L’articolo analizza, prendendo la prospettiva di una storia dei fuggitivi, gli attuali transiti dei migranti attraverso le Alpi. Si interroga sulle tracce lasciate dalla presenza fuggevole dei ...migranti al confine alpino tra la Francia e l’Italia, leggendole in connessione sia con la memoria delle mobilità del passato sia con le pratiche del soccorso alpino e delle reti di solidarietà che hanno toccato queste stessi valli. L’articolo inizia con una parte sulle infrastrutture mobili di solidarietà dispiegate al confine alpino franco-italiano, tracciandone la loro breve storia e mettendola in parallelo con la memoria sedimentata delle lotte in Val di Susa. L’articolo continua approfondendo la storia del soccorso alpino al confine franco-italiano, indicando come gli stranieri così come gli “emigranti clandestini” italiani siano stati salvati in questa stessa zona in passato. Infine, si conclude proponendo il concetto di “storia dei fuggitivi” in montagna come quadro teorico che permette una lettura politica dell’attraversamento delle Alpi da parte dei migranti.
The purpose of the article is to present the essays collected in this number of the review, and some interpretations of the main issues emerging from the current debate, practices and policies on ...migration and migrants. The focus is first on the continuities and discontinuities between the past and present migratory movements, with reference to the most important analyses and researches. Then, the article deals with the identity and cultural diversity issues, and offers some criticism of the debate on multiculturalism. The conclusions discuss those policies which tend to consider and face the problems related to the migrants' regulation and integration following a purely security logic.
Research on immigrants integration has been traditionally dominated by the debate over national citizenship models. Yet, recent studies have pointed out the relevance of local policies in providing ...crucial resources for immigrants integration in the host society. A growing body of literature on city policies is emerging, according to which local administrations are usually more prone to accommodate diversity in a pragmatic way. Thus cities represent favourable contexts for the developing of forms of soft multiculturalism. The article discusses this thesis from a critical point of view. Actually, evidence provided by the literature is contradictory, since local governments have also to face with non positive attitudes towards foreigners in their local electorate. Research studies on Italian cities show different patterns of integration policy, characterised by various degrees of openness/closure towards immigrants. A certain convergence is actually produced at the level of everyday practices, since civil servants and third sector organisations have to cope with ordinary problems of service delivery to a culturally diverse clientele.
Foreign pupils in Italian school constitute a structural, increasing presence. Their outcomes are the result of a multidimensional process, influenced by several individual and social factors. Not ...only the family migratory project and the different conceptions of scholastic education, but also didactics, assessment techniques, gender and expectations of adolescents and teachers must be considered in order to explain the immigrant students' results. The case study shows how a secondary school in Turin tries to avoid the «ghettoization» by intercultural programs, cooperation with other educational agencies, strict criterions to pass the students. The fifteen-years-old pupils with lower sociocultural status can obtain prestige in the peer group by a kind of opposing culture, but often drop out of the school and lose the opportunity of upward social mobility.
The paper developes a reflection on the political construction of immigration matter in recent societies of immigration. It compares on this thema antipolitical politicization process in Italy (by ...the Berlusconi coalition) and hyperpolitical politicization process in Spain (by the Aznar government): the «securitization» interpretation appears as the result of specific political opportunities and of specific discursive opportunities, managed by nationalist and neopopulist actors. In the two cases, this exclusive polity is a dead end: the utilitarian interpretation of immigration comes as a way out, to make collective interests government possible.
Identità migranti Aime, Marco
Meridiana,
2006, 20060101
56
Journal Article
In the contemporary rethorics of political communications the concept of «culture» is often used in the same way the old concept of «race» was used in the last centuries. We have a racism without ...race. There is a rising of cultural fundamentalism, and the cultures are seen as solid entities, who cannot communicate, becoause of their difference. As Regis Debray said, while the objects are globalising, the men are tribalizing.
This article examines in a comparative perspective labour migration and workers' struggle in Detroit and Turin at the end of the Sixties. These two cases are well-known for the extent of radical ...protest that hit the automobile plants in that period, but they have never been studied in connection. While national studies highlighted in the Turin case issues of class and in the Detroit case issues of race, the comparative analysis focuses on the fact that in both cases the catalyst for a prolong period of industrial conflict were migrants. The article enquires into the motives for the shopfloor conflict and finds them well linked to the problems related to the quick urban change that ensued immigration and to the migrants' quest for first class citizenship in the new context.
This paper deals with the issue of translation as metaphor of postcolonial era, i.e. an era shaped by globalization processes and large migration movements. These processes press for, mostly impose, ...a sort of «second socialization» which firstly involves people who migrate. However, those unavoidable intercultural relations will never be properly as such if this second socialization does not cross also «us», the natives, the inhabitants of those countries which receive migrants. The mutual translation among different languages and cultures plays a preponderant role in the current world. Starting from Walter Benjamin, this paper, in the first part, goes trough some theoretical dimensions of the concept of translation which bring to argue that not everything is translatable and «that particular convergence» which, according to Benjamin, characterizes translation is not always easy to achieve. In the second part, the paper presents Fatema Mernissi's exemplary narrative reflection which some how stages a translation process, by contrasting male fantasies, «eastern» and «western», and the different social constructions of harem.
The article paints a picture of the italian migration to Germany. With a chronological focus it's identified three historical phases: the first one takes place before the First World War; the second ...during the Nazism regime; the third and maybe most significant one after the Second World War, in the fordism age, which is characterised in Germany by a hefty economic growth and by the requirements of unskilled foreign manpower. The second part of the article presents some statistical data about the present situation of the italian migrants in Germany. Two issues are tried to be pointed out: 1) Italians are still signed by a high unemployment rate and law educational level. This issue is related to the fact that they moved frequently between the two countries, and so many second generation Italian migrants have difficulties to develop long-term migration projects and were not faar-seeing in job searching. 2) Italians show a high entrepreneurship rate, with a remarkable concentration in the field of gastronomy.
Social construction processes of migrant, often clandestine migrant, among the inhabitants of Lampedusa, have recorded, in the last years, a gradual moving from a prevaling sympathetic optics ...combined with human solidarity forms — even if not without defensive processes and forms of racism and xenophobia — to more and more clear dynamics of exclusion. The social representation of the stranger isn't, however, either unvarying or coherent. Infact, the collected interviews give evidence for continuous oscillations between the wish to understand — that increases when there is an interaction with the strangers — and the need to defend, even with reactions of violence and exclusion, the poor privileges and the small eeconomic resouces (especially tourism). This situation often produce deep contradictions between ethical instances and economic necessity. Lampedusa's inhabitans witnesses offer an evocative representation of these conflicts and help to show the migrants condiction, characterized by silence, invisibility thath often hide exclusion and ignorance of the elementary human rights.
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