In August 1942, five transports were sent to the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau from the territory of the Independent State of Croatia (ISC), with approximately 5,000 Jews. One of them was ...sent from Vinkovci with circa 1,000 Jews. It left the territory of the ISC on 19 August, and arrived in Auschwitz on 22 August. The transport has been only partially researched, mostly regarding victims from the Serbian part of the Syrmia region, without taking into account the complete picture, and with various omissions and mistakes. Documents scattered in numerous archival and other heritage institutions, many of them unknown to research communities in Croatia and Serbia, compared with statistical data for inhabitants of the settlements included in the analysis, reveal what was going on with Jewish communities not only in the wider region of Syrmia (Srijem), nowadays in Croatia and Serbia, but also in Bijeljina in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from where Jews were also incorporated into that transport. The analysis includes not only Jews who were sent to Auschwitz via the detention camp in Vinkovci, where they were kept during July and August 1942 (Jews from Vukovar, Županja, Ruma, Sremska Mitrovica, Bijeljina, Ilok, Šid, maybe some from Stara Pazova), but also those who were sent to the concentration camps in Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška from May to August 1942 (Jews from Vinkovci and Zemun, most of the Jews from Stara Pazova, maybe/probably some of those from Ilok and Šid). The paper also includes a review of the destiny of Syrmian and Bijeljina’s Jews during 1941 and in the earlier period of 1942. The Holocaust was almost complete in those areas in August 1942. The only exemption was granted to Jews in mixed marriages and their children, those employed in medical services, and individuals who were exempt on some other basis. Most of them perished in the next wave of deportations in May 1943. The results of the research give a clearer picture of the flow of Holocaust in that part of the territory of the ISC and can be used for the correction and supplementation of the data about victims, not only of the individuals who perished in Auschwitz, registered in the death books from the camp or confirmed as victims of that camp by other sources, but also of those who perished in the concentration camps Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška. Regarding the Croatian part of Syrmia, some new results refer to the victims from Vukovar and Ilok who perished in Auschwitz but were previously linked to the Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška camps. Some of the victims, e.g. those from Županja, were not registered at all, and were mostly deported to Auschwitz. The data for Jews from Vinkovci and Zemun, almost all of whom perished in Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška from May to July 1942, can also be updated from the transfer lists of the Ustasha Surveillance Service (Ustaška nadzorna Služba, UNS) used in this research.
Autor donosi zapisnike sa sjednica tabora Ustaške mladeži u Vukovaru od srpnja 1942. do travnja 1943. godine. U zapisnicima se nalaze podatci o djelovanju lokalne organizacije Ustaške mladeži u ...Vukovaru u razdoblju nešto kraćem od godine dana iz kojih se može dobiti dojam o intenzitetu, kvaliteti, preferencijama i načinu na koji je tabor, kao osnovna teritorijalna ustrojbena jedinica organizacije Ustaške mladeži, administrirao i vodio mušku i žensku mladež grada Vukovara od 7 do 18 godina. Zapisniku prethodi kraće objašnjenje ustroja i djelovanja Ustaške mladeži, te su dodatnim bilješkama uz tekst objašnjeni neki važniji momenti i informacije koje ovi dokumenti sadrže.
Tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata veliki broj ljudi otišao je iz Nezavisne Države Hrvatske na rad u Njemački Reich. Dio njih otišao je u Njemačku dobrovoljno, a dio kao prisilna radna snaga. U sklopu te ...šire teme, ovaj prilog, uglavnom na temelju arhivskih izvora, opisuje kako je dio radne snage iz Nezavisne Države Hrvatske bio upućen na rad u njemačku zrakoplovnu industriju.
