Background and Objectives
The powder of dried Macrolepiota procera was used in gluten‐free (GF) Turkish noodle production by substituting rice flour (RF), in the ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% for ...the fortification of traditional egg pasta (erişte).
Findings
Cooking was responsible for decreasing brightness, redness‐blueness, and hardness in all samples when compared to unboiled ones. Declines in the amount of RF in formulation enhanced ash (from 0.749% to 1.247%), protein (from 12.688% to 18.063%), mineral, total phenolics (from 322.368 to 692.982 mg gallic acid equivalent) and antioxidant activity by DPPH (from 2.390 to 20.049 μmol Trolox equivalent TE) and FRAP (from 0.713 to 16.350 μmol TE); however, moisture (from 10.831% to 10.208%), crude fat (from 4.515% to 3.231%) and total carbohydrate amounts (from 71.217% to 67.251%) lowered. The starch gelatinization enthalpies of GF erişte specimens including 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% M. procera powder were 297.840, 293.670, 254.520, and 230.560 J/g, respectively.
Conclusions
Enriched noodles gave very similar overall acceptability scores compared to control.
Significance and Novelty
This research offers an innovative and alternative food product for celiac patients and gluten intolerant individuals as well as people who have begun to consume foods involving no gluten.
The present study is the first to report Xylaria karsticola isolated from the basidiocarp of Macrolepiota procera (Basidiomycota), from Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria and second report for such ...species found in Europe. The fungal isolate was in vitro cultivated and the morphology was observed. It was primarily determined as a xylariaceous morphotype at the intragenus level, based on the evaluation of colony growth rate, color, and stromatic structure formation and was confirmed by unique conidiophores and conidia. The molecular identification of the isolate was performed by amplification of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the strain was identified as Xylaria karsticola with 97.57% of confidence. The obtained sequence was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number MW996752 and in the National Bank of Industrial Microorganisms and Cell Cultures of Bulgaria under accession number NBIMCC 9097. The phylogenetic analysis of the isolate was also conducted by including 26 sequences obtained from different Xylaria isolates. Considering the phylogenetic data, X. karsticola NBIMCC 9097 was grouped along with other X. karsticola isolates, although the DNA sequence of the novel X. karsticola was rather distantly related to the other X. karsticola sequence data. The results were supported by the bootstrap analysis (100%) and indicated the different origin of the examined X. karsticola NBIMCC 9097.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•We evaluated the antioxidant activity and metal concentrations of mushrooms.•L. perlatum and G. clavatus showed high antioxidant activity.•L. perlatum exceeded the legal limits for Pb, Fe, Mn, Cr, ...Ni, and Co.
This study presents information on the antioxidant activity and heavy metal concentrations of Polyporus sulphureus, Macrolepiota procera, Lycoperdon perlatum and Gomphus clavatus mushrooms collected from the province of Mugla in the South-Aegean Region of Turkey. Antioxidant activities of mushroom samples were evaluated by four complementary tests. All tests showed L. perlatum and G. clavatus to possess extremely high antioxidant potential. Antioxidant activity of the samples was strongly correlated with total phenolic-flavonoid content. In terms of heavy metal content, L. perlatum exceeded the legal limits for daily intake of Pb, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Co contents (0.461, 738.00, 14.52, 1.27, 1.65, 0.417mg/day, respectively) by a 60-kg consumer. Co contents of M. procera (0.026mg/day) and P. sulphureus (0.030mg/day) and Cd contents of G. clavatus (0.071mg/day) were also above the legal limits. According to these results, L. perlatum should not be consumed, despite the potentially beneficial antioxidant activity. Additionally, M. procera and G. clavatus should not be consumed daily due to their high levels of Cd and Co.
Tumor metabolism, an emerging hallmark of cancer, is characterized by aberrant expression of enzymes from various metabolic pathways including glycolysis and PPP (pentose phosphate pathway). Glucose ...6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), oxidative carboxylases of PPP, have been reported to accomplish different biosynthetic and energy requirements of cancer cells. G6PD and 6PGD have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy during recent years due to their overexpression in various cancers. Here, we have employed enzymatic assay based screening using in-house G6PD and 6PGD assay protocols for the identification of mushroom extracts which could inhibit G6PD or 6PGD enzymatic activity for implications in cancer therapy. For the fulfillment of the objectives of present study, nine edible mushrooms were subjected to green extraction for preparation of ethanolic extracts. 6xhis-G6PD and pET-28a-h6PGD plasmids were expressed in BL21-DE3 E. coli cells for the expression and purification of protein of interests. Using purified proteins, in house enzymatic assay protocols were established. The preliminary screening identified two extracts (Macrolepiota procera and Terfezia boudieri) as potent and selective G6PD inhibitors, while no extract was found highly active against 6PGD. Further, evaluation of anticancer potential of mushroom extracts against lung cancer cells revealed Macrolepiota procera as potential inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation with IC50 value of 6.18 μg/ml. Finally, screening of M. procera-derived compounds against G6PD via molecular docking has identified paraben, quercetin and syringic acid as virtual hit compounds possessing good binding affinity with G6PD. The result of present study provides novel findings for possible mechanism of action of M. procera extract against A549 via G6PD inhibition suggesting that M. procera might be of therapeutic interest for lung cancer treatment.
