Street capital Sandberg, Sveinung; Pedersen, Willy
10/2009
eBook
'Street capital' introduces the worlds of young black men dealing cannabis at a drug scene called The River in Oslo, Norway. The lives of these men are structured by a huge and complex cannabis ...economy and they are involved in fights, robberies and substance abuse. They lack jobs and education, and many of them do not have family or close friends, yet they do have 'street capital': the knowledge, skills and competence necessary to manage life on the streets.
Centred on this concept of 'street capital', this unique book presents a new theoretical framework - inspired by and expanding on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, the French sociologist - for understanding street cultures. It is based on extensive fieldwork and repeated in-depth interviews with dealers aged between 15 and 30, which explore themes including marginalisation, discrimination, cannabis dealing and drug use, violence, masculinity, hip-hop culture, experiences with the welfare system, and issues of immigration and racism. The book also analyses the discursive practice of marginalised people on the street and identifies the narratives by which these young men live.
This paper introduces a case study from Oslo, Norway, where two outreach programmes aimed at local children have been carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) as ...part of development-led archaeological investigations relating to the construction of the new Medieval Park (Middelalderparken). The first programme involved inviting younger children from four local kindergartens to site, whereas the second programme involved archaeologists visiting fourth graders at school. Both programmes had a clear pedagogical element at their core. The programmes are discussed in relation to both previous work we have done with children, and to the broader literature on archaeology, history, and education.
The Larvik Plutonic Complex is a monzonitic complex that was emplaced early during the formation of the Permian Oslo Rift (southern Norway). It extends across its entire width (around 50 km), and is ...made up of a majority of larvikite (augite monzonite) and lardalite (nepheline monzogabbro to nepheline syenite) distributed in ten successive intrusive units that partially intersect each other. The Larvik Plutonic Complex also hosts occurrences of singular Fe-Ti-P-rich rocks of magmatic origin, including the Kodal deposit. These are mainly composed of titanomagnetite, ilmenite, titanaugite and apatite, the latter also featuring rare earth elements (REE) enrichment. Here, we aim to unravel the conditions that allowed the Kodal deposit to form, and determine why other mineralized bodies are not seen elsewhere in the Larvik Plutonic Complex. We compared the petrography and elemental and isotope (Sr, Nd and Hf) geochemistry of both the Kodal mineralization and the neighboring larvikite, in order to provide evidence of their petrogenetic relationship. Both lithologies share the same isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr(i): 0.7035–0.7043; εNd(i): +2.37 − +3.48; εHf(i): +3.39 − +9.16), which would suggest a single homogeneous source. The very low dispersion of our isotopic data also suggests that crustal contamination levels in the area were low to negligible. Normalized trace diagrams of larvikite in several localities of the Larvik Plutonic Complex also show enrichments in most incompatible elements, which becomes more prevalent towards the Kodal deposit. Elements like Sr and Eu(2+) follow an opposite trend, because of their compatibility in plagioclase. We therefore infer that the region around the Kodal deposit hosts more fractionated larvikite due to the previous crystallization of successive plagioclase cumulates. We deduce that the Kodal lobe corresponds to a more evolved intrusion, which is no part of Pluton V per se, as considered in the literature until now, but instead derives at least from a monzonitic magma at the origin of the plutons V to VIII). This also implies that the formation of Fe-Ti-P mineralization at Kodal was most likely a consequence of enrichment of the residual melt in alkaline elements and incompatible elements. These conditions support an early hypothesis of formation by silicate-liquid immiscibility, along with petrographic evidence of disequilibrium at the mineralogical scale. However, further analyses would be required to test the hypotheses of silicate-liquid immiscibility against an accumulation of the Fe-Ti-P mineralization from an evolved intermediate magma.
