Recording or assessing a wide canvas of concurrently running events is difficult, as a crisis and the international response to it develop in stages. This work sets out to record the environment of ...the Cotonou Agreement by interviewing officials in situ while the past was still fresh.
Jährlich seit 1848 halten die liberianischen Präsidenten vor dem Parlament eine Rede zur Lage der Nation, in der sich die jeweils aktuelle politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und ethno-kulturelle ...Situation des Landes facettenreich widerspiegelt. Liberia, der erste und über ein Jahrhundert der einzige freie Staates Schwarzafrikas, wurde 1847 mit Unterstützung der American Colonization Society von freigelassenen Sklaven nach Vorbild des US-amerikanischen politischen Systems gegründet.Mit den Annual Messages of the Presidents of Liberia to the National Legislature 1848 - 2010 liegen diese Dokumente, die in zahlreichen amerikanischen und afrikanischen Archiven verstreut sind, erstmals in einer Edition vor. Ergänzt werden die 146 Reden durch Biographien der Präsidenten sowie eine wissenschaftlichen Einleitung des Herausgebers. Die Edition stellt eine erstrangige Quelle zur Geschichte und Politik Afrikas der letzten 160 Jahre dar.Every year since 1848 the Liberian president has delivered a state of the nation speech to parliament, reflecting in detail the country's current political, social, economic and ethno-cultural situation. Liberia, the first and for over one hundred years, the only independent state in black Africa, was founded in 1847 by freed slaves with the assistance of the American Colonization Society looking to the political system of the USA as an example.The Annual Messages of the Presidents of Liberia to the National Legislature 1848 - 2010presents these documents, which are scattered in numerous American and African archives, for the first time in single publication. The 146 speeches are supplemented by biographies of the presidents and a scholarly introduction by the editor.This publication represents a first-class source on African history and politics of the last 160 years.D. Elwood Dunn, University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, USA.
At the request of the Government of Liberia (GoL), the IMF Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) led an external assessment of the central government's public financial management (PFM) systems based on ...the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) methodology. The assessment was undertaken in close collaboration with the Ministry of Finance's (MoF) PFM Reform Coordination Unit (RCU), with the participation of staff of the African Development Bank and the World Bank, and with financial support from the European Union and Sida. The assessment examines progress since the PEFA assessment of 2007 and provides a renewed baseline for monitoring progress in PFM reform and for supporting the GoL in refining, where necessary, the current PFM reform strategy. The assessment snapshot date was April 23, 2012. The report was reviewed by the GoL, the PEFA Secretariat, a donor reference group, and FAD, the latter being at the same time responsible for quality assurance.
During the Cold War ideological and politico-military rivalries mostly dictated the actions of the competing blocs, including their involvement in foreign conflicts. In Africa for instance, the ...East-West rivalry of the time not only fuelled conflicts but also appeared to undermine the use of diplomacy as a tool for peacemaking and conflict resolution. With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the demise of the Soviet Union however, there was a transformation of the conflict arena in the continent, which presented new opportunities and threats. This therefore raises a fundamental question of how the end of the Cold War has affected the character of conflicts and their successful management in Africa. Using Liberia and Somalia as case studies, Post-Cold War Conflicts in Africa analyses how the post Cold War conflicts in these two countries and their management differed from what they would have been during the Cold War era. It shows for instance that while in Liberia the major powers appeared content to cede the management of the conflict to the sub-regional group, ECOMOG, in Somalia, the conflict appeared to be turned into an arena for simple military experiment without any of the old Cold War ideological rivalries playing any role in its trajectory or management. The book argues that the end of the Cold War offers an opportunity for the successful use of a new approach to conflict management in the continent, which would be anchored on traditional African diplomacy. This new approach would involve a triumvirate of eminent men and women from the continent, regional peacekeeping forces, and the warring factions themselves working in concert to replace the rifle with 'talking till every one agrees'
Response to the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa overwhelmed the healthcare systems of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, reducing access to health services for diagnosis and treatment for the ...major diseases that are endemic to the region: malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. To estimate the repercussions of the Ebola outbreak on the populations at risk for these diseases, we developed computational models for disease transmission and infection progression. We estimated that a 50% reduction in access to healthcare services during the Ebola outbreak exacerbated malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis mortality rates by additional death counts of 6,269 (2,564-12,407) in Guinea; 1,535 (522-2,8780) in Liberia; and 2,819 (844-4,844) in Sierra Leone. The 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak was catastrophic in these countries, and its indirect impact of increasing the mortality rates of other diseases was also substantial.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ebola and Its Control in Liberia, 2014-2015 Nyenswah, Tolbert G; Kateh, Francis; Bawo, Luke ...
Emerging infectious diseases,
02/2016, Letnik:
22, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The severe epidemic of Ebola virus disease in Liberia started in March 2014. On May 9, 2015, the World Health Organization declared Liberia free of Ebola, 42 days after safe burial of the last known ...case-patient. However, another 6 cases occurred during June-July; on September 3, 2015, the country was again declared free of Ebola. Liberia had by then reported 10,672 cases of Ebola and 4,808 deaths, 37.0% and 42.6%, respectively, of the 28,103 cases and 11,290 deaths reported from the 3 countries that were heavily affected at that time. Essential components of the response included government leadership and sense of urgency, coordinated international assistance, sound technical work, flexibility guided by epidemiologic data, transparency and effective communication, and efforts by communities themselves. Priorities after the epidemic include surveillance in case of resurgence, restoration of health services, infection control in healthcare settings, and strengthening of basic public health systems.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To derive and validate internally a novel risk assessment tool to identify young children at risk for all-cause mortality ≤60 days of discharge from hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa.
We performed a ...prospective observational cohort study of children aged 1-59 months discharged from Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Monrovia, Liberia (2019-2022). Caregivers received telephone calls up to 60 days after discharge to ascertain participant vital status. We collected socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data during hospitalization. Candidate variables with P < .20 in bivariate analyses were included in a multivariable logistic regression model with best subset selection to identify risk factors for the outcome. We internally validated our tool using bootstrapping with 500 repetitions.
There were 1933 young children enrolled in the study. The median (IQR) age was 11 (4, 23) months and 58.7% were males. In total, 67 (3.5%) died during follow-up. Ten variables contributed to our tool (total possible score 82). Cancer (aOR 10.6, 95% CI 2.58, 34.6), pedal edema (aOR 6.94, 95% CI 1.69, 22.6), and leaving against medical advice (aOR 6.46, 95% CI 2.46, 15.3) were most predictive of post-discharge mortality. Our risk assessment tool demonstrated good discriminatory value (optimism corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.77), high precision, and sufficient calibration.
After validation, this tool may be used to identify young children at risk for post-discharge mortality to direct resources for follow-up of high-risk children.
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