Abstract The Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code has been revised to address new evidence-based elements of motivational interviewing (MI). This new version (MITI 4) includes new ...global ratings to assess clinician's attention to client language, increased rigor in assessing autonomy support and client choice, and items to evaluate the use of persuasion when giving information and advice. Method: Four undergraduate, non-professional raters were trained in the MITI and used it to review 50 audiotapes of clinicians conducting MI in actual treatments sessions. Both kappa and intraclass correlation indices were calculated for all coders, for the best rater pair and for a 20% randomly selected sample from the best rater pair. Results: Reliability across raters, with the exception of Emphasize Autonomy and % Complex Reflections, were in the good to excellent range. Reliability estimates decrease when smaller samples are used and when fewer raters contribute. Conclusion: The advantages and drawbacks of this revision are discussed including implications for research and clinical applications. The MITI 4.0 represents a reliable method for assessing the integrity of MI including both the technical and relational components of the method.
Prispevek obravnava interpretacijo dediščine z uporabo mitov in pravljic. Besedilo je razdeljeno na dva dela, prvi del, posvečen interpretaciji, je bil objavljen v prejšnji številki revije. Drugi del ...je posvečen mitom in pravljicam kot sredstvu interpretacije. Miti veljajo za prvobitno obliko razlage sveta. Članek obravnava njihovo družbeno vlogo v preteklih družbah in pojasnjuje njihovo temeljno vlogo v psihosocialni strukturi človeka. S kulturno-zgodovinskim pristopom je orisana njihova primordialna vloga. Mitološke zgodbe so služile kot razlaga kozmosa, reda in zakonov, vzpostavljale so moralno in etično podlago sobivanja skupnosti. Filozofski in psihoanalitični pristop izpostavljata terapevtski naboj narativnega blaga. Obravnavana je arhetipska in transcendentna narava mita ter utemeljen njegov odsev v fluidnih pomenih materialne kulture. Miti in pravljice so del kulturnega in zgodovinskega izročila ter kot rdeča nit povezujejo sodobnost s preteklostjo. Miti in pravljice imajo v procesih interpretacije vlogo semantičnega sistema, ki olajšuje integracijo dediščine časovno in kulturno oddaljenih obdobij v sodobnost. Pripovedovanje zgodb razpira dialoški prostor in spodbuja javnost k aktivnemu sodelovanju. Raziskava je interdisciplinarna, temelji na heritologiji, hermenevtiki, psihoanalizi, mitoloških in kulturnozgodovinskih študijah.
This paper examines the aircraft, petrochemical, and mainframe-computer industries to delineate the reasons why some of Japan’s industrial policies during the rapid-growth period succeeded and some ...failed. The Japanese government implemented policies to advance each of the three industries, but the measures had significantly different effects. While the government favored approaches that involved limiting the number of companies in the given industry and providing support for large-scale production to maximize efficiency, the companies in the industry tended to reinterpret the policies to the extent possible under the official constraints in ways that would minimize the resulting disadvantages to company operations. Out of that context, with the government’s policies on one side and the firms’ strategic responses on the other, emerged a wide variety of unintended consequences. The cases of the aircraft and petrochemicals illustrate how the government’s attempts to cultivate “national champion” companies by supporting the “visible hand” of management ended up stopping or twisting the “invisible hand,” thereby bringing the government’s policies to unforeseen failure. Meanwhile, the mainframe-computer industry sheds light on how the government can allow the visible hand and the invisible hand to coexist and function effectively.
