One of the goals of the study is to establish the conditions that affect the water quality in the catchment area of the Mesta River (Southwest Bulgaria). This will help to distinguish the ...anthropogenic impact from natural factors, with geological setting in first place. For the formation of the chemical composition of the waters in regional aspect, the outcropped rocks are of major importance. In the considered area most widespread are mainly silicate rocks – about 75% of the total area. These are mainly different types of granites and to a much lesser extent granodiorites, quartz porphyries, quartz porphyrites (58%). Highly metamorphosed rocks such as gneisses, shales, amphibolites are also important – 26%, as well as volcanic (rhyodacites, dacites, ignimbrites and their tuffs) – 5%. These rocks occupy the relatively higher and steeper parts of the catchment area and fractured rocks aquifers are formed in their weathering zones. Given the low solubility of the minerals forming these rocks and their rapid runoff, the waters in them show low TDS content. Due to the processes of chemical weathering, they provide some of the main macrocomponents, determining the chemical type of groundwaters – Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3. Although with a relatively small area (about 5%), the marbles, which are significantly karstified are characterized by the formation of large amounts of water. Active karst processes are the cause for the predomination of hydrogencarbonate-calcium type of waters. Neozoic sandstones, conglomerates and clays (about 8% of the total area) are deposited in lower parts of the river valley, in the range of tectonic grabens. They form a layered aquifer complex, where due to the slower movement of water and longer water-rock contact, groundwater has a relatively higher TDS content. Along with the regional hydrogeological and hydrochemical features, the geological setting is the reason for the probable presence of local hydrochemical anomalies. They are often associated with fractures and pegmatite veins, in which ore manifestations and indications of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, W, Mo, Ag, Au, Bi, Sb, as well as talc, asbestos and muscovite have been found. Elevated contents of Fe, Mn and U are found in some places too. The localization of such zones (over 100 in total) will help to correctly clarify the genesis of undesirable deviations in groundwater quality. Thermal water deposits, some of which have conditions for mixing with cold groundwater, are also examined.
Ob množici del grških in rimskih piscev, ki so bila prevedena v slovenski jezik, je Livijeva Zgodovina doslej ostala nekako ob strani. Razen posameznih odlomkov ni bilo prevedenega nič. Količina ...ohranjenega besedila, avtorjev slog z dolgimi stavčnimi periodami, izbranim besediščem in različnimi retoričnimi prijemi, vse to predstavlja za prevajalca gotovo precejšnjo oviro. Z novo knjigo, ki je pred kratkim izšla pri Slovenski matici in prinaša prvih pet Livijevih knjig v prevodu Primoža Simonitija, se sedaj to spreminja. Knjigo je uredil David Movrin, ki je napisal tudi spremno besedo in pripravil obsežen spremni aparat. Prevod zajema nekje sedmino ohranjenega Livijevega dela, ob predvidenem nadaljevanju s skupino prevajalcev si lahko obetamo izid nadaljnjih zvezkov in v doglednem času tudi prevod vsega, kar se je od Livija ohranilo v rokopisnem izročilu.
