER, (1862) (HT male in CMWM); Cyana kubani nov.sp. from Vietnam is similar to Cyana gazella MOORE, (1872) from the East Himalaya, North Thailand and North Vietnam (HT male in CMWM); Cyana seismo-grammica nov.sp. from Timor is similar and related to Cyana pitana MOORE, (1859) from Java and Bali (HT male in CMWM); Cyana centripuncta nov.sp. from Vietnam and Cambodia is specific and can not be cofused with other species (HT female in CMWM); Cyana sumbawensis nov.sp. from Sumbawa is similar and related to Cyana vespertata CERNY, (1993) (HT male in CMWM) from the South-East Philippines (HT male in CMWM) and Cyana succincta nov.sp. from North Vietnam is similar and related to Cyana detrita WALKER, 1854 from Himalaya and Nepal (HT male in CMWM).Original Abstract: Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Cyana WALKER, 1854 aus Sud-Ost-Asien werden beschrie-ben und abgebildet: Cyana jakli nov.sp. aus Borneo ist ahnlich der Cyana barisana ROSLER & KUPPERS, 1976, aber verwandt mit Cyana determinata WALKER, (1862); Cyana kubani nov.sp. aus Vietnam ist ahnlich der Cyana gazella MOORE, (1872) aus Ost Himalaya, Nord Thailand und Nord Vietnam; Cyana seismogrammica nov.sp. aus Timor ist ahnlich und verwandt mit Cyana pitana MOORE, (1859) aus Java und Bali; Cyana centripuncta nov.sp. aus Vietnam und Kambodscha ist keiner anderen bekannten Art ahnlich und kann nicht verwechselt werden; Cyana sumbawensis nov.sp. aus Sumbawa ist ahnlich und verwandt mit Cyana vespertata CERNY, (1993) aus den Sud-Ost Philippinen und Cyana succincta nov.sp. aus Nord Vietnam ist ahnlich und verwandt mit Cyana detrita WALKER, 1854 aus dem Himalaya und Nepal.
The species group Euchera HUBNER, 1826 1816, rev.stat. (= Stibolepis BUTLER, 1878), rev.syn. is rejected from the Phiala WALLENGREN, 1860, and considered as an own genus including 3 species. Two new ...combinations are established: Euchera fervidaria (FABRICIUS, 1787) nov.comb., and Euchera albida (PLOTZ, 1880) nov.comb. The following new synonymies here are established: Euchera fervidaria (FABRICIUS, 1787), = Stibolepis nivea BUTLER, 1878, nov.syn., = Phiala (Stibilepis) ochriventris STRAND, 1911, nov.syn., and Euchera albida (PLOTZ, 1880) = Stibolepis abluta HOLLAND, 1893, nov.syn. The male lectotype is designated for Phalaena fervidaria FABRICIUS, 1787 from the BMNH collection.Original Abstract: Die Artengruppe Euchera HUBNER, 1826 1816, rev.stat. (= Stibolepis BUTLER, 1878), rev.syn., wird aus der Gattung Phiala WALLENGREN, 1860 als eigene Gattung mit 3 Arten ausgegliedert. Folgende Neukombinationen erfolgen: Euchera fervidaria (FABRICIUS, 1787) nov.comb., and Euchera albida (PLOTZ, 1880) nov.comb. Folgende neue Synonyme werden geschaffen: Euchera fervidaria (FABRICIUS, 1787), = Stibolepis nivea BUTLER, 1878, nov. syn., = Phiala (Stibilepis) ochriventris STRAND, 1911, nov.syn., and Euchera albida (PLOTZ, 1880) = Stibolepis abluta HOLLAND, 1893, nov.syn. Fur Phalaena fervidaria FABRICIUS, 1787 wird der mannliche Lectotypus aus der Sammlung des BMNH designiert.
The larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella are increasingly used (i) as mini-hosts to study pathogenesis and virulence factors of prominent bacterial and fungal human pathogens, (ii) as a ...whole-animal high throughput infection system for testing pathogen mutant libraries, and (iii) as a reliable host model to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics against human pathogens. In order to compensate for the lack of genomic information in Galleria, we subjected the transcriptome of different developmental stages and immune-challenged larvae to next generation sequencing.
