Two neighborhoods in Miami-Dade County received a mix of adulticide and larvicide treatments during Zika outbreaks in 2016. Arrows signify relative degree of change in trap counts of female Aedes ...aegypti. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
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•Locally acquired Zika occurred in three urban areas of Miami-Dade County, Florida, in the summer of 2016.•Bti larvicide greatly depressed urban Aedes aegypti populations when applied weekly.•The organophosphate naled transiently suppressed Ae. aegypti populations in one transmission zone but not another.•Pyrethroid adulticides did not reduce populations of Ae. aegypti.
The African Zika virus swept across the Pacific, reaching the New World in 2014. In July, 2016, Miami-Dade County, Florida became the locus of the first mosquito-borne Zika transmission zones in the continental United States. Control efforts were guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including aerial and truck sprays of adulticides and larvicides. To improve our understanding of how best to fight Zika transmission in an urban environment in the developed world, trap counts of adult Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) mosquitoes from the treatment zones were analyzed to determine efficacy of the different insecticide treatments. Analysis revealed that application of four different ester pyrethroid and one non-ester pyrethroid had no statistically significant effect on mosquito counts. Aerial application of naled, a potent organophosphate adulticide, produced significant but short-lived drops in Ae. aegypti counts in the first two applications in the first active transmission zone (Wynwood), then lost some efficacy with subsequent application. In the other active transmission zone (Miami Beach), naled produced no measurable effect in the first three applications, and only a small, transient, and marginally significant reduction in the fourth application. Repeated application of the larvicidal bacterium Bti was accompanied by steady declines of Ae. aegypti populations in both sites. Zika transmission ceased in the first transmission zone, but expanded in the second transmission zone during this period. Specific recommendations are proposed for future treatments of urban mosquitoes.
We describe a python package for nonlinear phase linking of full resolution SAR images using both distributed and persistent scatterers. In the workflow, the first step is to find for each pixel the ...set of self-similar pixels in order to identify persistent and distributed scatterers. Next the phase linking is performed using the full complex coherence matrix containing the wrapped phase values of each distributed scatterer. Our package uses a hybrid approach consisting of eigenvalue decomposition-based maximum likelihood phase linking and the classic eigenvalue decomposition method. The latter is used for pixels with a non-invertible covariance matrix. A sequential mode achieves computational efficiency. The next step is to unwrap the phase by selecting an optimum unwrapping network of interferograms and invert for the unwrapped phase time-series which is converted to the displacement time-series. We show how the performance of phase linking depends on the temporal correlation behavior using simulations of the coherence matrix. The sequential approaches better retrieve the simulated phases compared to the non-sequential approaches for all temporal coherence models. Phase linking methods retrieve the simulated phase with residuals close to the Cramér–Rao lower bound for coherent seasons where the absolute values of coherence matrix are high and provide a tool for obtaining InSAR measurements over areas with seasonal snowfall. We furthermore show that unwrapping errors propagate differently depending on the unwrapping network. For single-reference networks there is no error propagation, but for sequential networks it compromises the accuracy of the final displacement time-series. Delaunay networks provide an optimum solution in terms of accuracy and precision if there are several years of data with frequent temporal decorrelation or strong seasonal decorrelation. We present applications using Sentinel-1 data in different natural and anthropogenic environments.
•A python package for nonlinear phase linking of SAR images is provided.•Phase linking provides InSAR measurements over areas with seasonal snowfall.•Unwrapping errors propagate differently depending on the unwrapping network.•Delaunay networks are preferred for unwrapping the seasonally decorrelated areas.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate three temporal mapping approaches to predict Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the Southern Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. These three temporal approaches provide an ...alternative to SLR prediction by the common binary method based on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The first temporal approach gathers seven theoretical and semi-empirical scenarios of SLR by the end the century in a single map. The second temporal approach is based on the calculation of the time horizon to inundate each cell of the DEM during ordinary high tides. Finally, the third temporal approach maps the minimum average rate of SLR by which a cell will be inundated by the year 2100. These approaches indicate that, in the second half of the 21st century, a large area on the coast of Miami will be inundated due to SLR. A survey conducted with a group of 73 experts concluded that these approaches were more suitable than other classical approaches for mapping SLR in urban areas.
•Three alternative temporal mapping approaches which predict Sea Level Rise (SLR) are proposed in this paper.•First one shows seven theoretical and semi-empirical scenarios of SLR by the end the century in a just a single map.•Second one is based on the calculation of the time horizon to inundate each cell of the DEM.•Third map shows the minimum average rate of SLR by which a cell of a DEM will be inundated by the year 2100.•A survey conducted with a group of 73 experts concluded that these approaches were more suitable than other two classical approaches for mapping SLR in urban areas.