Uvod: Zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu je ključni dejavnik kakovostno opravljenega dela v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti pogled medicinskih sester na zadovoljstvo z delom ter kako ...slednje prispeva k razvoju izgorelosti.Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna opisna metoda. Na namenskem kvotnem vzorcu 12 medicinskih sester, zaposlenih na primarni, sekundarni in terciarni zdravstveni dejavnosti, so bili opravljeni delno strukturirani intervjuji. Pridobljeni podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine. Rezultati: Identificirane so bile naslednje teme: (1) negativni dejavniki delovnega okolja; (2) motivacijski dejavniki na delovnem mestu; (3) vpliv zadovoljstva medicinskih sester na zasebno življenje ter (4) osebni pomen zadovoljstva z delom.Diskusija in zaključek: Za zaposlene v zdravstveni negi je pomembno, da vladajo dobri medsebojni odnosi v timu. Le z dobrimi medsebojnimi odnosi bomo uporabnikom zdravstvenih storitev omogočili strokovno in kakovostno obravnavo. Rešitev, s katero bi zmanjšali izgorelost zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi in pripomogli k njeni prepoznavnosti, vidimo v povečanju ozaveščanja o sindromu izgorelosti. Treba bi bilo prispevati k politiki oblikovanja ukrepov za premagovanje oziroma preprečevanje težav, povezanih z izgorevanjem medicinskih sester na delovnem mestu. Proces obvladovanja stresa in izgorevanja bi moral postati sestavni del organizacijskega procesa, saj prispeva k večji učinkovitosti organizacije. Z ustreznim usmerjanjem in zadostnim kadrovskim normativom je možno stroške, povezane z boleznijo zaposlenih, precej zmanjšati. Organizacija namreč s skrbjo za zdravje zaposlenih prispeva tudi k njihovi večji motiviranosti.
Hydrodiplomacy is the emerging framework where legal acts, based on technical data and information, aim to support commonly accepted solutions to water-related tensions among states with ...transboundary waters. In this research, hydrodiplomacy components in relation to (a) policy, (b) preventive, (c) cooperative, and (d) technical aspects are considered together with climate change, which is bound to destabilize the core element of hydrodiplomacy, i.e., water. The study area is composed of the five transboundary river basins of Greece. The coupling of all these different nature elements is conducted with the use of the AHP multicriteria method, and the results of a normalized output that quantifies water transboundary cooperation in the climate crisis era are given.
Onesnaženost zraka v urbanih območjih je pomemben dejavnik kakovosti življenja, nesporen pa je tudi vpliv kakovosti zraka na zdravje ljudi. Med pomembna onesnaževala urbanega ozračja že desetletja ...uvrščamo dušikov dioksid (NO2), po letu 2000 pa se vse več raziskav posveča tudi črnemu ogljiku (BC). V prispevku predstavljamo stacionarne in mobilne meritve črnega ogljika ter stacionarne meritve dušikovega dioksida v urbanem območju na dveh primerih. V prvem primeru gre za ugotavljanje vpliva ceste na kakovost zraka v neposredni okolici vrtca in nekdanje osnovne šole na Lavrici, v drugem primeru pa so prikazani rezultati meritev črnega ogljika na cestnem omrežju Kranja v gosti prostorski mreži.
A thermally bonded biodegradable fabric has been developed using mesta and polylactic acid fibers. The central composite rotatable design has been adapted to understand the effects of the independent ...variables, that is polylactic acid content, roller temperature and roller pressure on useful functional properties such as bursting strength, bending load, tensile stress relaxation, tensile creep, rate of absorption, absorption capacity, porosity, abrasion resistance, and surface friction. Considering the linear, quadratic, and two-way interactive effects of independent variables, the second-order polynomial has been suggested for each property which proves good association except for absorption capacity and abrasion resistance. The effect of independent parameters has been studied and optimized from contour diagrams. The optimized process parameters for 140 g/m2 fabric are polylactic acid content 30%, mesta content 70%, roller temperature 170°C, and roller pressure 150 N/cm2, which can be used successfully as a shopping bag. The shopping bag was prepared from developed fabric. Its performance test shows no deformation for up to 14 days in the hanging test, resistance up to 10 wetting-drying cycles proves reusability, it sustains up to four drops, and has a slight strength loss in 30 days of atmospheric exposure.
