Children with feeding disorders may pack food when they lack the oral‐motor skills, the motivation, or both to swallow. Presenting bites on the tongue with a Nuk brush, or redistribution, replacing ...packed food on the tongue, are two treatments whose relative efficacy is untested. In the current study, we compared the effects of (a) presenting on an upright spoon, (b) presenting on a Nuk, and (c) redistributing with a Nuk on two product measures of swallowing, which we refer to as 15‐s and 30‐s mouth clean, for three children with feeding disorders. Nuk presentation produced the highest levels of 15‐s mouth clean relative to Nuk redistribution and upright‐spoon presentation across participants. Levels of 30‐s mouth clean were higher during Nuk presentation and Nuk redistribution relative to upright‐spoon presentation for two participants. We discuss the oral‐motor skills and motivational deficits that might account for the findings.
Children with feeding disorders exhibit a variety of problem behaviors during meals. One method of treating problem mealtime behavior is to implement interventions sequentially after the problem ...behavior emerges (e.g., Sevin, Gulotta, Sierp, Rosica, & Miller, 2002). Alternatively, interventions could target problem behavior in anticipation of its emergence. In the current study, we implemented nonremoval and re‐presentation of bites either on a spoon or on a Nuk for 12 children with feeding problems. The nonremoval and re‐presentation treatment improved feeding behavior for 8 of 12 children. Of those 8 children, 5 had lower levels of expulsions, and 4 of the 8 children had higher levels of mouth clean with the Nuk than with the spoon. We describe the subsequent clinical course of treatment and present follow‐up data for 7 of the 8 children who responded to the nonremoval and re‐presentation treatment with the spoon or Nuk. The data are discussed in terms of potential reasons why the utensil manipulation improved feeding behavior for some children.
Žitje sv. Gregorija, rimskega papeža je osmo besedilo Supraseljskega zbornika,najobsežnejšega starocerkvenoslovanskega cirilskega spomenika iz 10.-11. stoletja. V nekdanji Kopitarjevi zapuščini, ki ...je danes del Rokopisne zbirke NUK v Ljubljani, je pod sign. Cod. Kop. 2 shranjenih prvih 118 listov menologija - cerkvenih beril za mesec marec. Prvi del zbornika oblikuje skupno devetnajst besedil, od tega je sedemnajst žitij pravoslavnih svetnikov ter po ena pohvala in molitev. Žitje sv. Gregorija, rimskega papeža se po vsebini od večine žitij razlikuje, saj ne opisuje mučeniške smrti svetnika, ampak njegovo posvečeno življenje oz. njegovo legendarno pozitivno lastnost - dobroto in radodarnost.
Molecular gradients have been postulated to control the topographic mapping of retinal axons in their central targets. Based initially on their expression patterns, and more recently on functional ...studies, members of the EphA subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin-A ligands have been implicated in the guidance of retinal axons along the anterior–posterior axis of the chick optic tectum. The report that a receptor of the EphB subfamily, EphB2/Cek5/Nuk/Sek3, is expressed in a high ventral to low dorsal gradient in the developing chick retina and is present on ganglion cell axons suggests that it may be involved in the mapping of retinal axons along the corresponding dorsal–ventral axis of the tectum. To address this issue, we have determined the expression and distribution of ephrin-B1/LERK-2/Cek5-L and ephrin-B2/LERK-5/Htk-L/ELF-2, ligands for EphB2, in the developing chick retinotectal system using riboprobes, immunocytochemistry, and receptor affinity probes. Both ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2 transcripts are expressed in a high dorsal to low ventral gradient in the developing retina, complementary to the distribution of EphB2. Ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2 proteins are predominantly found in the developing plexiform layers, suggesting a role in the development of intraretinal connections. Neither protein is detected on ganglion cell axons. In tectum, ephrin-B1 transcripts are expressed in a high dorsal to low ventral gradient in the neuroepithelium and the protein is present along the processes of radial glia and is concentrated at their endfeet in the stratum opticum, at the time retinal axons are growing through it. This distribution of ephrin-B1 suggests that it influences retinal axon mapping along the dorsal–ventral tectal axis and may also be involved in intratectal development. In contrast, ephrin-B2 transcripts and protein are localized to the deeper retinorecipient laminae in the tectum at the time retinal axons begin to arborize in them, suggesting that this ligand may influence the laminar patterning of retinal axon terminations.
