Aims
The New Zealand National Intestinal Failure and Rehabilitation Service (NZ‐NIFRS) was established in October 2015 to gather longitudinal data on the aetiology, clinical course and outcomes of ...children with intestinal failure (IF). One main objective is to achieve health equity for patients with IF in NZ.
Methods
Clinical outcomes (enteral autonomy, parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence, death or intestinal transplantation) for IF patients diagnosed from October 2015 to 2018 were analysed; comparisons were made by ethnicity and socio‐economic status (SES) using published ‘prioritised‐ethnicity’ health data and the NZ index of deprivation, respectively. The Cox proportional‐hazards model was used to assess time to enteral autonomy.
Results
Of the 208 patients (55.77% male, 43.75% preterm), 170 (81.73%) achieved enteral autonomy and 14 (6.73%) remained PN dependent. Pacific and Māori children accounted for 12.98% and 27.88% of the patient cohort, respectively, compared to 9.46% and 25.65% of the NZ paediatric population. More significantly, IF patients with a high NZ socio‐economic deprivation score were overrepresented, with 35.92% in the highest deprivation quintile and 10.19% in the least deprived quintile, compared to 23.53% and 20.31%, respectively, of the NZ paediatric population. There were no significant differences in primary clinical outcomes for any patients based on ethnicity or SES.
Conclusion
While disparities in ethnicity and social deprivation do exist in the incidence of IF in NZ children, clinical outcomes are similar for children regardless of ethnicity or SES. NZ‐NIFRS has achieved one of its core objectives: to achieve health equity for all patients with IF nationwide.
Points out the restrictions on Māori control of the reserves that were provided in land purchases of the 19th century. Explores the challenges for the local Māori communities, in this case the hapū ...of Te Whanganui-a-Orotu, in using a reserve provided from the 1851 Ahuriri purchase in Hawke's Bay. Shows that local government (Napier City Council and the Napier Harbour Board), ignored the promises made in the Ahuriri purchase. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
In 2019, the Māori Appellate Court in Moke v Trustees of Ngāti TarāwhaiIwi Trust held that the Māori Land Court (MLC) has jurisdiction over common law trusts established as post-settlement governance ...entities (PSGEs). In this article, I argue that while
the Court's reasoning in Moke was unsound, the decision was never- theless a positive development because it gave PSGEs a choice of forum for administering their lands and resolving disputes. Prior to Moke, PSGEs generally assumed that they were supervised by the High Court alone.
While Moke affirmed the MLC's jurisdiction, the Court's reasoning is difficult to reconcile with Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993 and existing case law. Nevertheless, it is desirable for PSGEs to be able to access the MLC. For smaller, less sophis- ticated PSGEs, the MLC is more effective
than the High Court at facilitating dispute resolution in a manner consistent with tikanga Māori and helping the PSGE realise its aspirations with regard to its settlement lands. However, for larger, more sophisticated PSGEs, the High Court can better promote commercial efficiency. Given
that a diverse range of PSGEs operate in the post-Treaty-settlement era, I recommend that Parliament allow some PSGEs to partially opt out of the MLC's jurisdiction if they can demonstrate sufficient capacity for self-regulation.
Hui and hui runanga, Maori decision-making gatherings, are vital in Maori constitutionalism. Hui demonstrate the practical exercise of tikanga Maori. There is a set of relatively stable Maori legal ...norms, derived from tikanga Maori, that can be seen at work in such hui-based decision-making. These norms (mana, tapu, whakapapa, whanaungatanga and rangatiratanga) serve to strengthen and demonstrate group processes. They arguably do not establish merely optional guidelines for group behaviour; they can serve to constrain decision-making. A case study set in a hui in a modern Maori urban context serves to demonstrate the exercise of such Maori legal norms in civic decision-making.
