Chairman Corker, Ranking Member Cardin, and Members of the Committee: Thank you for inviting me to testify about Pakistan and the challenges for U.S. interests. In my testimony, I will address three ...broad issues. First, I will discuss U.S. assistance to Pakistan, weighing its limitations and its value as a policy tool for inducing Pakistan to undertake policies that serve U.S. interests.
Today maritime economy recognizes the seas and oceans as the main driving force for the sustainable economic growth across the globe. Pakistan with its unique geographic location is blessed with ...approximately 1050 km long coastline and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering an area of about 240,000 sq km. In a brief history of globalization, seaborne trade and sea ports have made significant contributions towards socioeconomic development, thereby strengthening economic ties among states of various regions. Similarly, Pakistan's Gwadar port emerges as an ideal hub port in the region due to its unique strategic placement to attract trade from Central Asia, Afghanistan, west China and other countries due to its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz (SoH), which is the main shipping route, and connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. Today, Gwadar's geostrategic positioning enables it to monitor and control the oil trade routes and Sea Lines of Communications (SLOCs) between the regions of South Asia, West Asia, Africa and Central Asia. Gwadar's deep–sea port characteristic is one of the rare features which equips it to expand its operation to the 88 berths and capacity to anchor gigantic vessels from 100,000 DWT to 200,000 DWT. The working capacity of the Gwadar Port is equal to the Persian Gulf ports. This paper attempts to determine the potential and strength of the Gwadar Port as a growth catalyst for Pakistan as the country's international trade is directed through the sea.
Eighteenth Amendment to Pakistans Constitution has made the Prime Minister of Pakistan, and hence the parliament, stronger instead of the President by abolishing Article 58(2) (b) just as the ...Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 in England made the parliament stronger by abolishing Divine Rights of the kings and paving the way towards the constitutional monarchy by passing the Bill of Rights in 1689. Just as the 'Bill of Rights constituted a new era of democracy in England, the 18th constitutional amendment has promised the same. Furthermore, this constitutional software has removed the Concurrent List from the Constitution of1973, thereby assigningmore administrative, legislative and fiscal responsibilities to the federating units. The paperfinds that by thepassage of the 18 th amendment, concrete constitutional measures were taken to transform a centralizedfederation into a participatoryfederation and now it is the constitutionally-driven responsibility of the provinces to chalk out development prcjects, addressing the peoples demands through enhanced fiscal discipline and well-coordinated public policies at their levels. In addition, consensus over the 7th NFC award was an historically important event in the politico-constitutional annals of the federation of Pakistan.
This study explores the political psychology of General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan’s most recent military dictator. It categorises his ‘operational code’—a collection of general political beliefs ...assessed from spoken and/or written statements—over four periods of his nine years of power.
By analysing word choices in 55 interviews and press conferences, the findings suggest that Musharraf maintained stable beliefs of a friendly political universe and a preference for cooperative strategies to achieve his goals. The largest changes in his beliefs came immediately after 9/11. Before, Musharraf expressed his strongest beliefs of a friendly political universe and favour for cooperation. After 9/11, these beliefs decreased, but they remained overall friendly and cooperative.
Additionally, 9/11 appears to have had the largest influence on Musharraf’s beliefs on how he should operate to meet his goals (instrumental beliefs), not on his beliefs of others in the political environment (philosophical beliefs).
Applied today, this can be useful when engaging Pakistan’s leaders. With Musharraf as an example, the long-held, philosophical beliefs of Pakistan’s leaders may not easily change. Foreign officials may find more success accepting these beliefs and focusing on shared goals that align with Pakistan’s political worldview.
This study employs discourse analysis and corpus analysis to investigate the use of reflexive metadiscourse in national addresses delivered by three national leaders, one from Thailand, one from ...Myanmar, and one from Pakistan, during periods of democratic reform in their respective countries. The corpus of 129,460 running words was constructed by randomly selecting fifteen addresses from each of the leaders’ national address pools. The corpus was analyzed and coded with tags to classify the metadiscourse functions employed by the speakers, and the taxonomy proposed by Ädel (2010) was adapted to serve as the framework for analysis. The search terms “I” and the inclusive “we,” “you,” “let me,” and “let us” were used in screening non-reflexive sentences. The study found that sixteen metadiscourse functions from Ädel’s (2010) taxonomy are present in the corpus, and that 314 (4.09%) of the 7,663 sentences in the corpus have reflexive metadiscourse functions. The study also found significant use of the ‘elaborating’ function, which signals the audience that the speaker is about to elaborate on the current topic and/or emphasize a particular aspect thereof. This function was previously considered an ‘other speech act labelling’ function.