The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases has 13 distinct members and seven ligands for these receptors have been described to date. These receptors and their ligands have been implicated in ...regulating neuronal axon guidance and in patterning of the developing nervous system and may also serve a patterning and compartmentalization role outside of the nervous system as well. The ligands are all membrane-attached, and this attachment appears to be crucial for their normal function; five of the known ligands are linked to the membrane via a glycosyl phosphotidylinositol (GPI) linkage, while two of the ligands are transmembrane proteins. Despite the large number of Eph family receptors and ligands, they can be divided into just two major subclasses based on their binding specificities. All the GPI-anchored ligands bind and activate one subclass of the Eph receptors (that represented by Eck) while the two transmembrane ligands bind and activate the other major subclass of receptors (represented by Elk). Here we report the identification and characterization of the third, and most divergent, member of the transmembrane group of Eph ligands, which we term Elk-L3 (Elk-related receptor ligand number 3). Elk-L3 is notable for its remarkably restricted and prominent expression in the floor plate and roof plate of the developing neural tube and its rhombomere-specific expression in the developing hindbrain. The Elk-L3 gene has been localized to mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17.
NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care ...are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.
We present crystallization experiments on Archean Nuk gneiss from West Greenland, and relate these to conditions for early continental crustal genesis. The studied composition is a trondhjemite from ...a voluminous felsic intrusive phase dated at 2,800-3,000 m.y. In a detailed set of experiments at 10 kbar, the liquidus mineralogy is observed to change with increasing water content from plagioclase above 1000°C and <3.5 wt % water, to clinopyroxene at 850-1000°C with 3.5-7 wt % water, to hornblende below 850°C with >7 wt % water. Water saturation of the melt occurs with 10.5 wt % water at 800°C. Mafic liquidus minerals at 15 kbar differ from those at 10 kbar in that garnet replaces pyroxene, and that epidote replaces hornblende below 690°C at >13 wt % water and at water saturation (15.5 wt %). Garnet crystallization is never observed at pressures below 13 kbar. Using additional experiments at 12.5, 13, and 17 kbar, the liquidus phase variation for trondhjemite with water is accurately defined between 8-18 kbars and 700-1200°C. Based on its liquidus mineralogy, this trondhjemite melt with 7-8 wt % water coexists with garnet, hornblende, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase at approximately 900°C at 14 kbar. At lower water contents than 7 wt % and higher temperatures than 900°C, plagioclase$\pm$garnet crystallization is expected at pressures above 13 kbar and plagioclase$\pm$pyroxene crystallization is expected at pressures below 13 kbar. REE patterns of Nûk gneiss prescribe a hornblende- or garnet-bearing residue from which the trondhjemite melts were extracted. For hornblende this requires high melt water contents (>8 wt %) and melting at temperatures below 900°C. For garnet, generally lower water contents and higher pressures and temperatures are needed. The experiments also indicate that trondhjemites are part of a narrow compositional interval in which water-bearing melts will form magmatic epidote at pressures of 8 kbar and higher. A near-solidus assemblage containing epidote + biotite + plagioclase ($\approx 20-30\%An$) + quartz should be expected in such rocks.
Author challenges one of the oldest accounting double bookkeeping rules, used since 1494, and proposes instead application of the quadruple accounting entry. He presents the concept of the multiply ...accounting entry for the risk financial statements and risk management. The development gap concept is described and introduces a simplified entry and reporting example. Model is illustrated with a number of financial-risk statements and attributes including the journal entries. The potential completion edge for users is weighted against costs and benefits.
Provider: - Institution: Ministrstvo za kulturo, Direktorat za kulturno dediščino, INDOK center - Data provided by Europeana Collections- jurkloštrski rokopis (reprodukcija, original hrani NUK)- All ...metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: Ministrstvo za kulturo, Direktorat za kulturno dediščino, INDOK center - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Stiški rokopis, Ms 7, fol. 57v (hrani NUK)- All metadata ...published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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