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of two wild edible mushrooms, the honey fungus (
and the parasol mushroom (
, collected ...from Northern Morocco (MA) and Portugal (PT). Those species were chosen due to their edibility, nutraceutical, and medicinal properties. Bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, tannin, total phenolic, total flavonoid, β-carotene, and lycopene) and their antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Herein, the fruiting body of the samples revealed a significantly higher amount of bioactive compounds, and values varied between the Moroccan and the Portuguese ones. Methanolic extracts shown a strong antioxidant capacity: Using DPPH free radical-scavenging activity radicals (IC
1.06-1.32 mg/mL); inhibition of β-carotene bleaching radicals (IC
0.09-0.53 mg/mL); and, reducing power radicals (IC
0.52-1.11 mg/mL). The mushroom species with the highest antioxidant capacity was
from MA. Chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS methodologies. GC-MS analysis showed that the most abundant biomolecules group was sugar compositions in the four samples (62.90%, 48.93%, 59.00%, and 53.71%) and the main components were galactitol 16.74%, petroselinic acid 19.83%, d-galactose 38.43%, and glycerol 24.43% in
(MA),
(PT),
(MA), and
(PT), respectively. LC-MS analysis of individual phenolic compounds revealed that vanillic acid (198.40 ± 2.82 µg/g dry weight (dw) and cinnamic acid (155.20 ± 0.97 µg/g dw) were the main compounds detected in
, while protocatechuic acid (92.52 ± 0.45 and 125.50 ± 0.89 µg/g dw) was predominated in
for MA and PT samples, respectively. In general, the results of this comparative study demonstrate that the geographic and climatic conditions of the collection site can influence biomolecule compounds and antioxidant properties of wild mushrooms. This study contributes to the elaboration of nutritional, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical databases of the worldwide consumed mushrooms.
The content of selected elements (Ag, Al, and Zn) in wild edible Parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera Scop. Singer) collected from five sites in Slovakia – Lazy pod Makytou, Lozorno, Nemečky, ...Tesáre, and Zbyňov was investigated. The element analysis was determined using the ICP-OES method. The average concentrations of Ag, Al, and Zn in M. procera caps ranged as follows: 0.41 – 3.23, 16.6 – 113, and 73.4 – 111 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Also, Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the correlations between Parasol mushroom caps and stems in the content of Ag, Al, and Zn. Subsequently, the obtained data on the content of the monitored elements in M. procera caps were used for the evaluation of health risks arising from the consumption of M. procera. Although mushrooms are an important part of the diet, they are consumed mainly as a seasonal delicacy therefore, the intake of the monitored elements from the consumption of M. procera may be limited. Regular and long-term consumption of M. procera caps from investigated sites does not pose any health risks to the consumers.
Eight edible macrofungal species (Suillus collinitus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Lactarius sanguifluus, Lycoperdon molle, Ganoderma adspersum, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Lycoperdon perlatum, Macrolepiota ...procera) grown in Osmaniye were studied. Besides the evaluation of fresh forms, the mushrooms were dried at 40 °C, and the color, texture, protein and mineral contents, and bioactivities (total phenolic content, (TPC) and antioxidant activities by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS techniques) were determined. The protein, macro and micro mineral contents of dried samples were in range of 11.31–55.31 %, 132.75–50844.80 and 0.30–812.05 mg/kg, respectively. TPC of fresh samples were 10227.13–42216.89 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg dry matter (DM) in methanolic solution, 3625.31–28809.99 mg GAE/kg DM in ethanolic solution, and decreased by drying process. ABTS method yielded higher results in fresh specimens, however, DPPH method in ethanol and FRAP method in methanol were the superior in dried forms.
•Gamma irradiation caused minor changes in Macrolepiota procera processed samples.•Gamma irradiation attenuated the effects caused by oven-drying and freezing.•Gamma irradiation could be used as ...conservation technology.•It might also act as a useful adjuvant to other conservation techniques.
It was previously demonstrated that gamma irradiation was the processing technology with the highest capacity to maintain the chemical profile of fresh Macrolepiota procera wild mushroom, when compared to freeze-dried or oven-dried samples. Herein, it was aimed to evaluate gamma irradiation effects on processed samples. Chemical composition and antioxidant potential of irradiated (0.5 and 1kGy) fresh, frozen and dried samples were determined by chromatographic techniques and in vitro assays, respectively. M. procera irradiation attenuated the effects caused by oven-drying or freezing; combining freeze treatment with 0.5kGy dose preserved total tocopherols. Rather than a conservation methodology, gamma irradiation might act as a useful adjuvant to other conservation techniques (e.g., freezing or oven-drying).
Mushrooms are very perishable foods, demanding for processing technologies that retain chemical and nutritional characteristics of fresh forms. In this work, the influence of freezing, drying and ...gamma irradiation on chemical parameters and antioxidant potential of Macrolepiota procera was assessed through one-way ANOVA complemented with principal component analysis. Proximate composition was evaluated by AOAC procedures, while fatty acids, tocopherols and free sugars were determined using chromatographic techniques. Antioxidant activity was measured using in vitro assays. M. procera samples have low energetic values, with moisture and carbohydrates as major nutrients. Linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids were the major fatty acids; δ-tocopherol was the prevalent isoform in fresh, frozen and irradiated samples, while β-tocopherol predominated in dried samples. Trehalose was the most abundant sugar in fresh and irradiated samples, whereas mannitol predominated in frozen and dried samples. Dried samples gave higher DPPH scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching inhibition; freeze and irradiated samples showed higher reducing power and TBARS formation inhibition, respectively. Overall, freezing and drying caused significant differences in chemical parameters. On the other hand, gamma irradiation revealed the highest capacity to retain chemical profile of fresh samples, which highlights its potential to be explored and validated as an alternative conservation methodology.
•Different processing technologies were applied to Macrolepiota procera samples.•Freezing and drying caused significant differences in chemical parameters.•Gamma irradiation retained the chemical profile of fresh samples.
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