This study aimed to establish the most accurate and up‐to‐date anatomical knowledge of pulmonary veins (PV), ostia variations, diameters and ostial area, to provide physicians, especially heart and ...thoracic surgeons with exact knowledge concerning this area. The main online medical databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched to gather all studies in which the variations, maximal diameter, and ostial area of the PVs were investigated. During the study, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Additionally, the critical appraisal tool for anatomical meta‐analysis (CATAM) was used to provide the highest quality findings. The most common ostia variation is the classical one, which contains the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV). The mean diameter and ostial area of each pulmonary vein were established in the general population and in multiple variations considering the method of collecting the data and geographical location. Significant variability in PV ostia is observed. Left‐sided PVs have smaller ostia than the corresponding right‐sided PVs, and the inferior PVs ostia are smaller than the superior. The LCPV ostium size is the largest among all veins analyzed, while the RMPV ostium is the smallest. The results of this meta‐analysis are hoped to help clinicians in planning and performing procedures that involve the pulmonary and cardiac areas, especially catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
P. Claudio Abascanto, schiavo e poi liberto delle Tres Galliae, tra gli ultimi Antonini e l’età severiana vive a Ostia, dove contrae più matrimoni e ha vari figli alcuni dei quali, morti in giovane ...età, vengono da lui commemorati con statue e altri onori nel santuario ostiense della Magna Mater. La nuova iscrizione aiuta a meglio stabilire i suoi legami familiari e mette in evidenza la speciale devozione per la Grande Dea di Abascanto, quinquennale del corpus dei dendrofori.
Si studiano tre aspetti della capacità delle donne di Ostia di possedere beni mobili e immobili durante l’epoca imperiale. Nel passato gli studiosi hanno presentato stime della percentuale delle ...ricchezze in mano alle donne nel mondo romano che variano, all’incirca dal venti al quaranta per cento del totale. Ad Ostia, la nostra ricerca si concentra sulla presenza delle donne fra le persone che hanno l’autorità di cedere spazio funerario, sulla frequenza con cui le donne fanno parte di coloro che godono di un condotto idrico privato che preleva acqua dalla rete pubblica (e che sono quindi proprietarie di immobili), e sulla percentuale delle donne fra i proprietari di schiavi e fra i patroni di liberti e liberte. Tutte e tre queste tematiche sono infatti state trascurate nei precedenti studi. Per contestualizzare i risultati, vengono presentati i numeri corrispondenti per Roma, e da ciò risulta che l’impatto delle donne è considerabilmente più forte ad Ostia. La loro presenza fra i proprietari ostiense è più vicina al quaranta che al venti per cento.
Pollen and non pollen palynomorph analyses were carried out in a sediment core (MO2) drilled in the southern lobe of a palaeomeander,
Fiume Morto
(Dead River), in the Tiber delta area, near Ancient ...Ostia (central Italy). Since the Roman period, the Tiber River flowed close to Ancient Ostia and its saltworks,
Salinae Ostiensis
. The Tiber meander was cut off during the Tiber River flood of 1557 AD and transformed into an oxbow lake. During the nineteenth century the
Fiume Morto
pond was reclaimed and at present the area is about 3 km distant from the present shoreline and intensely transformed by human settlements. According to radiocarbon dates, the pollen record, not continuous, spans from the fourth century BC to the nineteenth century AD. It shows first a riverine phase before the meander cut off of sixteenth century AD and probably only the last centuries BC were preserved from erosion. The river deposits record riparian vegetation (mainly tamarisk and alder) with mesophilous (mainly deciduous oaks) and Mediterranean (mainly evergreen oaks, heather and olive tree) elements. The human presence is clear, probably related to the development of Ancient Ostia and evidenced by synanthropic taxa. The second phase corresponds to the oxbow lake formed after the meander cut off. Several peaks of pine pollen are tentatively ascribed to Tiber flood events: the first peak is found just in correspondence with the meander cut off at 1557 AD. The numerous floods we interpret in the following part of the diagram could be linked to the increase in extreme events and precipitation that occurred during the Little Ice Age. The last phase, in which freshwater plants are present and chenopods decrease, shows the saltworks abandonment that occurred in nineteenth century. This study turned out to be of key relevance to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the ancient Holocene Tiber meander during the last two and a half millennia.
The article addresses the issue of Mithraism in Ostia. It discusses the latest discoveries, the nature of the Mithra cult in Ostia, with particular emphasis on the place of Mithra’s shrines in the ...city space.