•The Larvik Plutonic Complex contains evolved monzonite intrusions.•The region of Kodal in the Larvik Plutonic Complex contains a Fe-Ti-P deposit.•The Kodal Fe-Ti-P deposit formation is linked to an evolved monzonite body.•We suggest it might have formed by silicate-liquid immiscibility.
Hamas and civil society in Gaza Roy, Sara; Roy, Sara
2011., 20131110, 2013, 2011, 2011-06-01, 2014-01-01, 20110101, Letnik:
50
eBook
Many in the United States and Israel believe that Hamas is nothing but a terrorist organization, and that its social sector serves merely to recruit new supporters for its violent agenda. Based on ...Sara Roy's extensive fieldwork in the Gaza Strip and West Bank during the critical period of the Oslo peace process, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza shows how the social service activities sponsored by the Islamist group emphasized not political violence but rather community development and civic restoration.
The development of the Oslo Rift started in the latest Carboniferous in the northern foreland of the Variscan Orogen. The initial, intensive, and mainly mafic magmatism at around 300 Ma, was followed ...by a period of some 40 m.y. of mafic and felsic volcanic and plutonic activity. The present study applied U-Pb in zircon on rocks of the Krokskogen area northwest of Oslo to resolve in greater detail the sequence of events in this evolution. A major challenge, however, has been the absence or paucity of zircon, and their low quality for dating, in some of the important units, especially the alkalic (latitic) rhomb porphyries. The earliest rhomb porphyry flow RP1 yields an age of 299.7 ± 0.4 Ma. It was thus coeval with the earliest basaltic and alkalic eruptions in the southern part of the Oslo Graben. Flows RP6 and RP7 yield overlapping ages of 285.5 ± 0.8 and 284.9 ± 0.5 Ma, and RP11 is 280.2 ± 0.5 Ma. The Bærum, Oppkuven and Heggelia caldera volcanoes, and the Slottet kjelsåsite pluton developed at 276.7 to 275.9 Ma while the Øyangen caldera is somewhat younger at 273–272 Ma. A kjelsåsite stock has an age of 265.4 ± 0.6 Ma, predating the 262.3 ± 0.5 Ma Blindern rhomb porphyry-like dyke, which is among the youngest magmatic expressions in the rift. The new data stress the importance of the magmatic burst at around 300 Ma, possibly plume related, along the entire Oslo Rift, and sharpens our understanding of the timing of the subsequent protracted sequence of magmatic events reflecting continuous heating and stress in the lithosphere, likely broadly controlled by processes accompanying the closing of Pangea.
•Zircon U-Pb ages indicate an evolution lasting over 40 million years in the Oslo Rift.•The earliest rhomb porphyry flow is 299.7 ± 0.4 Ma, coeval with the earliest magmas.•Subsequent flows include RP6 and RP7 at about 285 and RB11 at 280 Ma.•Central volcanoes developed at 276 and 273 Ma.•The youngest ages are for a 265 Ma kjelsåsite and a 262 Ma rhomb porphyry dyke.
Bike sharing could provide a key role in a transition towards a less car dependent and more sustainable, healthy and socially inclusive urban transport future. This paper investigates two important ...prerequisites for bike sharing to fulfil these premises: Does it synergise rather than compete with current alternatives to car-based urban mobility; and is it inclusively accessible across population and spatial segments? Drawing on complete 2016–2017 trip records of the Oslo (Norway) bike sharing system, this paper analyses the potential use of bike sharing for accessing, egressing and interchanging public transport and explores its age and gender dimensions. Bike sharing ridership is substantially higher on routes that either start or end with metro/rail connectivity, whilst controlling for other factors, such as route distance, elevation, urban form, time of day and bike dock capacities. However, our results also reveal that bike sharing – both as a stand-alone system and in conjunction with public transport – is less accessible to, suited to, and used by women and older age groups. Especially gender biases appear profound, multifaceted, and intersected by spatial inequalities favouring central male-dominated employment areas. These findings are discussed to derive policy and design directions regarding multimodal integration, dock expansion, rental limitations, and the introduction of e-bikes, to improve the performance, multimodal integration, gender equality and overall socio-spatial inclusiveness of bike sharing.