The present study describes the hydrochemistry of ground waters found in the Mesta River Basin, located in the south-western part of Bulgaria. The groundwater’s composition can be expressed as ...follows: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+; Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ in equivalent units for the cations, and HCO3– > SO42– > Cl– in equivalent units for the anions. The chemical composition of the studied groundwater can be described as calcium-bicarbonate. The calcium ions make up from 17.90% to 38.62% (30.18% on average), and the bicarbonate ions make up from 35.30% to 48.98% (43.70% on average) of all ions. Taken together, the calcium and bicarbonate ions make up from 61.44% to 87.60% (73.88% on average) of all ions. The groundwater itself is of slightly alkaline nature, having pH of 7.3 to 8.6, and TDS of 67 mg/l to 611 mg/l. One groundwater sample from the Mesta River catchment area was found to be of the low-mineralized type (TDS = 193 mg/l) alkaline water (pH = 9.8) in the Mesta Lowlands – the Banichan groundwater mineral source. The water can be described as sodium-bicarbonate, with sodium ions making up to 93.5% of the cations, and bicarbonate ions – 69.6% of the anions. Out of all ions, the sodium ions were found to be 48%, and the bicarbonate ions – 33.86%. The sequence of ions is in the following order: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3– > Cl– > SO42– > CO32–.
Mala in srednje velika industrijska mesta v Alpah so običajno na obrobnih območjih in so pogosto razvrednotena. Navedeno je večinoma posledica tega, da so se industrijske krajine v zadnjih dveh letih ...spremenile v razvrednotena območja, katerih prenovo ovira več dejavnikov. Med njimi so upad števila prebivalcev, slabšanje poslovnih priložnosti, draga okoljska sanacija in zahtevno upravljanje preobrazbe. Avtorji v članku proučujejo, katere možnosti za prenovo imajo alpska mesta z razvrednotenimi industrijskimi območji, katero podporo zagotavlja Evropska unija in koliko razvojnega potenciala se dejansko na ta način v celoti uresniči. Obravnavana so štiri obrobna območja v štirih alpskih državah: v Avstriji, Franciji, Italiji in Sloveniji. Izsledki kažejo, da veljavne politike EU nezadostno urejajo razvrednotena območja. Finančne spodbude so razpršene med več viri, zaradi česar jih je težko črpati, poleg tega na proučevanih območjih ni zadostnega znanja in zmogljivosti za pridobitev sredstev, ki jih potrebujejo za to, da svoje zamisli pretvorijo v uspešne zgodbe o prenovi.
Mesta river is a cross-border river with Greece, whose catchment area includes parts of Rila, Pirin and the Rhodope Mountains. The karst is developed in pre-Paleozoic marble that forms isolated ...outcrops with different basins. The largest of them forms two alpine karst basins located in Northern Pirin and Slavyanka Mountains. In the Rhodopes region, the marble outcrops are fragmented and embedded in non-karstic rocks. They are drained from springs with relatively low flow rates. The largest karst springs drain different hydrodynamic zones of the karst massif of Northern Pirin. From the karst basin of Slavyanka Mountain, only the large subthermal spring near the village of Musomishta falls into the catchment area of the Mesta river. The data on the chemical composition of some of the karst springs are summarized, paying attention to the largest of them. An analysis of the changes in the chemical composition and comparison is made. The changes of the hydrochemical parameters of the springs draining different vertical zones in Northern Pirin are compared. The obtained results prove that the main role in the formation of the chemical composition of karst waters has natural factors - interaction between water and marbles. It was found that the waters are unsaturated to carbonate minerals, which proves that even now there are active processes of karst formation.
To combat the shortage of single agro-residue and overcome the problem of seasonal availability, it is beneficial to use mixture of lignocellulosic biomasses. In the present study, efforts were made ...to use mixed lignocellulosic biomass for production of bioethanol, along with microbial lipids and lactic acid. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed biomass at varied proportions it was observed that mixture of paddy straw and jute in the ratio 3:1 resulted in best sugar yield (41.50 g/L) at 10% substrate loading. Ethanolic fermentation of mixed substrate hydrolysate by thermotolerant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae JRC6 resulted in 8.39 g/L of ethanol. To maintain sustainability and economic impact, oleaginous yeast (Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans S2) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum LP-9) were used for lipid production (14.5 g/L) and lactic acid production (11.08 g/L), respectively. Therefore, this study explored the potential of mixed lignocellulosic biomass to be exploited for production of various value-added products.
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