The official residence of the first Bishop of Melbourne, Bishopscourt, was built in 1853 on Clarendon Street in East Melbourne for Bishop Charles Perry and his wife Frances. In its grounds was a ...magnificent river red gum ('Eucalyptus camaldulensis'), which featured in an article by Wendy Dwyer in Australian 'Garden History' (vol 13 no 4, 2002). Since the publication of Dwyer's article the original tree has been removed, and a seedling from the same area has now replaced it.
Understanding contemporary youth lifestyles is a challenge for urban planners and geographers. Young people's everyday needs are complex, and urban spaces in new outer city developments offer unique ...spaces for shaping their identities. Juxtaposed with affordances of digital technologies, the physical location of home exists in a fluid landscape. Overcoming obstacles, such as access to public transport, places to socialise, and meet their peers, is characteristic of the everyday young person's experience. Knowing how young people decide where to go for personal space, as well as who to ask for personal advice, was the aim of this study. The study was conducted with samples of young people growing up in the rapidly growing peri‐urban northern suburbs of the Australian city of Melbourne. A survey questionnaire was administered to a gender‐balanced sample aged 12–15 years (n = 523) with follow‐up interviews to better inform the results. Logistic regression and factorial analyses of variance reveal their favourite places to be ‘my’ bedroom, being with friends, the park, and the café. Although not the focus of this study, some gender differences were noted. In addition to innovative use of space, the results show the positive influences on their well‐being of trusted family and friends. Young people's geographies offer transdisciplinary insights that highlight their creative usage of these new urban spaces. They offer a new imaginary for geographical education and research.
Background
Seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy is effective in preventing serious maternal and infant respiratory illness, but published Australian audits are sparse concerning practice.
...Aims
Guided by information gained from new mothers about obstacles to influenza vaccination in July 2010, an educational program for maternity staff and pregnant women was developed with the aim of improving vaccine uptake in 2011.
Methods
One hundred and ninety‐nine new mothers in July 2010 and 240 new mothers in July 2011 on postnatal wards of a tertiary obstetric hospital were interviewed about whether influenza vaccine had been offered or given and about reasons why women chose for or against vaccination during pregnancy.
Results
Influenza vaccination increased from 30% in 2010 to 40% in 2011 (P = 0.03). Fewer women cited safety concerns for themselves or their babies after the 2011 educational campaign. Comments from 90 women in 2011 give grounds for speculation that the vaccination rate could have been as high as 78% if influenza vaccination had been integrated as part of hospital‐based antenatal care.
Conclusions
Influenza vaccine coverage during pregnancy is increasing but obstacles persist, especially absent or inconsistent advice from healthcare workers and lack of ready access during routine antenatal care.
The current study used qualitative methodology to investigate the body image concerns of people with physical disabilities. Three males and four females aged between 22 and 50 years, in Melbourne, ...Australia, participated in the study. Three participants were heterosexual, two were homosexual and two described their sexual identity as predominantly heterosexual but ‘bicurious’. The data were gathered through individual interviews of approximately 2
h duration, where participants responded to a set of predetermined open-ended questions. The study found that bodily impairment had a negative influence on the participants’ psychological experiences, feelings and attitudes toward their own bodies. The impact of feedback from the social environment was highlighted, and there was evidence suggesting that individuals gradually adjust to their different bodies and increasingly accept their disabilities over time.
