Premise
Understanding how drought and biomass allocation patterns influence competitive ability can help identify traits related to invasiveness and guide management. Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. ...rossicum are increasingly problematic herbaceous perennial vines in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.
Methods
Using a greenhouse experiment, we investigated how biomass allocation and competition intensity of Vincetoxicum spp. responded to four competitive regimes at two levels of soil water availability in the presence of conspecific or congeneric neighbors.
Results
Soil moisture was the most important influence on growth and biomass allocation. Vincetoxicum nigrum had a greater capacity for growth and reproduction than V. rossicum, especially under drought. Drought reduced the probability of reproduction for V. rossicum. Vincetoxicum rossicum had a higher root‐to‐shoot ratio than V. nigrum under adequate soil moisture. This difference more than doubled under drought. Under interspecific competition, V. nigrum maximized its biomass, while V. rossicum limited aboveground growth and reproduction. Root‐only competition increased shoot and root biomass relative to shoot‐only competition. The effects of root and shoot competition were additive under interspecific competition, but interacted under intraspecific competition (negative interaction under drought and positive interaction under sufficient soil moisture).
Conclusions
Management strategies targeting mixed populations of V. rossicum and V. nigrum are most important under ample water availability. Under drought conditions, strategies focused on V. nigrum should effectively limit Vincetoxicum growth and seed reproduction. Phenotypic plasticity and the positive competition intensity associated with drought in monocultures may contribute to drought resistance in these invasive species.
In the study, changes in salt-soluble protein (SSP) content, gel properties, rheological characteristic, and microstructure attributes of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) pork batters with different ...concentrations of added sodium bicarbonate (0–0.6%) were investigated. The pH, b⁎ value, SSP content, cooking yield, texture properties, emulsion stability, and G′ values at 72 °C significantly increased with the increase in sodium bicarbonate, but the texture properties and G′ values of the samples with 0.4% and 0.6% did not significantly different, while the a⁎ value significantly decreased. Moreover, a greater G′ value at 72 °C was in agreement with a higher hardness value of meat batter. The microstructure of cooked PSE meat batters with 0% and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate had a dense structure, and samples with 0.4% and 0.6% had some large cavities. In conclusion, the use of sodium bicarbonate can enhance the water holding capacity, texture and rheological properties of PSE meat batters by increasing their pH, SSP content, and emulsifying stability.
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•Adding NaHCO3 increased the pH, SSP content and cooking yield of PSE meat batters.•Adding NaHCO3 concentration improved the textural properties and emulsion stability.•The G′ values of PSE meat batters increased with increasing NaHCO3.•NaHCO3 can improve the techno-functional and rheological properties.
Even if the same color type, such as white, is applied in product design, it differs slightly depending on the manufacturer. However, the color effects on consumer behavior have been centered on hue ...units such as blue and white. The viewpoint of analyzing a specific color in detail has been limited to saturation and lightness. Therefore, this study focused on bluish-white, known to have an unhealthy impression as a human facial expression, and examined its effect on the exterior design of automobiles. Through randomized controlled trials in Japan, it was found that bluish-white harms attractiveness compared to white.
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•Pyrenean Pb-Zn(-Ge) mineralization is hosted within epigenetic veins with various geometries.•Sphalerite is Ge-depleted and displays features indicating both recrystallization and ...deformation.•During metamorphic recrystallization, Ge is expelled from the ZnS lattice.•Ge is re-concentrated as Ge-minerals nucleating at sphalerite grain boundaries.•Brunogeierite is relatively enriched in Ga and Cu.
The presence of unique accessory Ge-minerals (containing up to 70 wt% Ge) is a widespread phenomenon in Pb-Zn deposits of the Variscan Pyrenean Axial Zone (PAZ). Such a mode of occurrence is, however, rare worldwide with germanium more typically occurring as a trace component of sulfides, notably sphalerite (<3200 ppm), or in coal deposits (<5570 ppm). The PAZ Pb-Zn deposits are thus an excellent target to unravel the processes and key factors controlling formation of mineralization highly concentrated in Ge. Three Pb-Zn deposits are studied here: Argut-dessus; Pale Bidau; and Pale de Rase. All three are located in Late Ordovician rocks within the PAZ Bossost anticlinorium. The main mineralization (Type 2) is localized in epigenetic veins with different geometries relative to host rocks and deformation. Textural analysis of sphalerite mineralization shows evidence for both recrystallization and deformation. Sphalerite is associated with muscovite or graphite and is the unique host for the discrete Ge-minerals in the studied samples. Brunogeierite (GeFe2O4) and argutite (GeO2) occur almost universally at sphalerite grain boundaries. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of sphalerite and brunogeierite show that sphalerite is relatively depleted in Ge (mean ∼13 ± 3 ppm) and other trace elements such as Sb (∼21 ± 2 ppm), Cu (∼153 ± 23 ppm) and Ga (∼127 ± 10 ppm) compared to brunogeierite (29–30 wt% Ge), which is also richer in Ga (∼2406 ± 270 ppm) and Cu (∼2438 ± 550 ppm). Collectively, these observations on this exceptional example of Ge enrichment highlight the role of oxidizing, moderate temperature (∼<450 °C) metamorphic fluids on the partitioning of Ge between discrete Ge-minerals and their sulfide hosts. Comparison with other Ge-deposits worldwide supports the hypothesis that low grade metamorphism and deformation may play a key role in the genesis and concentration of Ge-mineralization, especially in low-grade metamorphic Kipushi-type deposits in which discrete Ge-minerals are located immediately adjacent to recrystallized sulfides.