During World War II a large number of people from the Independent State of Croatia (ISC) went to work in the German Reich. Some of them volunteered for work in Germany, while others were forced labourers. Within this wider topic, this paper, based mostly on archival sources, describes how the workforce from ISC was mobilized to work in the German aircraft industry. The Minister of the Croatian Home Guard, marshal Slavko Kvaternik, agreed with the German representatives on mobilizing ethnic Serbs to the Home Guard and then to deport them to work in German aircraft factories. This was called the „Action Rittmeister von Koczian”, because the German representative in the ISC responsible for securing the workforce for German aircraft industry was Gustav von Koczian, a former Austro-Hungarian cavalry officer (Rittmeister). This action is interesting because, due to anti-Serb policies of the ISC regime, ethnic Serbs were initially not mobilized to serve in the Croatian Home Guards and only from mid-1942 were they mobilized into labour units. But even many of those who were mobilized into labour units were then transferred to work in German aircraft factories. Although exact data are not available, it is possible that at least around 10,000 Serbs were mobilized to the Home Guards and then sent to work in the German aircraft industry. These men were paid for their work in aircraft factories and were allowed to send a part of their income to their families in the ISC. They also were, under certain conditions, allowed to go on leave and visit their families. Nevertheless, a certain number of Serbs avoided mobilization and were sent to Germany, whereas some of them joined the Partisan units. Those who ended up in German factories were subject to ISC military rules and inspected by the Home Guard officers detailed to maintain discipline among these workers. Other workers from ISC, through different channels, were also employed in the German aircraft industry or worked as skilled ground personnel for Luftwaffe. All these workers represented a smaller, but not insignificant part of around 200,000 workers that, either voluntarily or forcibly, went from ISC to serve the German economy during World War II.
Bivšega policijskog upravitelja u Banjoj Luci i Sarajevu vlastodršci su krajem 1940. odabrali za ravnatelja zagrebačkoga redarstvenog ravnateljstva kao zamjenu za nepouzdanoga Josipa Vragovića. ...Svojim je iskustvom i oštrim pristupom prema neistomišljenicima političkoga poretka, prokušanim tijekom sedamnaestogodišnje policijske službe, trebao suspregnuti sve snažniju djelatnost komunističkih i ustaško-frankovačkih snaga u hrvatskoj metropoli neposredno pred početak
ratnih operacija na ovim prostorima. U prilogu se nastoji približiti Vikertov profesionalni i privatni život uz iznošenje podataka o njegovoj
povezanosti s onodobnim političkim strukturama, načinu ophođenja s protivnicima režima te najbližim suradnicima. Posebna je pozornost posvećena upravljanju policijom u Banjoj Luci, Sarajevu i Zagrebu, što je naposljetku i dovelo do toga da je samo nekoliko dana nakon uspostave
Nezavisne Države Hrvatske postao jednom od za režim najnepoželjnijih osoba.
Rikard Vikert (1889–1941) was the last chief of the Zagreb police before the beginning of World War II in this region. He remained at this
post only for a short time. Despite this, immediately after the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, he was declared one of the most wanted persons of the new regime. The reasons for this were related to his earlier policing activities, especially his performance as the head of the Sarajevo police (1935–1940), when he was responsible for the cruel treatment of political dissidents of the old Yugoslav regime.
He was trained to perform police duties as early as the time of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, acting as part of the armed forces, i.e. the gendarmerie, immediately after the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He was well-accepted in centralist circles because he voluntarily left the Austro-Hungarian army and joined the Serbian army at the very beginning of the Great War. In this way, he gained the trust of Belgrade’s political elites, which found him suitable for larger police tasks, due to the fact he was an educated officer. From 1923, he was employed by the Ministry of the Interior, and
climbed the administrative ladder within the police apparatus. He experienced a professional zenith when he became the chief of the Zagreb
police, where he tried to oppose the increasingly strong attempts of members of the Ustasha and communist movements to break the old order. After the entry of German forces into Yugoslavia and the proclamation of
the puppet Independent State of Croatia, he and his associates fled Zagreb, trying to find refuge in Sarajevo. There, at the end of April 1941, he committed suicide while resisting an attempt of the Ustasha police to apprehend him.
