The “health emergency” forced analysts to seek new ways of continuing with analysis. The article focuses, in particular, on the changes brought about in the setting by the presence of the sanitary ...mask, following a line that begins with the theme of the “mask” in the collective uses of human cultures, and develops through the Jungian concept of persona, as opposed to the “face” that may convey an authentic image of oneself. A clinical vignette illustrates the issues that the mask raises in the setting by obstructing the communication of emotions. When there is no transformative processing of concrete data, “unmasking” can also lead to an uncanny encounter and to moments of darkness and confusion in analysis, when the analyst experiences the kind of “unconscious identity” between therapist and patient that Jung defined as nigredo. The article is intended as a contribution to the analytic community's current reflections on the new and unforeseen challenges encountered in analysis at the time of the Coronavirus. It is possible to learn from these experiences with a view to integrating new elements and thus modify one's own internal setting, the compass with which each analyst orientates himself.
‘L'urgence sanitaire’ a forcé les analystes à rechercher de nouvelles manières de poursuivre le travail analytique. Cet article met l'accent en particulier sur les changements survenus dans le cadre du fait du port du masque sanitaire; l'article suit un fil conducteur qui commence avec le thème du ‘masque’ dans les usages collectifs des cultures humaines et se poursuit avec le concept Jungien de persona, en opposition avec le ‘visage’ qui peut communiquer une image authentique de soi. Une vignette clinique illustre les problèmes que le masque soulève dans la situation analytique en entravant la communication d'émotions. Quand il n'y a pas de processus de transformation des données concrètes, ‘démasquer’ peut également mener à une rencontre étrange et à des moments de ténèbres et de confusion dans l'analyse, quand l'analyste fait l'expérience du type ‘d'identité inconsciente’ entre le thérapeute et le patient que Jung a défini comme nigredo. Cet article a pour but de contribuer aux réflexions actuelles de la communauté analytique en ce qui concerne les défis nouveaux et inattendus rencontrés dans l'analyse dans la période du Coronavirus. Il est possible de tirer des leçons de ces expériences afin d'intégrer de nouveaux éléments et ainsi de modifier notre propre cadre interne, la boussole avec laquelle chaque analyste s'oriente.
Der ‘Gesundheitsnotstand’ zwang die Analytiker, nach neuen Wegen zu suchen, um mit der Analyse fortzufahren. Der Artikel konzentriert sich insbesondere auf die Veränderungen, die das Vorhandensein der Hygienemaske in der Umgebung mit sich bringt, und folgt dabei einer Linie, die mit dem Thema der ‘Maske’ im kollektiven Gebrauch menschlicher Kulturen beginnt und entwickelt sich weiter durch das Jungianische Konzept der Persona, im Gegensatz zum ‘Gesicht’ das ein authentisches Bild von der Person selbst vermitteln kann. Eine klinische Vignette veranschaulicht die Probleme, die die Maske im Setting dadurch aufwirft, daß sie die Kommunikation von Emotionen behindert. Wenn es keine transformative Verarbeitung konkreter Daten gibt, kann die ‘Demaskierung’ auch zu einer unheimlichen Begegnung und zu Momenten der Dunkelheit und Verwirrung in der Analyse führen, wenn der Analytiker die Art ‘unbewußter Identität’ zwischen Therapeut und Patient erlebt, die Jung als Nigredo definierte . Der Artikel ist als Beitrag zu den aktuellen Überlegungen der analytischen Gemeinschaft zu den neuen und unvorhergesehenen Herausforderungen gedacht, mit denen die Analyse zur Zeit des Coronavirus konfrontiert war. Aus diesen Erfahrungen kann man lernen, neue Elemente zu integrieren und so die eigene innere Einstellung, den Kompaß, an dem sich jeder Analytiker orientiert, zu verändern.
“L'emergenza sanitaria” ha costretto gli analisti a cercare nuove modalità per proseguire l'analisi. L'articolo si sofferma, in particolare, sui cambiamenti apportati al setting dalla presenza della mascherina protettiva, seguendo una linea che parte dal tema della “maschera” negli usi collettivi nelle varie culture, per poi sviluppare il discorso tramite il concetto junghiano di persona, in contrapposizione al “volto” che può comunicare un'immagine autentica di sé. Una vignetta clinica illustra le problematiche che la mascherina ha portato nel setting, ostacolando la comunicazione delle emozioni. Quando viene a mancare una elaborazione trasformativa di dati concreti, lo “smascheramento” può aprire ad un incontro carico di angoscia ed a momenti di buio e confusione nell'analisi, in cui l'analista sperimenta quella sorta di “identità inconscia” tra terapeuta e paziente che Jung ha definito nigredo. L'articolo vuole essere un contributo alle attuali riflessioni della comunità analitica sulle nuove ed impreviste sfide incontrate in analisi al tempo del Coronavirus. Da queste esperienze è possibile trarre una visione per integrare nuovi elementi e quindi modificare il proprio setting interno, la bussola con cui ogni analista si orienta.