Introduction: With the arrival of Europeans in Aotearoa New Zealand came a familial kinship structure and ideas of caring and nurturing children different from that of indigenous Maori society. ...Europeans brought with them a practice of adoption, a concept that differed from the indigenous kinship practice of whangai. This led to misunderstandings between the two cultures about care arrangements, particularly when a Maori child was left with a European couple. Even the reasons why Maori engaged in this type of arrangement was often not fully understood by Europeans. For Maori, these arrangements were usually temporary, while Europeans considered them to be permanent. Hence, we have the beginning of the challenges that contributed to the creation of the 1881 Adoption of Infants Act, a first within the British Empire.
Approach: This article begins with a description of the Maori practice of whangai and the European practice of adoption preceding the 1881 act, highlighting the key differences between each-the most significant difference being the European idea of permanent and the Maori idea of temporary care arrangements.
Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence is rising globally; however, indigenous groups are underrepresented. Waikato, New Zealand, is a large region with a high proportion of ...Māori patients. In Canterbury in 2006, 1% of patients with IBD were Māori. We investigated the incidence and prevalence of IBD in Waikato over 10 years.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study assessing the incidence and prevalence of IBD between 2009 and 2019. The search strategy included pathology, radiology, Provation, ICD‐10 coding and private clinics, using the keywords: Crohn's, Crohn, ileitis, colitis, ulcerative, inflammatory bowel disease and IBD. Collected data included current age and age at diagnosis, sex, ethnicity and IBD subtype.
Results
The IBD point prevalence on 31 December 2019 was 375.6/100 000 compared with 293.6/100 000 in 2010, increasing by 27.9%. The annualised incidence was static from 21.5/100 000 in 2010 to 17.5/100 000 in 2019. Female patients comprised 53.3% of the cohort. Ulcerative colitis (UC) made up 54.2% of cases, 43.8% had Crohn disease (CD) and 2.0% had indeterminate colitis. Sixty (3.7%) patients identified as Māori. In non‐Māori patients, the average age at diagnosis was 36.2 years, compared with 33.0 years in Māori patients (P = 0.11). In Māori patients, 53.3% had UC and 45.0% had CD. Thirty‐five percent of Māori patients lived 50 km or more from base hospital, compared with 41% of non‐Māori patients (P = 0.33).
Conclusion
IBD prevalence has increased substantially; however, the incidence has remained static. Māori IBD rates are higher than previously reported, in keeping with international indigenous trends. Māori patients were diagnosed at a similar age as non‐Māori patients, with similar disease subtypes.
This article draws upon a comparative sociological and criminological project into criminal justice processes and interactions with Maori and Samoan youth, whanau/aiga (family) and communities in ...three jurisdictions: Aotearoa/New Zealand, the United States and Australia. It outlines and then examines some of the limits of the official youth and juvenile justice statistics from these jurisdictions to foreground the discussion of the Indigenous research approaches used in our study. In particular, we explore the ways research on the understanding and experiences of the communities and the narratives of participants has built a critical understanding of youth justice that extends beyond the official state pictures of Maori and Samoan youth and offending.
The current health reforms in Aotearoa New Zealand are being described as "transformational". Political leaders and Crown officials maintain the reforms embed a commitment to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, ...address racism and promote health equity. These claims are familiar and have been used to socialise previous health sector reforms. This paper interrogates claims of engagement with Te Tiriti by undertaking a desktop critical Tiriti analysis (CTA) of Te Pae Tata: the Interim New Zealand Health Plan. CTA follows five stages from orientation, close reading, determination, strengthening practice, to the Māori final word. The determination was done individually and a consensus was negotiated from the indicators; silent, poor, fair, good, or excellent. Te Pae Tata proactively engaged with Te Tiriti across the entirety of the plan. The authors assessed Te Tiriti elements of the preamble, kāwanatanga and tino rangatiratanga as "fair", ōritetanga as "good" and wairuatanga as "poor". Engaging more substantively with Te Tiriti requires the Crown to recognise that Māori never ceded sovereignty and treaty principles are not equivalent to the authoritative Māori text. Recommendations of the Waitangi Tribunal WAI 2575 and Haumaru reports need to be explicitly addressed to allow monitoring of progress.