Usredotočujući se na privatne zbirke zagrebačkih židovskih obitelji spomenute u Izvještaju o provedbi zakonske odredbe o zabrani otuđivanja i izvažanja starinskih umjetničkih, kulturno-povjesnih i ...prirodnih spomenika na području Nezavisne Države Hrvatske koji je u srpnju 1941. godine sastavio Božidar Murgić, namjera je ovog priloga istražiti sudbinu oduzetih zbirki odnosno pojedinačnih umjetnina, pokušati rekonstruirati nekadašnji sadržaj i opseg tih zbirki te predstaviti sakupljačke interese u Izvještaju spomenutih zagrebačkih sakupljača.
The author focuses on the private collections of Jewish families in Zagreb mentioned in the Report on the Implementation of the Legal Prohibition of Alienation and Removal of Artworks, Cultural, Historical and Natural Monuments in the Independent State of Croatia compiled by Božidar Murgić in July 1941. The article intends to investigate the fate of confiscated collections or individual works of art, and tries to reconstruct the former content and scope of these collections and present the collecting interests of the Zagreb collectors mentioned in the Report.
U početku svibnja 1941. skupina mladih ustaša pri Ustaškom stanu u
Karlovcu uhitila je i ubila trojicu Srba. Afera, poznata i kao slučaj Vujičić
(prema Milanu Vujičiću, najpoznatijoj žrtvi, ...odvjetniku i političaru)
svojedobno je zataškana, no u historiografiji i publicistici ostavila je
dubljega traga od nekih većih zlodjela. U proljeće 1947. Jugoslaviji je izručen
Vladimir Židovec, diplomat Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH), koji je u doba
zločina bio tajnik karlovačkoga Ustaškog stana. On je podvrgnut intenzivnoj
istrazi u kojoj je ponudio i svoju suradnju. U poduljem i višestruko upitnom
svjedočenju on je kao inicijatora zločina teretio svojega lokalnog suparnika,
predsjednika Stana Antu Nikšića, koji je i sâm završio u diplomatskoj službi
NDH, ali je neko vrijeme bio i ministar unutarnjih poslova. Unatoč raznim
dvojbenim pojedinostima istrage, na tezi prema kojoj je Nikšić potaknuo
ubojstvo svojega osobnog prijatelja Vujičića ustraje se već desetljećima. Kao
navodno neprijeporna činjenica našla je put u leksikografsku literaturu, a i
poslužila u poopćenim kontekstualizacijama. U članku se stoga na osnovu nekih
novih saznanja nastoji ponovno razmotriti cijeli slučaj, ne radi konačnoga
odgovora, već kako bi se upozorilo na nužnost suzdržanijih interpretacija, kad
se one odnose na materijale koji su imali zadovoljiti potrebe tajnih službi.
In early May 1941, three Serbs were killed by a group of young Ustasha
militiamen assigned to the local headquarters of the Ustasha movement in the
Croatian city of Karlovac. The affair, known as »the Vujičić case« after its
best known victim, attorney and politician Milan Vujičić, was hushed up at that
time, but the case left a deeper imprint on historical studies than some of the
larger atrocities committed during the period. The case was reopened in early
1947, upon the extradition of Vladimir Židovec to Yugoslavia. Židovec was the
secretary of the local Ustaša HQ at the time of the crime, and afterwards a
diplomat in the Independent State of Croatia (ISC). Subjected to harsh
interrogation by the Yugoslav Udba secret police, Židovec offered to
collaborate and authored a lengthy but tainted testimony. He claimed that his
antagonist and formal local superior Ante Nikšić, afterwards an ISC diplomat
and minister of the interior, initiated the crime. In spite of various
important deficiencies of the inquiry, the thesis that Nikšić had instigated
the murder of his personal friend Vujičić has been reiterated over the years.
It has been incorporated into reference manuals as a proven fact, and has even
been contextualized on a larger scale. This article therefore strives to
reconsider the case on the basis of some new elements. While offering no final
answers, it points to various incongruences of the present interpretation.