«Чрезвычайная ситуация в области здравоохранения» заставила аналитиков искать новые пути продолжения аналитической работы. Статья посвящена, в частности, изменениям в сеттинге, вызванным необходимостью защитной маски, и продолжает тему, начатую мотивом коллективного использования "маски" в человеческих культурах и продолженную юнгианской концепцией персоны как противоположности «лицу», которое способно передать аутентичный образ человека. Клиническая виньетка иллюстрирует проблемы, возникающие в сеттинге благодаря маске, препятствующей коммуникации эмоций. В отсутствии трансформирующей обработки конкретных данных «снятие маски» может также способствовать мистической встрече и вызвать моменты темноты и замешательства в анализе, когда аналитик переживает «бессознательное тождество» между терапевтом и пациентом, которое Юнг называл nigredo. Данная статья призвана дополнить текущие размышления аналитического сообщества о новых и непредвиденных проблемах, возникших в анализе в период распространения коронавируса. Можно извлечь уроки из этого опыта, чтобы интегрировать новые элементы и таким образом изменить свою внутреннюю установку – компас, по которому ориентируется каждый аналитик.
La “emergencia sanitaria” obligó a los analistas a buscar nuevas formas de continuar con el análisis. El artículo se centra, en particular, en los cambios provocados en el encuadre analítico por la presencia de la mascarilla sanitaria. Presenta un desarrollo a partir del tema de la “máscara” en los usos colectivos de las culturas humanas, y continúa a través del concepto junguiano de persona, en contraposición al de “rostro”, el cual puede transmitir una imagen auténtica de uno mismo. Una viñeta clínica ilustra los problemas que plantea la máscara en el entorno al obstruir la comunicación de las emociones. Cuando no hay un procesamiento transformador de los datos concretos, el “desenmascaramiento” también puede conducir a un encuentro misterioso y a momentos de oscuridad y confusión en el análisis, cuando el analista experimenta una forma de “identidad inconsciente” entre terapeuta y paciente que Jung definió como nigredo. El artículo pretende ser una contribución a las reflexiones actuales de la comunidad analítica sobre los nuevos e imprevistos desafíos encontrados en el análisis en la época del Coronavirus. Es posible aprender de estas experiencias con vistas a integrar nuevos elementos y así modificar la propia configuración interna, la brújula con la que cada analista se orienta.
新冠时代背景下的口罩与脸面
因为“健康的危机”, 分析师被迫用新的方式来持续分析的工作。这篇文章特别聚焦于集体使用“口罩”的背景而带来的改变, 并由此出发, 讨论人类文化集体使用口罩的主题, 并进而讨论了荣格关于人格面具 (persona)的概念 (相对于“脸面”而言), 应该表达更为真实的自我意象。文章用一个临床小故事说明了面具在环境中阻碍情感交流所引发的问题。当没有对具体数据进行转换处理时, "揭开面具 "也会导致怪异的遭遇, 以及分析中的黑暗和困惑时刻, 此时分析师会体验到治疗师和患者之间的那种 "无意识身份", 荣格将其定义为 "黑化"(nigredo)。冠状疫情发生之时, 分析工作遇见了新的和不可预见的挑战, 这篇文章旨在为心理分析界目前对此所做的反思做出贡献。我们有可能从这些经验中吸取教训, 融入新的元素, 从而改变自己的内部环境, 即每个分析师为自己定位的指南针。
A transparent superhydrophobic glass surface with a micro-network of nanopillars was developed via colloidal lithography and the mechanical robustness of nanopillars on surface was confirmed through ...a finger rubbing test. Display omitted
► Transparent superhydrophobic glass surface with a micro-network of nanopillars.Nanopillars are fabricated via colloidal lithography and plasma etching. ► Mechanical robustness of network of nanopillars is confirmed through a finger rubbing test. ► Size-dependent contact angle equation is proposed at high contact angle (>135°) and Bond number ≪ 1. ► Furmidge’s sliding angle equation is modified just considering static contact angle.
The wetting property of a superhydrophobic glass surface with a micro-network of nanopillars fabricated from colloidal lithography and plasma etching is investigated in this paper. The micro-network distribution of nanospheres can be modulated by diluting the nanosphere concentration and controlling the spin rate. The micro-network of nanospheres spun on the glass surface serves as a mask for nanopillars during the plasma etching process. After the fabrication, the nano-structured surface is treated with fluoroalkylsilane self-assembled monolayers to obtain superhydrophobicity. Among several spin rates, the minimum colloidal network area density from a 100nm polystyrene nanosphere solution diluted to 0.026% was found at a spin rate of 4000rpm. The sample with the lowest network area density shows a good quality of superhydrophobicity, having the highest water contact angle and the lowest sliding angle among samples with other network area densities. In particular, samples with a micro-network of pillars also showed mechanical robustness against finger rubbing. To assess the superhydrophobic behavior in-depth, a size-dependent contact angle equation is proposed for use with a high contact angle (>135°) and with a Bo (Bond number)≪1. Furmidge’s sliding angle equation is also modified; it is derived considering a static contact angle to simplify the prediction of the sliding angle. The contact and sliding angle measurements from samples with a micro-network of nanopillars show good agreement with the proposed equations.
