Using Illumina NextSeq sequencing and bioinformatics, we identified and characterized thirty-three viral sequences of unsegmented and multipartite viral families in Aedes spp., Culex sp. and ...Anopheles darlingi female mosquito pools from Porto São Luiz and Pirizal, Alto Pantanal. Seventeen sequences belong to unsegmented viral families, twelve represent putative novel insect-specific viruses (ISVs) within families Chuviridae (3/33; partial genomes) and coding-complete sequences of Xinmoviridae (1/33), Rhabdoviridae (2/33) and Metaviridae (6/33); and five coding-complete sequences of already-known ISVs. Notably, two putative novel rhabdoviruses, Corixo rhabdovirus 1 and 2, were phylogenetically related to Coxipo dielmovirus, but separated from other Alpharhabdovirinae genera, sharing Anopheles spp. as host. Regarding multipartite families, sixteen segments of different putative novel viruses were identified (13 coding-complete segments) within Durnavirales (4/33), Elliovirales (1/33), Hareavirales (3/33) and Reovirales (8/33) orders. Overall, this study describes twenty-eight (28/33) putative novel ISVs and five (5/33) already described viruses using metagenomics approach.
•Thirty-three viral sequences were identified by Illumina NextSeq sequencing.•ISVs were identified in Aedes spp., Culex sp., and Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes.•Twenty-eight sequences represent putative novel viruses.•Seventeen coding-complete genomes belong to unsegmented viral families.•Two novel alpharhabdoviruses identified in Anopheles darlingi female mosquitoes.
The Pantanal region in South America is one of the world's largest wetlands. Since 2019, the Pantanal has suffered a prolonged drought that has spelled disaster for the region, and subsequent fires ...have engulfed hundreds of thousands of hectares. The lack of rainfall during the summers of 2019 and 2020 was caused by reduced transport of warm and humid summer air from Amazonia into the Pantanal. Instead, a predominance of warmer and drier air masses from subtropical latitudes contributed to a scarcity of summer rainfall at the peak of the monsoon season. This led to prolonged extreme drought conditions across the region. This drought had severe impacts on the hydrology of the Pantanal. Hydrometric levels fell all along the Paraguay River. In 2020, river levels reached extremely low values, and in some sections of this river, transportation had to be restricted. Very low river levels affected the mobility of people and shipping of soybeans and minerals to the Atlantic Ocean by the
Hidrovia -Paraná
-
Paraguai
(Paraná-Paraguay Waterway). This study is directed to better understand the hydroclimatic aspects of the current drought in the Brazilian Pantanal and their impacts on natural and human systems. As a consequence of the drought, fires spread and affected natural biodiversity as well as the agribusiness and cattle ranching sectors. While fires had serious socioecological and economic consequences, we do not intend to investigate the effect of the downstream low-level waters on the Pantanal ecosystems or the drought in the risk of fire.
The bivalve Anodontites trapesialis, a filter feeder, was assessed as a potential sentinel organism for freshwater microplastic contamination in the South American Pantanal region. There are few ...studies on microplastic and on the use of bivalves to detect them in waters and sediments of this region. Bivalves were placed in 4 L aquariums with 0.3 g of polyethylene microparticles varying in size between 55 and 110 μm. At increasing exposure times (3 h–192 h), individuals were collected to assess amounts of filtered, assimilated and eliminated microplastics. Microplastics assimilated in the bivalve tissues, were estimated from histological cuts under polarized light, while in the eliminated feces and pseudofeces, they were counted under a stereomicroscope and polymer type was confirmed by Raman spectrometry. A strong and significant positive correlation was found between filtered microplastics and exposure times. The probability of finding them after 24 h of exposure was 78% in gill tissues, and 90% in the eliminated material. The analysis of the particles eliminated from A. trapesialis allows a quick and effective assessment of the presence of microplastics in the ecosystem, avoiding sacrificing the organisms.
