In today's interconnected world, nations confront complex economic challenges. The G20 serves as a crucial forum for coordinated action, with member countries taking turns in the annual presidency. ...Indonesia's stewardship in 2022 was marked by a concerted focus on global economic recovery, especially in the wake of the momentum of COVID-19, and the demonstration of its leadership prowess on the international stage. This study employs qualitative research methods and national interest theory to delve into Indonesia's strategic priorities during its historic first G20 presidency in 2022. Through a meticulous analysis of Indonesia's initiatives, it becomes evident that the presidency not only advanced the interests of the G20 as a whole but also brought significant benefits to Indonesia, the ASEAN region, and developing countries worldwide. This examination underscores Indonesia's adept maneuvering and strategic engagement within the broader global economic landscape.
"Fanis demonstrates an impressive ability to travel nimbly between abstract theoretical concepts and a messy reality. In each one of the case study chapters, her analysis is rich, thoughtful, and ...imaginative."-Ido Oren, University of Florida
Combining insights from cultural studies, gender studies, and social history, Maria Fanis shows the critical importance of national identity in decisions about war and peace. She challenges conventional approaches by demonstrating that domestic ethical codes influence perceptions of threat from abroad. With an in-depth study of U.S.-British relations in the first half of the nineteenth century, and with an application to the recent War in Iraq, she ties changes in U.S. and British national interest to shifts in these nations' domestic codes of morality.
Fanis's findings have important implications for contemporary international relations theory. Apart from its relevance to current events, her work also makes a contribution to the literatures on foreign policy-specifically American and British foreign policies-and the causes of war.
The “national interest” is a very actual, complex contemporary concept, yet still not sufficiently investigated. It is the final product of the activity of any legitimate government of any state, ...constantly and continuously materialized through its competent institutions and citizens, both inside the country’s borders, and abroad. For Romania, national interests represent the dominant, continuous and institutionalized ways in which the state relates to its national values.
Xi Jinping cast himself as the sole herald of China's foreign policy. Following his lead, many observers base their assessments of the Chinese government's intentions on his statements alone. ...However, China's foreign policy rhetoric is still shaped by various actors within the government. This article examines variation in China's foreign policy rhetoric by examining how China's national interest is constructed and whether it has become more consistent the longer Xi Jinping is in office through quantitative and qualitative content analyses. It finds significant differences in emphasis between policy-making levels and between the General Secretary/State President, Premier, State Council Information Office, and Foreign Minister. Hence, to decipher China's foreign policy intentions, researchers should also consider foreign policy statements by actors other than the General Secretary and be attentive to differences in statements by different actors.
In mainstream academic discourse, the emergence of national identities has mostly been explained from a powerful modernist approach, claiming that nations, as we know them today, are modern and ...constructed phenomena. This implies that the spotlight of research has been on interest-based homogenization motives and how they can create mass loyalty as an efficient socio-cultural basis for political elites and capitalist markets. Nevertheless, attention might be slightly diverted from the possible emotional and cognitive motives of national identities. According to the conceptualization in this paper, interest-based motives can be paired with these emotional and intellectual motives, together constituting a generally relevant tripartite concept of national self-identification, where emotionality can be revealed through the “irrational” separatist feature of modern nationalisms, while cognitive motives are embodied in the expectations towards nations to offer intellectually defendable meaningful explanations about a collective origin and “our” place within the world. Without questioning the significance of means-end rationality behind the national homogenization processes, all of this points to a rather interrelated entanglement of motives where the development of the attitude of “belonging to a nation” is fueled not solely by interest, but emotional (“separatist”) motives and cognitive-intellectual (“historizing”) motives alike. As a result, we can establish a conceptual framework, not stressing the primacy of any of these motives within nationalisms, but instead focusing on the possible ways in which interest-based need for homogenization can collude with the emotional need of cultural boundary-making (separatism) as well as with the intellectual need for coherent explanations of state of affairs (historicism).
This article discusses the role of maritime diplomacy conducted by Indonesia through the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IOR) in realizing its vision as a Global Maritime Fulcrum. The article presents ...a descriptive qualitative analysis. We explore maritime diplomacy and international cooperation to understand why Indonesia actively participates in IORA. The discussion reveals that IORA serves as a driving force for Indonesia in advancing its national interest and rebuilding trust in Indonesia's maritime culture.
This introductory framing paper theorizes the role of legitimation-the public justification of policy-in the making of grand strategy. We contend that the process of legitimation has significant and ...independent effects on grand strategy's constituent elements and on how grand strategy is formulated and executed. Legitimation is integral to how states define the national interest and identify threats, to how the menu of policy options is constituted, and to how audiences are mobilized. Second, we acknowledge that legitimation matters more at some times than others, and we develop a model specifying the conditions under which it affects political processes and outcomes. We argue that the impact of legitimation depends on the government's need for mobilization and a policy's visibility, and from the intersection of these two factors we derive five concrete hypotheses regarding when legitimation is most likely to have an impact on strategy. Finally, we explore who wins: why legitimation efforts sometimes succeed in securing public assent, yet at other times fall short. Our framework emphasizes what is said (the content of legitimation), how it is said (technique), and the context in which it is said. We conclude by introducing the papers in this special issue, revisiting the larger theoretical stakes involved in studying rhetoric and foreign policy, and speculating about how changes in the technologies and sites of communication have, or have not, transformed legitimation and leadership in world politics.
Purpose: This article is devoted to the analysis of characteristics of national interests’ institutionalization in the North American tradition, namely the evolution of their legal consolidation and ...the practice of implementation in modern conditions. Methodology: The methodological basis of the present research is based on the application of various general scientific methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, system-structural, formal-logical approaches), as well as particular scientific methods, i.e. historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, and interpretative. Result: The characteristics of the North American approach to the issues of strategic planning and the development of program documents in the field of ensuring national interests are established, systematized, and characterized by the content of US National Security Strategies of past decades, in terms of securing national interests in them and areas of their implementation. Applications: This research can be used for universities and students in history. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of national interests institutionalization in the North American tradition is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
This article contributes to the construction of Czech national interest. It is based on a combination of economic and sociological knowledge. We define the general requirements on components of ...national interests (most importantly their total number, time horizon, and general comprehensibility). Additionally, we provide proposals on how these components might be defined. The article also criticizes the manipulation of national interest – specifically in the case of international comparisons. In conclusions, the article makes an argument for identification and use of Czech competitive advantages.
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