The circulation of early films was highly ephemeral, since films were regarded as consumable, interchangeable objects. Their rapid passage through cinemas, staying for just a few days or weeks, left ...few traces that can be used to document their movement a century later. Even in the case of films featuring a phenomenally successful star like the Danish actress Asta Nielsen in the burgeoning early cinema market of Australia and New Zealand (known collectively as Australasia or the Antipodes), few records of silent-era distribution or exhibition companies have survived to reveal which Asta Nielsen films they may have imported and screened, let alone what audiences thought of the films they were able to view. Fortunately, the open-access digitization of extensive archival newspaper holdings in New Zealand (paperspast.natlib.govt.nz) and Australia (trove.nla.gov.au) has made it possible to recreate much of the circulation history of many early films, thereby indicating their popularity and relative profitability. Such archival material confirms that Asta Nielsen was a well-known, highly valued star in the Australasian cinema firmament, with nearly two dozen films in circulation over a four-year period preceding the First World War. This article demonstrates how Trove and Papers Past can be used to follow the movement of the Asta Nielsen film When the Mask Falls/Wenn die Maske fällt (1912) through Australasia, contextualize it as part of a much larger phenomenon of Asta Nielsen films in the Antipodes, and situate it within the larger context of Australasian cinema exhibition and distribution in the pre-First World War era.
Maskierte Helden von Holzen, Aleta-Amirée
2019, Letnik:
13
eBook
Odprti dostop
Populäre Heldengestalten wie Zorro, Batman oder Spider-Man vollbringen ihre Taten in der Öffentlichkeit nur maskiert, verbergen aber in Zivil jeden Anschein von Heldentum. Mit diesem Geheimnis ...ermöglichen solche maskierten Helden in ihren Geschichten die vielfältige Thematisierung von Identitätsvorstellungen – kommt der Maske doch schon immer die Funktion zu, Identitätskategorien und -kategorisierungen zu hinterfragen. In den Spannungsfeldern der Maskerade zwischen Sein und Schein versuchen diese Figuren seriellen Erzählens immer wieder aufs Neue, die Balance zwischen Individualität und Konformität zu finden oder zu halten. Was maskierte Helden ausmacht und wie solche Figuren zwischen Fragen nach dem 'wahren' Ich und multiplen Selbsten oszilieren, zeigt dieses Buch in einem grossen zeitlichen Bogen über das gesamte 20. bis ins beginnende 21. Jahrhundert, in dem auch die Genese des maskierten Helden als Figurentypus nachgezeichnet wird. Weltbekannte Figuren wie Superman, weniger bekannte wie Daredevil, die Thunderbolts oder The Shadow sowie eine Vielzahl fast vergessener Helden aus den US-amerikanischen Pulp-Novels und frühen Superheldencomics stehen dabei im Fokus.
Nošenje zaštitne opreme i higijena ruku pripadaju u temeljne mjere prevencije širenja pandemije COVID-19. Pritom su pojedina zanimanja, poglavito zdravstveni radnici, izložena dugotrajnom kontaktu sa ...zaštitnom opremom, što može rezultirati brojnim kožnim promjenama, bilo kao novonastale promjene na koži ili pogoršanje postojećih dermatoza. Okluzivni učinak zaštitnih maski, uz pritisak i trenje, može dovesti do suhoće kože lica i pojave odnosno pogoršanja postojeće acne vulgaris („maskne“). Učestalo pranje ruku sapunima, dezinficijensima i antisepticima može dovesti ne samo do suhoće kože ruku, nego i do kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa, pri čemu deterdženti i topla voda čine kombinaciju mehaničkih i kemijskih iritansa. Puder koji se nalazi unutar nekih rukavica također može imati iritativni učinak. Zaštitne maske, naočale i odijela zbog svojega okluzivnog učinka narušavaju zaštitnu kožnu barijeru, što također može dovesti do kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa. Kontaktni alergijski dermatitis nešto se rjeđe javlja od kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa, a predstavlja kasni tip preosjetljivosti na alergene koji se nalaze u zaštitnoj opremi (poglavito u maskama i rukavicama) te sredstvima za dezinfekciju. Rijetko se može javiti i kontaktna urtikarija kao posljedica korištenja zaštitne opreme, a najčešći je uzrok kontaktne urtikarije lateks koji se nalazi u zaštitnim rukavicama. Dugotrajno nošenje zaštitnih maski, naočala i štitnika za lice može dovesti i do mehaničkih oštećenja, od najblažih promjena kao što su crvenilo uz tragove na koži do