PurposeExisting innovation frameworks suggest that manufacturing firms have traditionally developed a complementary model of technological innovations comprising process and product innovations (e.g. ...Oslo Manual). This article presents digital service innovation as a novel form of technological innovation that is capable of enhancing the performance of firms in certain manufacturing industries.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on technological innovation and digital servitization fields of research, this study argues that digital service innovation, in manufacturing contexts, complements traditional sources of technological innovation, so increasing the profit margins of firms. This effect is significant in industries characterized by business-to-business contexts, high presence of link channels and long product life spans (e.g. manufacturing and computer-based industries). Predictions are tested on a unique sample of 423 Spanish manufacturing firms using parametric (t-test) and nonparametric (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, fsQCA) approaches.FindingsThe results of this analysis show that a necessary condition so that manufacturing firms can increase profits is the deployment of simultaneous process and product innovations. It also reveals that optimal configuration requires that digital service innovation be undertaken, particularly in machinery and computer-based manufacturing industries. Hence, all three sources of technological innovation are brought together in order to reach the highest levels of company performance. The evidence suggests that technological innovation and digital servitization are closely interrelated in highly innovative manufacturing contexts.Originality/valueThis study's originality and value reside in the fact that it reveals the existence of firms incorporating digital service innovation – a new, technological innovation dimension that challenges existing innovation frameworks – to complement traditional technological innovation sources, namely process and product innovation. Moreover, the study conceptualizes and empirically tests the value-adding role of digital services in firms' technological innovation portfolio.
Area-based initiatives (ABIs) set out to improve livability and living conditions in disadvantaged urban neighborhoods by making use of extensive citizen participation. ABIs are often criticized for ...constituting a form of undemocratic tokenism; this creates the illusion that residents have a say over urban development because citizens are only given consultative power. This paper takes a different perspective. We follow the ‘systemic turn’ in democratic theory, which addresses how direct citizen participation can reduce problems of inclusion, communication, and collective action created by defects in representative democracy. We find evidence that our case, the Grønland-Tøyen ABI in Oslo, Norway, at its best, is able to include new, previously marginalized groups in formulating a collective will that eventually impact city government policy. We argue that these cases show the potential of ABIs to enhance government effectiveness, as the participatory process creates preferable solutions to those produced by city experts. We also argue that it is the narrow scope of the participation schemes, rather than the lack of power devolved to citizens, that limits the ABIs contribution to urban democracy. This hinders the ABI's ability to address social justice and puts the legitimacy of the participatory arrangements at risk.
•The paper argues ABIs have the potential to enhance urban democracy by including marginalized groups in decision-making.•The Grønland-Tøyen ABI in Oslo includes marginalized perspectives in policy formulation through targeted recruitment.•The narrow scope of participation schemes limits ABIs' ability to address social justice issues.•The paper argues that this narrow scope, rather than limited citizen power, hinder ABIs contribution to democracy.
The relationship between spatial mobility and place attachment has always been an important part of the psychology of place. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the context of ...international migration. Thus, this paper brings together the existing scholarship on place attachment and migration studies in order to discuss the development of place attachment among settled migrants, focusing on the example of Poles living in London and Oslo. Drawing on 60 semi-structured in-depth interviews, it is argued that people's bonding with a new place of residence could be described more adequately as a dynamic process rather than through static typologies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that different aspects of place attachment, namely place dependence, place discovered, place identity, and place inherited, often coexist and may emerge gradually in the process of adaptation to a new urban setting.
•Studying migrants' place attachment as a process offers a new insight.•Different aspects of place attachment emerge gradually with time and may coexist.•Even first generation migrants may develop strong bonds with their destination places.•Relative forms of attachment based on affordances or direct experiences emerge fast.
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