The challenges cities face in supplying safe water and disposing effectively of sewage and wastewater are affected by historical and environmental conditions and the long-lasting effects of choices ...of infrastructure. This article provides case studies of two similar cities, San Francisco and Melbourne, from the mid-nineteenth-century gold rushes to 1920, to show how differences in geography and governance structure can shape water technologies in a path-dependent way. While the two cities developed safe water supplies early in their histories, these were not well integrated with sewerage systems. The use of typhoid death rates, which provide a proxy for water quality and urban pollution, reveals the impact of defective water technology on the urban environment in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The small but developing literature on weblogging underscores its potential as an effective learning resource for use in higher education. This article contributes to these discussions through an ...initial case study of the authors' experience with the ongoing development of an educational blogging resource for use in a large cohort, undergraduate liberal arts subject at the University of Melbourne. Detailing the theoretical aims, design, implementation and incipient evaluation of the project, including student attitudes to the resource, the article supports the argument for the educational use and value of blogging but also highlights potential limitations and problem areas. Author abstract, ed
The lack of baseline surveys of soil environments in many areas of Antarctica provides an impediment to understanding their suitability for supporting biotic communities and limits abilities to ...monitor and predict impacts of environmental changes. A soil survey was conducted at Edmonson Point (Victoria Land) within representative local environments to identify their variability and drivers of soil processes and geochemistry. The soils were coarse-textured and lacked cohesion and structural development. The parent material was homogenous, and consisted of weathered and unconsolidated basaltic lavas and scoria. Despite these similarities, the soils varied significantly with the variation driven by local environmental and biotic factors. Penguins had the greatest influence, deposited guano altered soil processes leading to profound changes in soil characteristics. The ornithogenic soils were rich in penguin bio-elements, with low C/N, high EC and large variation in pH. Contents of N and C declined at comparable rates as C/N values did not change with time. Ornithogenic P was not readily lost, resulting in its high concentrations in relict soils. Abundant bacteria played a key role in these processes, but after cessation of guano inputs bacterial numbers and activity declined considerably. Alternatively, rich autotrophic microflora had a little influence on ornithogenic soil geochemistry. Characteristics and development of mineral soils were driven by hydrology and associated biological processes. Dry fellfield soils were the most immature, as indicated by more coarse-grained material, neutral pH, low EC and C/N values, scarce microflora and elemental content corresponding to typical background values. Alternatively, soils from moss communities and wetlands had higher amounts of fine-grained material, C, N and C/N values and lower pH that resulted from accumulation of organic matter. Elemental concentrations in soils from moss communities were similar to those in fellfields, but were elevated in wetland soils. While C and N contents seemed to be controlled by biotic communities, geochemistry of other elements was driven by external inputs. Although some inputs may originate from substratum weathering in the surrounding areas, marine-derived elements redistributed with penguin guano seemed to be the major source of the enrichment. Analyses of the origin and distribution of the soil elements may provide valuable records for reconstruction of geochemical and environmental processes in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems.
•We investigated characteristics and development of soils in Antarctica.•Soil processes were driven by external inputs and local environmental gradients.•Penguins had the greatest influence leading to the development of ornithogenic soils.•Hydrology and specific biotic processes controlled soil development and geochemistry.•Redistribution of ornithogenic bio-elements altered local geochemical processes.
Considering the influence of the ionosphere, troposphere, and other systematic errors on double-differenced ambiguity resolution (AR), we present an optimal triple-frequency code-phase combination ...determination method driven by both the model and the real data. The new method makes full use of triple-frequency code measurements (especially the low-noise of the code on the B3 signal) to minimize the total noise level and achieve the largest AR success rate (model-driven) under different ionosphere residual situations (data-driven), thus speeding up the AR by directly rounding. With the triple-frequency Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) data collected at five stations from a continuously-operating reference station network in Guangdong Province of China, different testing scenarios are defined (a medium baseline, whose distance is between 20 km and 50 km; a medium-long baseline, whose distance is between 50 km and 100 km; and a long baseline, whose distance is larger than 100 km). The efficiency of the optimal code-phase combination on the AR success rate was compared with that of the geometry-free and ionosphere-free (GIF) combination and the Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena (HMW) combination. Results show that the optimal combinations can always achieve better results than the HMW combination with B2 and B3 signals, especially when the satellite elevation angle is larger than 45°. For the wide-lane AR which aims to obtain decimeter-level kinematic positioning service, the standard deviation (STD) of ambiguity residuals for the suboptimal combination are only about 0.2 cycles, and the AR success rate by directly rounding can be up to 99%. Compared with the HMW combinations using B1 and B2 signals and using B1 and B3 signals, the suboptimal combination achieves the best results in all baselines, with an overall improvement of about 40% and 20%, respectively. Additionally, the STD difference between the optimal and the GIF code-phase combinations decreases as the baseline length increases. This indicates that the GIF combination is more suitable for long baselines. The proposed optimal code-phase combination determination method can be applied to other multi-frequency global navigation satellite systems, such as new-generation BDS, Galileo, and modernized GPS.
Refugee adolescents resettling in a new country face many challenges, and being part of a supportive family is a critical factor in assisting them to achieve wellbeing and create positive futures. ...This longitudinal study documents experiences of family life in the resettlement context of 120 young people with refugee backgrounds living in Melbourne, Australia. Family instability was a core feature of the early settlement period. In this paper, we focus specifically on changing household composition, and levels of trust, attachment, discipline and conflict in family settings during young people's first years of resettlement. Our results suggest that while families are central to the wellbeing of these young people, changing family dynamics can also pose a threat to wellbeing and successful settlement. We argue that youth focused settlement services must explicitly engage with family contexts in assisting refugee youth to achieve wellbeing and successfully resettle.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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