In the postwar decades, Miami Beach became a majority Jewish city partially due to the entrepreneurship first of Jewish hotel owners and then of Jewish builders. As a popular, middle-class vacation ...resort, it blended elements of big city sophistication with ethnic Jewish tastes. Its southern section housed an exceptional, visible community of elderly, Yiddish-speaking Jews who brought their public culture to its beaches and sidewalks. American Jewish photographers pictured this world as an American shtetl even as Jewish American television producers imagined Miami as a multicultural and multiracial site of vice, eroticism, and cool melodrama.
Sea level rise threatens coastal communities throughout the United States, and South Florida is on the front line. The iconic and built-up city of Miami Beach, Florida, has a well-developed, ...high-value property market, and the municipality has been lauded for proactively taking action to adapt to anticipated sea level rise. Moving beyond hyperbole and piecemeal evidence, we compile a comprehensive inventory of adaptation and mitigation measures implemented by various municipal agencies. We employ these data sets to measure exposure and readiness for the entire city and make a preliminary effort to develop a city vulnerability index. Our findings reveal that exposure throughout the city is high and that readiness is concentrated near stormwater drainage systems, leading to high vulnerability along the coast. When we compare the spatial patterns of the vulnerability index and the residential property values, we find a mismatch. The most vulnerable regions are characterized by high income, transiency, and an apparent unresponsiveness to sea level rise. No doubt our findings illustrate a lag effect, but if sea level rise increases, the real estate market could reach a tipping point unless state and federal agencies also fund more comprehensive adaptation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article analyzes changes in hotel urbanism in Miami Beach. Most of the Art Deco hotels built between 1935 and 1942 were “urban citizens”—visually integrated into an ensemble of architecturally ...similar buildings and economically integrated into a symbiotic leisure economy where urban hostels, nightclubs, and luxury retailers combined to offer a diverse collection of tourists a vacation of “accessible glamour” that made Miami Beach distinctive among resorts. At the same time, another approach to hotel urbanism exemplified a strategy of enclosing leisure businesses. Autonomous resorts were more like ocean liners than urban citizens: providing guests with self-contained vacation spaces that kept them apart from the city. The enclosure movement reached its pinnacle in the postwar era with a new generation of hotels epitomized by the Fontainebleau. This article discusses the consequences of the enclosure movement for nightclubs and luxury retailers, relating their disappearance to the city’s postwar decline.
Among the nearly 90,000 Cubans who settled in New York City and Miami in the 1940s and 1950s were numerous musicians and entertainers, black and white, who did more than fill dance halls with the ...rhythms of the rumba, mambo, and cha cha cha. In her history of music and race in midcentury America, Christina D. Abreu argues that these musicians, through their work in music festivals, nightclubs, social clubs, and television and film productions, played central roles in the development of Cuban, Afro-Cuban, Latino, and Afro-Latino identities and communities. Abreu draws from previously untapped oral histories, cultural materials, and Spanish-language media to uncover the lives and broader social and cultural significance of these vibrant performers.Keeping in view the wider context of the domestic and international entertainment industries, Abreu underscores how the racially diverse musicians in her study were also migrants and laborers. Her focus on the Cuban presence in New York City and Miami before the Cuban Revolution of 1959 offers a much needed critique of the post-1959 bias in Cuban American studies as well as insights into important connections between Cuban migration and other twentieth-century Latino migrations.
Recurrent Knowledge Distillation Pintea, Silvia L.; Liu, Yue; van Gemert, Jan C.
2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP),
2018-Oct.
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
Knowledge distillation compacts deep networks by letting a small student network learn from a large teacher network. The accuracy of knowledge distillation recently benefited from adding residual ...layers. We propose to reduce the size of the student network even further by recasting multiple residual layers in the teacher network into a single recurrent student layer. We propose three variants of adding recurrent connections into the student network, and show experimentally on CIFAR-10, Scenes and MiniPlaces, that we can reduce the number of parameters at little loss in accuracy.
Forum: Teaching With, Against, and To Faith Jones Medine, Carolyn M.; Penner, Todd; Lehman, Marjorie
Teaching theology & religion,
10/2015, Letnik:
18, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
These three articles deal with the issue of faith in the classroom – whether one should teach “to,” “for,” or “against” faith. While their institutional settings and experiences are different, the ...authors all contend that more serious reflection needs to be given to the matter of how religious commitment plays out in our diverse pedagogical settings. The initial article by Carolyn Medine surveys the current climate regarding student spirituality in the classroom, the broader governmental concerns, and, the tensions that inform the choices available to a professor. Todd Penner's essay analyzes faith‐as‐ideology in the undergraduate classroom, and Marjorie Lehman's contribution analyzes how the issue manifests differently in Jewish Studies.
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