Triassic igneous and sedimentary rocks exposed within the basement of the Andes were deposited in a series of rifts, and may record the early disassembly of western Pangaea. These rocks are ...sporadically exposed along almost the entire length of western South America, although reliable geochronological and isotopic data are sparse. We combine new geochronological (zircon U–Pb), isotopic (Hf, Nd) and geochemical data with stratigraphic observations to constrain the age and tectonic setting of the Mitu Rift of southern Peru. The Peruvian Mitu Rift is compared with other Triassic rifts in Colombia and Ecuador (Palanda Rift; 240–225Ma), Bolivia (Mitu Rift; Triassic), Bolivia, Chile and Argentina (e.g. Cuyo Basin; 246–230Ma), and conclusions are reached regarding the relationship between Triassic extension along the western margin of Pangaea, and the eventual formation of the Proto-Caribbean and Central Atlantic oceans. The Mitu Rift (Peru) was active during ~245–240 to ~220Ma and was synchronous with rifting along the Pacific margin of Colombia and Ecuador, along the Chilean margin and western Argentina, and probably rifting within Bolivia. Rifting north of the Huancabamba Deflection was accompanied by subduction and led to seafloor spreading, whereas rifting along the Peruvian and Chilean margins mainly occurred in the absence of subduction and terminated prior to the formation of extensive transitional crust. Extension within Peru and Chile probably occurred via a combination of transtension, steepening and detachment of an arrested slab. We propose that plate tectonic forces initiated the early break-up of Pangaea by attenuating its margins and enhancing mantle upwelling. Prolonged extension may have propagated along pre-existing weak zones that extended into the continental interior, captured melts derived from the upwelled mantle forming a LIP (e.g. Central Atlantic Magmatic Province), became hot and weak and eventually lead to the formation of a juvenile ocean (e.g. Central Atlantic).
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•The Mitu Rift (central and southern Peru) formed during ~245–240 to ~220Ma.•Middle–Late Triassic extension affected the entire western margin of S. America.•Plate margin forces initiated the early disassembly of western Pangaea.
As evaluation of practitioners’ competence is largely based on self-report, accuracy in practitioners’ self-assessment is essential for ensuring high quality treatment-delivery. The aim of this study ...was to assess the relationship between independent observers’ ratings and practitioners’ self-reported treatment integrity ratings of Motivational interviewing (MI). Practitioners (
N
= 134) were randomized to two types of supervision i.e., regular institutional group supervision, or individual telephone supervision based on the MI Treatment Integrity (MITI) code. The mean age was 43.2 years (SD = 10.2), and 62.7 percent were females. All sessions were recorded and evaluated with the MITI, and the MI skills were self-assessed with a questionnaire over a period of 12 months. The associations between self-reported and objectively assessed MI skills were overall weak, but increased slightly from baseline to the 12-months assessment. However, the self-ratings from the group that received monthly objective feedback were not more accurate than those participating in regular group supervision. These results expand findings from previous studies and have important implications for assessment of practitioners’ treatment fidelity: Practitioners may learn to improve the accuracy of self-assessment of competence, but to ensure that patients receive intended care, adherence and competence should be assessed objectively.
Introduzione al supplemento annuale “Volti del tradurre” a cura di Helena Aguilà Ruzola e Donatella Siviero, che contiene un’antologia di articoli sviluppati a partire da alcune ricerche presentate ...in occasione della VI Giornata internazionale sulla traduzione (Università di Palermo, 5-6 dicembre 2019, in collaborazione con l’Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona e l’Università di Messina).
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centered communication style with the aim to resolve client ambivalence within a change-related counseling. Its potential benefit for career counseling has ...been discussed by several scholars but no empirical research has investigated MI in this context so far. The current study used process measures from MI to investigate dynamic interactions within a career counseling intervention. Overall, we analyzed two videotaped sessions of 14 unique counselor–client dyads. Verbal behavior of counselors and clients were coded with two observational coding schemes from MI (one for counselors and one for clients, respectively). Behavior profiles of counselors were compared with benchmarks of good MI. Furthermore, client verbal ambivalence was compared between sessions. Finally, we conducted lag sequential analyses to analyze temporal dynamics between counselor behavior and immediate client verbal responses across N=6883 behavioral events. Our results showed, first, behavior profiles of career counselors did significantly differ from recommended counseling benchmarks of good MI practice. Second, as assumed on the basis of past studies, client ambivalence decreased across sessions. Third, MI consistent counselor behaviors showed a positive sequential association with client positive career talk, whereas MI inconsistent counselor behaviors showed the reverse pattern. Our results suggest that counseling behaviors recommended from MI are facilitating career interventions. We discuss how trainings in MI could amend career counseling interventions and provide ethical implications when integrating MI into career counseling programs.
•We provide the first study about Motivational Interviewing and career counseling.•Counselor profiles were distinct from recommendations of good MI.•Client within-session ambivalence was reduced across counseling sessions.•MI consistent behavior positively affected clients' positive career talk.
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