Autor članka na temelju arhivskoga gradiva kriminalističke policije i okružnih tužiteljstava Republike Slovenije, Povjerenstva Vlade Republike Slovenije za rješavanje pitanja prikrivenih grobišta, ...izvješća izvođača ekshumacija i terenskih istraživanja te objavljenih znanstvenih djela prezentira analizu istraživanja prikrivenih grobišta u Sloveniji od demokratskih promjena 1990. do 2022. s posebnim naglaskom na grobištima s hrvatskim žrtvama. Prikrivena grobišta i žrtve u njima bila su sve do 1990. izbrisana iz javnoga sjećanja. Planska terenska istraživanja grobišta započela su tek 2006. i nakon otkrića žrtava u rudniku u Hudoj Jami 2009. su prekinuta. Novi Zakon o prikrivenim vojnim grobištima i ukopu žrtava iz 2015. omogućava i kontinuirano istraživanje i ekshumacije te uređenja grobišta s hrvatskim žrtvama.
Using archival materials from the criminal police and district prosecutor’s offices of the Republic of Slovenia, the Government Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia, exhumation reports and field research, and published scientific works, the author of this paper presents an analysis of the investigation of concealed mass graves from the democratic changes in 1990 to 2022, with particular emphasis on mass graves containing Croatian victims. The concealed mass graves and their victims were erased from public memory until 1990. Planned field research of the mass graves began only in 2006, and ceased in 2009, after the victims in the Huda Jama mine were found. The new Law on concealed mass graves and victim burials of 2015 allows the continuous investigation, exhumation, and development of mass grave sites containing Croatian victims.
Autor na temelju relevantne literature i (ne)poznatih izvora prikazuje djelovanje Giuseppea Masuccija kao tajnika apostolskog poslanika za vrijeme Nezavisne Države Hrvatske i u prvoj godini ...komunističke Jugoslavije. U radu se posebno analiziraju do sada neistraženi dokumenti koji se nalaze u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu (fond Službe državne sigurnosti), a koji su rezultat rada jugoslavenskih tajnih službi za vrijeme nadzora i obrade Giuseppea Masuccija. Također, na istome mjestu nalazi se i do sada nepoznata inačica prijevoda Masuccijeva dnevnika, koja se na brojnim mjestima ne podudara s onom objavljenom 1967. u Madridu. Autor pokazuje kako se bez cjelovitog prikaza Masuccijeva djelovanja ne može ispravno zaključivati ne samo o djelovanju zagrebačkog nadbiskupa Stepinca nego ni općenito o državno-crkvenim odnosima u promatranom razdoblju.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Savić Marković Štedimlija bio je crnogorski publicist, književnik i pisac. Sudjelovao je u hrvatskom javnom životu od tridesetih godina prošlog stoljeća do kraja rata. Dolazak u Zagreb, u kojem je ...tada bujao hrvatski nacionalni pokret protiv beogradske diktature, jugoslavenskog nacionalizma i komunističke propagande, presudno je utjecalo na smjer kasnijih Štedimlijinih pogleda. U Zagrebu je njegov crnogorski nacionalizam postao razrađeniji i izoštreniji, pišući ondje svoja najznamenitija djela o crnogorskim pitanjima. Istovremeno se odrekao komunističke ljevice. Branio je ratni pokušaj hrvatske i crnogorske samostalnosti i izjašnjavao se kao neprijatelj zajedničke jugoslavenske države. Ulagao je napore u objašnjenje pojave partizanskog i četničkog pokreta u Drugom svjetskom ratu. S obzirom na to da je partizanski pokret prema kraju rata pokazivao daleko veću opasnost za opstanak ratne hrvatske države, razmjerno tomu davao mu je u svojim spisima daleko veći prostor. Nastojao je stoga pojasniti zbog kojih se razloga tako munjevitom brzinom među srpskim narodom počeo širiti partizanski pokret pod odlučujućim vodstvom srpskih i jugoslavenskih komunista.
U članku se na osnovu neobjavljene arhivske građe iz Vojnog arhiva u Beogradu, objavljenih izvora koji se čuvaju u hrvatskim arhivima, relevantne memoarske i istoriografske literature, prikazuje ...atmosfera u društvu Kraljevine Jugoslavije, s naglaskom na Bjelovar. Posebna pažnja je posvećena analizi izvođenja mobilizacije jedinica Slavonske divizije i rekonstrukciji toka pobune njenih pešadijskih pukova u vreme Aprilskog rata 1941. godine.
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