Detailed geophysical and geoarchaeological investigations carried out in Ostia, ancient harbour of Rome, revealed two different generations of harbour basins and also proved the repeated impact of ...high-energy wave events on the study area. West of Ostia, at the southern bank of the Tiber, a lagoonal harbour existed from the 4th and 2nd cent. BC but was affected by strong siltation. At the same site, a river harbour was subsequently established from the 1st cent. AD onwards. Fluvial deposits of medieval age finally document Tiber river bank erosion affecting the abandoned site. Within the sedimentary record, distinct high-energy event deposits were found and seem to be related to tsunami impact that hit the ancient harbour site. Event I occurred prior to the harbour foundation between the 8th and 5th cent. BC and induced significant environmental changes. Event II hit the lagoonal harbour most probably in the 4th cent. BC. Event III caused a widespread burial of the lagoonal harbour basin which, at that time, was already silted up. Built directly on top of the youngest event deposit found at Ostia, the foundation of the (navalia-) temple-complex post-dates tsunami event III to the time before the early 1st cent. AD. Subsequently, the site was used as a river harbour.
•Geoarchaeological investigations at Ostia reveal a lagoonal and fluvial harbour generation.•Multi-proxy analyses prove repeated tsunamigenic impact for the ancient harbour.•The (navalia-) temple-complex was founded on top of the youngest tsunami deposit.
The mosquito immune and circulatory systems are functionally integrated. During an infection, hemocytes aggregate around the ostia (valves) of the dorsal vessel – areas of the heart called the ...periostial regions – where they phagocytose live and melanized pathogens. Although periostial hemocyte aggregation is an immune response that occurs following infection with bacteria and malaria parasites, the molecular basis of this process remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the thioester-containing proteins, TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4 are positive regulators of periostial hemocyte aggregation in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. RNAi-based knockdown of TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4 resulted in fewer periostial hemocytes following Escherichia coli infection, without affecting the adjacent population of non-periostial, sessile hemocytes. Moreover, knockdown of TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4 expression resulted in reduced bacterial accumulation and melanin deposition at the periostial regions. Finally, this study confirmed the role that TEP1 plays in reducing infection intensity in the hemocoel. Overall, this research shows that the complement-like proteins, TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4, are positive regulators of the functional integration between the immune and circulatory systems of mosquitoes.
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•Thioester-containing proteins positively regulate the functional integration of the mosquito immune and circulatory systems.•TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4 are involved in infection-induced periostial hemocyte aggregation.•TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4 do not affect the number of sessile hemocytes outside the periostial regions.•TEP1, TEP3 and TEP4 regulate melanin and pathogen accumulation on the surface of the heart.•TEP1 regulates antibacterial responses in the whole body.
Accurate digitization of synoptic ocean features is crucial for climate studies and the operational forecasting of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere systems. Today, for some North Atlantic ...operational regional models, skilled human experts visualize and extract the gulf stream and rings (warm and cold eddies) through an extensive and knowledge-based manual process. To automate this task, we develop a dynamics-inspired deep learning system that extracts the Gulf Stream and rings from concurrent satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH). We pose the above problem as a multilabel semantic image segmentation problem. A novel deep convolutional neural network architecture named W-Net, with two parallel encoder-decoder branches, is developed to perform the segmentation. The W-Net's one branch is the SST branch (accepts SST image as input) and another is the SSH branch (accepts SSH as input), and the final output is a segmentation of gulf stream, warm rings, and cold rings. A dataset consisting of SST, SSH, and manual feature annotation (ground truth) from 2014 to 2018 is used for training. For gulf stream, we obtain 82.7% raw test accuracy and a low error of 4.39% in the detected path length. For the Rings, we obtain more than 71% raw eddy detection accuracy. A detailed ablation study and an examination of both SST and SSH parts of the network are presented to understand how the deep neural network learns to segment the gulf stream's meandering path and Rings accurately.
The paper outlines in historiographical perspective Paul Meyvaert (1921–2015) and Paul Devos’ (1913–1995) contributions to the classification of the Latin hagiographical legends about Sts Cyril and ...Methodius. The author analyzes their three joint studies from 1955–1956. These studies first introduced into academic use the most comprehensive medieval copy of the so-called Italian legend discovered to date. They also explored its links to the literary activity of Leo of Ostia (1046–1115). Through P.Meyvaert’s fortuitous discovery, the two scholars proved that only the second redaction of the Italian Legend has survived. As a result of their research, they narrowed down the chronological limits of the appearance of its first redaction, compiled by Johannes Hymmonides and Gauderic of Velletri. They studied the manuscript tradition (of the Italian Legend) and proved that the reference to the episcopal rank of St Cyril and St Methodius is a late interpolation in the text. They established what influence Leo of Ostia ‘s redaction of the Italian Legend exerted on the literary production in the Benedictine monastery of San Clemente a Casauria in the last quarter of the 12th century and on some legendaries containing abridged legendae novae of the 13th and 14th centuries. P. Meyvaert and P. Devos also attempted to clarify the place of the so-called Moravian legend in the nexus of Latin Cyrillo-Methodian legends of the Bohemian lands.
The paper discusses the contributions of Meyvaert and Devos from the perspective of the development of Cyrillo-Methodian studies. It analyses the main approaches used for the successful solutions to age-old issues and the hypotheses that provoked debate with Jaroslav Ludvikovský.
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