For the first decade of the twenty-first century, every weekend,
people throughout Uganda converged to participate in
ebimeeza, open debates that invited common citizens to
share their political and ...social views. These debates, also called
"People's Parliaments," were broadcast live on private radio
stations until the government banned them in 2009. In Talkative
Polity, Florence Brisset-Foucault offers the first major study
of ebimeeza, which complicate our understandings of political
speech in restrictive contexts and force us to move away from the
simplistic binary of an authoritarian state and a liberal civil
society.
Brisset-Foucault conducted fieldwork from 2005 to 2013,
primarily in Kampala, interviewing some 150 orators, spectators,
politicians, state officials, journalists, and NGO staff. The
resulting ethnography invigorates the study of political domination
and documents a short-lived but highly original sphere of political
expression. Brisset-Foucault thus does justice to the richness and
depth of Uganda's complex political and radio culture as well as to
the story of ambitious young people who didn't want to behave the
way the state expected them to. Positioned at the intersection of
media studies and political science, Talkative Polity will
help us all rethink the way in which public life works.
As he systemically studies the barriers that Asian Americans face in the electoral and legislative processes, Thomas Kim shows how racism is embedded in America's two-party political system.Here Kim ...examines the institutional barriers that Asian Americans face in the electoral and legislative processes. Utilizing approaches from ethnic studies and political science, including rational choice theory, he demonstrates how the political logic of two-party competition actually works against Asian American political interests. According to Kim, political party leaders recognize that Asian Americans are tagged with "ethnic markers" that label them as immutably "foreign," and as such, parties cannot afford to be too closely associated with (racialized) Asian Americans. In publicly repudiating Asian American efforts to gain political power, Kim asserts, party elites are making rational, strategic calculations.Although other commentators have blamed the diversity of the Asian American population for its lack of political success, Kim argues convincingly that race itself is the chief barrier to political participation-and it will not be overcome simply by electing or appointing more Asian Americans to political office.
Long considered the masters of counterinsurgency, the British military encountered significant problems in Iraq and Afghanistan when confronted with insurgent violence. In their effort to apply the ...principles and doctrines of past campaigns, they failed to prevent Basra and Helmand from descending into lawlessness, criminality, and violence.
By juxtaposing the deterioration of these situations against Britain's celebrated legacy of counterinsurgency, this investigation identifies both the contributions and limitations of traditional tactics in such settings, exposing a disconcerting gap between ambitions and resources, intent and commitment. Building upon this detailed account of the Basra and Helmand campaigns, this volume conducts an unprecedented assessment of British military institutional adaptation in response to operations gone awry. In calling attention to the enduring effectiveness of insurgent methods and the threat posed by undergoverned spaces, David H. Ucko and Robert Egnell underscore the need for military organizations to meet the irregular challenges of future wars in new ways.
This paper critically and empirically explores how planning professionals understand a digital engagement tool and its use in effective and meaningful public participation. Through a series of focus ...groups where planners engaged with a Digital Participation Model (DPM), the research studied the functionality of this digital tool in relation to key communicative principles such as communication, comprehension and transparency. In doing so, this paper contributes to critical literature on the implications and politics of generalised technology developments for planning participation. Additionally, it offers a conceptual lens to critically guide application of digital engagement tools with the aim of reducing the risk that new technology dictates how we understand participatory engagement.
Continuing industrial development has created large quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, which has led to severe environmental and social problems. The aim of this study was to ...investigate the decision-making behaviours of stakeholders involved in C&D waste management. Based on evolutionary game theory, stakeholder decision-making behaviours in C&D waste management were analysed, and their influencing factors were identified, including government supervision costs, public participation costs, government penalties, government incentives, government supervisory intensity, probability of contractors conducting illegal dumping, probability of public participation, and probability of illegal dumping being detected. The results also revealed how government penalties and incentives impacted the decision-making behaviours of the contractors and public. Penalties and incentives can effectively reduce illegal C&D waste dumping behaviours, while excessive penalties and incentives have limitations in controlling illegal dumping. The model proposed in this research provides an experimental simulation platform to determine the appropriate values for government penalties and incentives for C&D waste management based on stakeholder decision-making behaviours. In addition, the research results for the stable strategy point of a three-party evolutionary game model demonstrated the importance of public participation in C&D waste management. These results may inform research hypotheses for future empirical studies and provide a simple model for developing appropriate government penalties and incentives in practice.
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•A three-player evolutionary game model was proposed.•Influencing factors of stakeholders' decision-making behaviours were identified.•Penalty and incentive can effectively reduce the C&D waste illegal dumping.•Excessive penalty and incentive have limitations on illegal dumping.•A model was developed to determine the reasonable penalties and incentives.