In the current study, the interfacial rheological properties of alkali pH-shifted MP under pH 11.0 → 7.0, pH 11.5 → 7.0 and pH 12.0 → 7.0 have been firstly investigated. The molecular weight and ...microstructure of myofibrillar protein (MP) treated by alkali pH-shifting were investigated by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results indicated a swollen, organized and aggregated structure of refolded MP. Overall, the molecular change in refolded MP led to faster protein adsorption towards the O/W interface, enhanced intermolecular interaction between adsorbed proteins and improved elasticity of interfacial film compared to native MP. After β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) was added, the advantage of refolded MP in diffusion phase no more existed due to the disruption of aggregation and decreased molecular size, besides the penetration and rearrangement were interfered because the disruption of disulfide bond inhibited the formation of interfacial protein layers. With the protein concentration increasing, MP molecules crowding at O/W (oil in water) surface limited the development of a highly elastic network. As revealed by Tween 20 displacement, MP layers with higher interfacial elasticity were more resistant to displacement. Moreover, after displacement the coalescence stability of emulsion droplet was enhanced but the mechanical strength of interfacial MP layer was reduced. Altogether MP (0.04 or 0.2 mg/mL) treated by pH 11.0 → 7.0 exhibited the best adsorption performance and interfacial properties, which were important in stablizing emulsions. Thus, interfacial behavior regulation by alkali pH-shifting may be a applicable process for developing meat protein-based emulsions in food industry.
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•Refolded proteins presented swollen, organized and aggregated structures.•The interfacial rheology of pH-treated myofibrillar protein was firstly studied.•Protein treated by pH 11.0. → 7.0 showed the best interfacial behavior.•Interfacial layer with higher elasticity are more resistant to Tween displacement.
Leaving class behind? Lee, Shuyu
Orbis litterarum,
April 2023, Letnik:
78, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
David Foster Wallace’s novel The Pale King (2011) presents a social mobility narrative marked by the conflicting support for and challenge against the neoliberal ideology of meritocratic ...individualism. In the Toni Ware sections of the novel, the portrait of the working class is dominated by a solitary genius protagonist. Toni’s escape from poverty relies on both contingent circumstance and personal merit. Even though Toni subverts the myth of the classless society that grounds the middle‐class ideology of consumer capitalism, the way she does so embodies the rugged individualism that underlies precisely this ideology. Interrogating these ambiguities, this essay argues that Wallace’s social mobility narrative of the Toni Ware sections, while going some way toward resisting meritocracy and individualism, also supports these neoliberal middle‐class ideological discourses by making its upwardly mobile protagonist a solitary genius. Moreover, by showing the adult Toni’s rebellion against the myth of the classless society to be an outsider renegade’s descent into sociopathic villainy, the story affirms her subversion yet problematizes individualistic rebellion.
The aim of the research was to study the impact of white striping and wooden breast myopathies on the technological quality, mineral, and sensory profile of poultry meat. With this purpose, a total ...of 138 breasts were selected for a control group with normal breasts (N), a group of breasts characterised by white striping (WS) myopathy, and a group of breasts having both white striping and wooden breast myopathies (WSWB). Data revealed that the simultaneous presence of the two myopathies, with respect to the WS lesion individually considered, had a further detrimental effect on pH (6.04 vs. 5.96; P < 0.05), yellowness (11.4 vs. 10.3; P < 0.01), cooking losses (30.4 vs. 27.6%; P < 0.05), toughness instrumental values (22.8 vs. 20.0 N; P < 0.01), and perception (6.22 vs. 5.56; P < 0.01). In addition, mineral contents suggest that a defective ions regulation is also present in white striping and wooden breast myopathies.
Sparse view (SV) computed tomography (CT) is a clinical diagnostic technique aimed at reducing radiation dose to the human body from X-rays. However, SVCT reconstructed using conventional filtered ...back-projection (FBP) algorithms will produce severe streak artifacts. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated considerable success in addressing the inverse problem of SVCT reconstruction. However, the local convolutional operations of CNNs ignores long-range dependencies of contextual feature information, thereby limiting their capability in feature extraction. To address this limitation, we propose a dual-domain end-to-end network (DdeNet) combining Pale-Transformer and Laplacian convolution for SVCT reconstruction. Initially, in the projection domain, a UNet is employed to restore the interpolated sinogram. Subsequently, in the image domain, we introduce Pale-Transformer and Laplacian convolution to design a dual-stream feature fusion network for finely restoring the CT images reconstructed by FBP. The dual-stream feature fusion network comprises an image restoration network (IRN) module and an edge enhancement network (EEN) module. The depthwise separable convolution based modified pale-shaped self-attention mechanism in Pale-Transformer captures global feature information of the CT image in the IRN, while the Laplacian convolution and multi-scale convolution block with a squeeze and excitation mechanism in the EEN further extract and restore edge feature information of the CT image. Finally, the feature information output from IRN and EEN is fused along the channel dimension and then convolved to obtain the final reconstructed CT image. Experimental results demonstrate that DdeNet exhibits superior generalization and reconstruction performance compared to the previous CNN or Transformer-based reconstruction methods.
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