mjehura, erozija i ulceracija. U ovom preglednom radu prikazani su rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja o kožnim promjenama uzrokovanim nošenjem zaštitne opreme i sredstvima za dezinfekciju tijekom pandemije COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 pripada skupini betakoronavirusa koji uzrokuju bolest nazvanu COVID-19. Infekcija se prenosi kapljično, a moguć je prijenos i putem aerosola. Pandemija koronavirusa zahvatila je cijeli ...svijet, a broj oboljelih svakodnevno se povećava. Dok se ne pronađe učinkovito cjepivo i/ili lijekovi važno je provoditi sigurnosne zaštitne mjere kako bi se smanjilo širenje virusa. Održavanje fizičkog razmaka, higijena ruku i obveza nošenja zaštitnih maski tri su temeljne zaštitne mjere koje mogu pridonijeti sprečavanju širenja virusa. Učinkovitost pojedinih mjera još uvijek je predmet znanstvenih i neznanstvenih rasprava, dovodeći tako do proturječnih i zbunjujućih poruka široj javnosti. Iako u literaturi ne postoje kvalitetne studije koje bi potvrdile učinkovitost nošenja maski, većina objavljenih govori u prilog njihovoj učinkovitosti. U ovome radu dajemo pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja u pogledu učinkovitosti maski u sprečavanju širenja SARS-CoV-2 virusa.
Hitna stanja opasna za život mogu se dogoditi, i događaju se, i u ordinaciji dentalne medicine. Mogu nastati zbog komplikacija osnovne bolesti i kao reakcija na lijekove koja može biti alergijska i ...toksična.
Najčešće toksične reakcije uzrokuju lokalni anestetici, a alergije se pojavljuju uglavnom pri primjeni antibiotika, najčešće penicilina. Kao reakcija na stres najčešće nastaje vazovagalna sinkopa. Ostali uzroci mogu biti povezani s osnovnom bolesti određenog sustava (akutni astmatski napadaj, dijabetička ketoacidoza, hipoglikemija, epileptički napadaji itd.), ili su nesretni slučajevi (aspiracija stranog tijela, što uzrokuje opstrukciju dišnog sustava). Za sve navedeno propisane su smjernice koje je potrebno znati. Ako nastanu komplikacije, a ne poduzmu se potrebne mjere, može se dogoditi zastoj srca ili prestanak disanja pa je potrebna kardiopulmonalna reanimacija. Sve postupke i doze nužno je prilagoditi dobi djeteta.
Silicon (Si) subwavelength grating (SWG) structures were fabricated on Si substrates by holographic lithography and subsequent inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching process using SiCl
4
with or ...without Ar addition for solar cell applications. To ensure a good nanosized pattern transfer into the underlying Si layer, the etch selectivity of Si over the photoresist mask is optimized by varying the etching parameters, thus improving antireflection characteristics. For antireflection analysis of Si SWG surfaces, the optical reflectivity is measured experimentally and it is also calculated theoretically by a rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The reflectance depends on the height, period, and shape of two-dimensional periodic Si subwavelength structures, correlated with ICP etching parameters. The optimized Si SWG structure exhibits a dramatic decrease in optical reflection of the Si surface over a wide angle of incident light (
θ
i
), i.e. less than 5% at wavelengths of 300–1100 nm, leading to good wide-angle antireflection characteristics (i.e. solar-weighted reflection of 1.7–4.9% at
θ
i
<50°) of Si solar cells.
We have investigated the change in photocurrent density (
J
SC) of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) before and after covering an aperture mask on the cell, especially its dependence on solar ...absorption range in dye. Four different dyes having absorption threshold at 460
nm (P5), 520
nm (TA-St-CA), 680
nm (N719) and 820
nm (N749) are tested.
J
SC of the DSSC without mask decreases after mask, where the decreasing rate (△
J
SC
=
J
SC (no mask) −
J
SC (with mask)/
J
SC (no mask)) becomes larger when dye absorption threshold decreases. △
J
SC at the given TiO
2 film thickness of 10
μm is determined to be about 20%, 15% and 13% for P5, TA-St-CA and N719–N749, respectively, which is reduced to 14% (TA-St-CA), 11.3% (N719) and 10.5% (N749) after increasing the thickness to 20
μm, except for P5 dye remaining unchanged. According to the analysis based on IPCE and photon flux data, the over photocurrents observed for the unmasked dye-sensitized solar cells and their dependence on dye absorption range are found to be attributed to diffuse light leaving the dye-adsorbed TiO
2 active area.
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