Evidence is accumulating that democracy is under siege--in the United States and around the world. This volume identifies and explains a dozen separate challenges threatening American democracy ...today. Sorting them into political and social/cultural problems, each challenge is placed in historical context to describe how they work together to undermine the democratic underpinnings of the nation. Opening with a sketch of the historical development of democracy, this book makes the case for improved civic education, rebuilding trust in institutions and leaders, promoting good character and the revitalization of the healthy community. A renewed commitment to our governmental institutions is necessary for us to fulfill democracy's promise.
As institutional forms of political engagement continue to decline, participation in protests steadily become more common. These trends are particularly strong among younger citizens. Previous ...research indicates that social factors can explain participation in political protests, and that younger citizens' participation in protests is more affected by social ties than older people's participation. Even though the desire for social affiliation is a fundamental human need, there are individual differences in the need for belongingness. The aim of the current study is to investigate if part of younger people's higher level of participation in protests can be explained by individual-level differences in belongingness needs. More specifically, the study investigates whether a larger part of younger people's participation is explained by need to belong (NTB), as compared to older people's participation. In line with the hypothesis, results from a survey study of a representative sample of the Swedish population (N = 2034), show that only younger people's participation is predicted by individual-level belongingness needs; the higher the NTB among young people, the higher the tendency to protest, while this effect is absent among older people. These results have important implications for our understanding of participation in protest activities and youth mobilization.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Imprecise definition of key terms in the "public participation" domain have hindered the conduct of good research and militated against the development and implementation of effective participation ...practices. In this article, we define key concepts in the domain: public communication, public consultation, and public participation. These concepts are differentiated according to the nature and flow of information between exercise sponsors and participants. According to such an information flow perspective, an exercise's effectiveness may be ascertained by the efficiency with which full, relevant information is elicited from all appropriate sources, transferred to (and processed by) all appropriate recipients, and combined (when required) to give an aggregate/consensual response. Key variables that may theoretically affect effectiveness-and on which engagement mechanisms differ-are identified and used to develop a typology of mechanisms. The resultant typology reveals four communication, six consultation, and four participation mechanism classes. Limitations to the typology are discussed, and future research needs identified.
An inability to successfully recruit participants into clinical research has consequences that negatively affect the conduct and reliability of research studies. Understanding facilitators of ...research participation, namely motives for participation and preferred research outcomes, may improve recruitment and retention of clinical trials related to chronic pain. The present study explored research participation facilitators among individuals with chronic pain and their association with demographic characteristics, pain-related characteristics, and factors related to future research engagement.
Individuals from Michigan who were 18 years or older and self-reported having chronic pain completed an online survey assessing motives for research participation and desired research outcomes. Analyses were conducted in three stages. First, we evaluated underlying factors of motives for participation and research outcome preferences using principal components analysis. Second, we classified individuals according to their patterns of facilitators using latent profile analysis. Finally, we evaluated differences between facilitator profiles in demographic characteristics, pain-related characteristics, and factors related to future research engagement using χ
analyses and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests.
Three components of motives for research participation were identified: social engagement/enjoyment; pain improvement/advancing science; and compensation. Three components of research outcome preferences were identified: co-occurring symptom reduction; behavior reduction modification; and pain and function improvement. Four potential patient-centered profiles utilizing these dimensions of facilitators were identified that had unique demographic characteristics, research participation willingness, and treatment interest.
Our data provide a framework of motives and research outcome preferences that may inform recruitment and retention in chronic pain research. It also gives an indication of who may respond best to active or passive recruitment strategies that appeal to a given motive or preferred outcome. This information may be useful for improving recruitment and to monitor any potential biases in participant samples.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Today, the military is one the most racially diverse institutions in the United States. But for many decades African American soldiers battled racial discrimination and segregation within its ranks. ...In the years after World War II, the integration of the armed forces was a touchstone in the homefront struggle for equality-though its importance is often overlooked in contemporary histories of the civil rights movement. Drawing on a wide array of sources, from press reports and newspapers to organizational and presidential archives, historian Christine Knauer recounts the conflicts surrounding black military service and the fight for integration.Let Us Fight as Free Menshows that, even after their service to the nation in World War II, it took the persistent efforts of black soldiers, as well as civilian activists and government policy changes, to integrate the military. In response to unjust treatment during and immediately after the war, African Americans pushed for integration on the strength of their service despite the oppressive limitations they faced on the front and at home. Pressured by civil rights activists such as A. Philip Randolph, President Harry S. Truman passed an executive order that called for equal treatment in the military. Even so, integration took place haltingly and was realized only after the political and strategic realities of the Korean War forced the Army to allow black soldiers to fight alongside their white comrades. While the war pushed the civil rights struggle beyond national boundaries, it also revealed the persistence of racial discrimination and exposed the limits of interracial solidarity.Let Us Fight as Free Menreveals the heated debates about the meaning of military service, manhood, and civil rights strategies within the African American community and the United States as a whole.
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