In Slovenia national strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children were introduced in the mid-nineties. The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiological ...characteristics of chronic hepatitis B infection in children in Slovenia after the introduction of mandatory HBV vaccination of children and mandatory screening of pregnant women for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) with consecutive active and passive immunization of newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers.
Children from all regions of Slovenia whose blood samples tested positive for HBsAg at the national reference laboratory for viral hepatitis between January 1997 and December 2010 were included. Demographic, epidemiological and virological data were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical evaluation of the patients' characteristics was performed and possible trends during the observation period determined.
Among 52 HBsAg-positive children, there were 22 (42.3%) girls and 30 (57.7%) boys. Among 40 children tested for HBeAg, 17 were positive (42.5%). The most frequent risk factor for acquiring HBV infection was "presence of HBV infection within the family" (24/35; 68.8%). A significant association between the presence of HBeAg and a viral load of >20,000 IU/ml was found (p=0.001). The difference in the proportion of children of Slovenian origin born before 1994 and after was statistically significant (p=0.039). A statistically significant negative linear trend of the number of diagnosed children in the observed period was found (p=0.006).
Prevention strategies adopted in the mid-nineties have resulted in the elimination of chronic hepatitis B in children of Slovenian origin born in Slovenia.
Izhodišča. V klinični praksi za ovrednotenje prehranskih dnevnikov običajno uporabljamo računalniško podporo, bodisi v obliki računalniškega programa ali spletne aplikacije. Namen članka je ...predstaviti rezultate primerjave nemškega računalniškega programa in slovenske spletne aplikacije za ovrednotenje prehranskega vnosa na osnovi metode štiridnevnega papirnega tehtanega prehranskega dnevnika (papirni PD), ki so ga vodile nosečnice.
Background. Dietary assessment in clinical practice is performed by means of computer support, either in the form of a web-based tool or software. The aim of the paper is to present the results of ...the comparison of a Slovenian web-based tool with German software for the evaluation of four-day weighted paper-andpencil- based dietary records (paper-DRs) in pregnant women.
Methods. A volunteer group of pregnant women (n=63) completed paper-DRs. These records were entered by an experienced research dietitian into a web-based application (Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition, OPEN, http://opkp.si/en, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and software application (Prodi 5.7 Expert plus, Nutri- Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). The results for calculated energy intake, as well as 45 macro- and micronutrient intakes, were statistically compared by using the non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The cut-off for Spearman’s rho was set at >0.600.
Results. 12 nutritional parameters (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, dietary fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and stearic acid) were in high correlation (>0.800), 18 in moderate (0.600-0.799), 11 in weak correlation (0.400-0.599), while 5 (arachidonic acid, niacin, alphalinolenic acid, fluoride, total sugars) did not show any statistical correlation.
Conclusion. Comparison of the results of the evaluation of dietary records using a web-based dietary assessment tool with those using software shows that there is a high correlation for energy and macronutrient content.
Izhodišča. V klinični praksi za ovrednotenje prehranskih dnevnikov običajno uporabljamo računalniško podporo, bodisi v obliki računalniškega programa ali spletne aplikacije. Namen članka je predstaviti rezultate primerjave nemškega računalniškega programa in slovenske spletne aplikacije za ovrednotenje prehranskega vnosa na osnovi metode štiridnevnega papirnega tehtanega prehranskega dnevnika (papirni PD), ki so ga vodile nosečnice.
Metode. Skupina nosečnic prostovoljk (n=63) je vodila papirni PD. Izkušeni klinični dietetik je vnesel dnevnike v spletno aplikacijo (Odprta platforma za klinično prehrano, OPKP, http://opkp.si, Ljubljana, Slovenija) in računalniški program (Prodi 5.7 Exper Plus, Nutri-Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). Rezultate za izračunani energijski vnos ter vnos 45 makro- in mikrohranil s pomočjo aplikacije in programa smo statistično primerjali z neparametričnim Spearmanovim koeficientom (>0,600).
Rezultati. Visoko korelacijo (>0,800) med metodama smo ugotovili za 12 hranil (energija, ogljikovi hidrati, skupne maščobe, beljakovine, voda, kalij, kalcij, fosfor, skupna prehranska vlaknina, vitamin C, folna kislina in stearinska kislina), zmerno (0,600-0,799) za 18 hranil, šibko (0,400-0,599) za 11 hranil, medtem ko za 5 hranil ni bilo korelacije (arahidonska kislina, niacin, alfa-linolenska kislina, fluor, skupni sladkorji).
Zaključki. Rezultati ovrednotenja prehranskih dnevnikov s spletno aplikacijo in računalniškim programom so v visoki korelaciji za energijsko vrednost in vsebnost makrohranil.
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