We performed a Galleria transcriptome characterization on the Roche 454-FLX platform combined with traditional Sanger sequencing to obtain a comprehensive transcriptome. To maximize sequence diversity, we pooled RNA extracted from different developmental stages, larval tissues including hemocytes, and from immune-challenged larvae and normalized the cDNA pool. We generated a total of 789,105 pyrosequencing and 12,032 high-quality Sanger EST sequences which clustered into 18,690 contigs with an average length of 1,132 bases. Approximately 40% of the ESTs were significantly similar (E ≤ e-03) to proteins of other insects, of which 45% have a reported function. We identified a large number of genes encoding proteins with established functions in immunity related sensing of microbial signatures and signaling, as well as effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides and inhibitors of microbial proteinases. In addition, we found genes known as mediators of melanization or contributing to stress responses. Using the transcriptomic data, we identified hemolymph peptides and proteins induced upon immune challenge by 2D-gelelectrophoresis combined with mass spectrometric analysis.
Here, we have developed extensive transcriptomic resources for Galleria. The data obtained is rich in gene transcripts related to immunity, expanding remarkably our knowledge about immune and stress-inducible genes in Galleria and providing the complete sequences of genes whose primary structure have only partially been characterized using proteomic methods. The generated data provide for the first time access to the genetic architecture of immunity in this model host, allowing us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogen and parasite response and detailed analyses of both its immune responses against human pathogens, and its coevolution with entomopathogens.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim This study aims to realize the automatic insect image recognition by exploring the state-of-art computer vision technology. Methods The captured insect image was first preprocessed to remove the ...background and get the foreground mask. The minimum bounding box of the foreground was computed and the valid foreground region was cut out accordingly. The features on this valid region were extracted. The color name feature was extracted firstly. The pixels on original RGB (Red-Green-Blue) image were mapped to 11 color name planes, where the value represented the probability of the RGB value belonging to particular color name. Each color name plane was divided into blocks of 3x3 pixels. The average probability in each block was calculated and 11 values from 11 color name planes formed the descriptor of the center pixel in the grid. Finally, the bag-of-visual word features for color name descriptors were generated by histogram statistics on spatial pyramid. For OpponentSIFT (Opponent Scale Invariant FeatureTr
Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera Mitter, Charles; Davis, Donald R; Cummings, Michael P
Annual review of entomology,
01/2017, Letnik:
62, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Until recently, deep-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera, the largest single radiation of plant-feeding insects, was very poorly understood. Over the past two decades, building on a preceding era of ...morphological cladistic studies, molecular data have yielded robust initial estimates of relationships both within and among the ∼43 superfamilies, with unsolved problems now yielding to much larger data sets from high-throughput sequencing. Here we summarize progress on lepidopteran phylogeny since 1975, emphasizing the superfamily level, and discuss some resulting advances in our understanding of lepidopteran evolution.
Chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide as novel commercial insecticides could control almost all economically important lepidopteran insects and a number of key pests in vegetables and rice. At ...present, no researches were focused on the comparative uptake of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide in protected rice plants. Uptake of chlorantraniliprole or flubendiamide was investigated through hydroponic experiment or foliar absorption experiments. The results indicated that chlorantraniliprole had uptake character in rice plants and could only transport upward in the rice plant while flubendiamide had no uptake character in rice plants.Their uptake characteristic are a factor in determining their actions and toxicology,enrichment parts of the protected rice plants, persistence, metabolic processes and residual dynamics in protected rice plants.
Non-English title Barbar, Aline; Cusson, Michel
Biotechnologie, agronomie, société et environnement,
01/2014, Letnik:
18, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Short-chain prenyltransferases (farnesyl diphosphate synthase FPPS and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase GGPPS) and protein-prenyltransferases (farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase) ...are enzyme families involved in the synthesis of C sub( 15) and C sub( 20) prenyl moieties and in their attachment to the carboxyl-termini of a variety of eukaryotic proteins, respectively. Given that protein prenylation is an important post-translational modification essential for the localization and activation of many proteins, these enzymes have been the focus of many studies in mammals, with a view to developing new therapeutic tools for the treatment of cancer. In insects, only FPPS and GGPPS have been characterized to date. FPPS displays unique features in the Lepidoptera, thereby making it a potential target for the development of bio-rational insecticides that can disrupt key pathways, such as juvenile hormone biosynthesis and protein prenylation. Further characterization of insect FPPS and GGPPS, and biochemical investigations of insect protein-prenyltransferases may provide the foundation for the development of bio-rational insecticides targeting protein prenylation.
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