O bioma pantaneiro tem atualmente grande notoriedade diante da exibição da telenovela ‘Pantanal”, gravada na região sul-mato-grossense, local com cenários turísticos, de imensa biodiversidade e ...aspectos que são transmitidos em “horário nobre” pela televisão brasileira. Na telenovela, são tratadas temáticas relevantes acerca das questões socioambientais, como a produção agropecuária sustentável, a relação da sociedade com a terra em uma perspectiva afetiva, a utilização de tecnologias limpas, problemas ambientais locais como queimadas, seca, extinção de espécies e as ações antrópicas na região. Dando ênfase a isto, optou-se pela discussão dos temas na ótica da Educação Ambiental. Assim, considerando a obra televisiva, apresentou-se uma discussão sobre como essa literatura pode corroborar com a reflexão das questões socioambientais presentes no bioma Pantanal, sobretudo na contribuição dos temas relacionadas às políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental, concernente aos processos jurídicos e educacionais presentes à constituição da dimensão ambiental numa perspectiva crítica. Deste modo, identificou-se diálogos entre os personagens a respeito de fake news e o negacionismo presente atualmente em discursos de cunho socioambiental. Ademais, os temas que são de ordem econômica, política, cultural e ambiental devem ser discutidos numa abordagem interdisciplinar e/ou transversal entre os componentes curriculares como Ciências, Biologia, Geografia, Matemática, História etc.
The channel-floodplain relationship is used to understand flooding dynamics in the Pantanal wetland. To understand how different fluvial styles along the Upper Paraguay River (UPR) control the ...hydrology of the Pantanal wetland, we used a database including 11 gauge stations from the Brazilian National Agency of Waters, Landsat series satellite data, GeoCover images circa 1990 and 2000, the SRTM 90m digital elevation model (DEM) and 34 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) sections. We defined eight very distinct fluvial zones in the UPR within the Pantanal based on the channel-floodplain morphology, channel pattern, hydrologic function, and channel slope. Three zones are narrowing plains (Amolar, Urucum and Fecho dos Morros) constrained by geological features on the western border of the Pantanal sedimentary basin, which act as bottlenecks for flood runoff and produce backwater effects that delay flood wave transmission. In each of these narrow zones, the flood wave is delayed by flow velocity reduction, generating huge water bodies upstream that store flood water and affect the duration and amplitude of floods. The existence of three bottlenecks and the occurrence of a backwater effect constrain flood waves along the river, conditioning the hydrological regime of the entire wetland and resulting in unusual rating curves at some gauge stations along the UPR. This peculiar hydrological regime is responsible for the functioning of the wetland, including the undesirable “dequada” phenomena (natural fish mortality events). The backwater effect is enhanced by the existence of large flood basins upstream of the bottlenecks, where waters can be temporarily retained for periods of months, delaying the surface runoff and prolonging the flood season, which contributes to the maintenance of the wetland and its rich ecosystem.
Seismic azimuthal anisotropy within the crust and upper mantle offers important information of past and present tectonic deformation. We used ambient seismic noise to map azimuthal anisotropy in the ...lithosphere beneath W and SE Brazil, providing new insights into the amalgamation history of the various cratonic blocks in SW Gondwana, which are now partly buried by Phanerozoic basins. We used 72 stations from January 2016 to September 2018. To correct the non-uniform distribution of the energy flow around each inter-station path, the weighted rms (WRMS) stacking method was applied. The inter-station empirical Green's functions provided Rayleigh-wave group and phase velocity dispersion curves, which were used in a tomographic inversion to obtain the fast anisotropy directions, and the isotropic (mean) group and phase velocities in the period range of 4–70 s. At the shortest period, both group and phase low-velocity anomalies are observed in the sedimentary basins, while the fast direction is parallel to the deformation in the surrounding fold belts (e.g., beneath the shallow Pantanal basin). At 40 s period, group and phase velocities are affected by crustal thickness variations. During the longest period of the 70s, the fast anisotropy directions are mostly N-S, in general agreement with the azimuthal anisotropy of the global model of Debayle et al.(2016, updated to 2022), which is interpreted as due to compressional deformation in the lithospheric lid. This deformation-induced anisotropy suggests that the final Neoproterozoic collision occurred between the two groups of cratonic blocks: (I) the Amazon craton, the Rio Apa, and the Rio Tebicuary cratonic blocks in the Amazon domain, and (II) the Paranapanema block on the Atlantic domain. The isotropic VS model generally agrees with the proposed West Paraná Suture zone (inferred from gravity and magnetotelluric data). In the lower crust (20 to 35 km), predominantly low velocities are seen in the central and southern part of the Paraná basin, and higher velocities are observed around the Pantanal basin, in general agreement with Cedraz et al. (2020) proposal of underplating in that region.
•Azimuthal anisotropy aligns with foldbelts in the upper crust and yields by orogenic compressional deformation in the mantle.•Crustal VS anomalies support the proposed N-S suture zone between the Paranapanema block and the southern Amazonian craton.•High VS in the lower crust confirms probable underplating in the southern part of the Amazon craton.
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