Das Eigene Fremde Dannhorn, Melanie
2023, 20230821, Letnik:
11
eBook
Wie ‚international‘ waren historische Avantgarden und welche Rolle spielten nationale Imagines? Das Berlin der 1910er und 1920er Jahre war ein Schmelztiegel aus innovativen Kunstprojekten und ...weitläufigen Kontakten im europäischen Kontext. In dieser Atmosphäre riefen Herwarth Walden und Franz Pfemfert die Periodika Der Sturm und Die Aktion ins Leben, die sich zu den wichtigsten Foren der expressionistischen Bewegung entwickelten. Die Beiträger*innen entdeckten ‚Russland‘ als vitalistische Quelle und als Ausweg aus dem morbiden und dekadenten Zustand der ‚westlichen Moderne‘. Die vorliegende Monografie untersucht Rezeptionsmechanismen von Kunst, Literatur und Politik aus Russland sowie Konstruktionen des ‚Russischen‘ ausgehend vom ‚eigenen‘ Gruppenverständnis im Sturm- und Aktionskreis von 1910 bis 1932.
Abstract Der Beitrag nimmt Werbesprache von Flüchtlingen im Shanghai der 1930er Jahre in den Blick. Gut 18.000 Deutschsprachige, mehrheitlich Wiener Jüd:innen, flüchteten vor der NS-Diktatur in das ...bereits damals sehr internationale, visumfrei erreichbare Shanghai und bauten sich dort ein neues Leben auf Zeit auf. Dazu gehörte v. a. deutschsprachige Infrastruktur in Form von Läden, Restaurants, Dienstleistungen etc. (Szurawitzki, Michael. 2017. Deutsch in Shanghai gestern und heute. Zielsprache Deutsch 44(2). 3–17). Diese Infrastruktur wurde in den schnell parallel entstandenen Shanghaier deutschsprachigen Exilzeitungen und -zeitschriften beworben. Zahlreiche dieser Periodika sind über die Bibliothek des Leo Baeck Institute digital einsehbar (Open Access). Nach einer Einführung nebst Forschungsfragen (1.) wird der Forschungsstand zum jüdischen Exil in Shanghai skizziert (2.): Es ergibt sich eine Forschungslücke, die mit der hier vorgestellten Studie geschlossen werden soll (ausgehend von einschlägigen Vorarbeiten zur Gelben Post , Szurawitzki, Michael. 2021. Umworbene Flüchtlinge – Eine linguistische Analyse von Werbesprache im Shanghaier Exilperiodikum Gelbe Post . In Csaba Földes (ed.), Kontaktvarietäten des Deutschen im Ausland , 495–507. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto). Danach wird darauf eingegangen, aus welchen digital vorhandenen Periodika sich das Korpus der Werbeanzeigen zusammensetzt (3.). Im Hauptteil des Beitrages (4.) wird an die zu leistenden Analysen von Werbeanzeigen herangeführt. Es werden quantitative wie qualitative Vorarbeiten geleistet und exemplarische Aspekte des Sprachkontakts analysiert. Eine Zusammenfassung nebst Ausblick und Perspektiven für die weiteren Analysen (5.) beschließt den eigentlichen Beitrag. Als Anhang steht eine Übersicht aller auszuwertenden digital vorliegenden Periodika.
This book examines the poetry of Hart Crane and his circle within transnational modernist periodical culture. It reappraises Crane’s poetry and reception and introduces several lost works by the ...poet, including critical prose, reviews and ‘Nopal’, a poem written in Mexico. Through its exploration of Crane’s close engagement with periodical culture, it provides a rich and detailed panorama of twentieth-century literary and artistic communities. In particular, this monograph offers a vivid portrait of forgotten periodicals and their artistic communities, examines the periodical contexts in which modernist poetry fused material and aesthetic experimentation and explores Crane’s important and neglected influence on modern and contemporary poetry.
The article deals with certain aspects of publishing by the first Lithuanian emigration wave into the United States (second half of the 19th – 1914) in the end of the 19th – mid 20th centuries, ...placing the strongest emphasis on the analysis of the problems related to publications’addressees. The analysis has been based on the periodical publications of the Lithuanian emigrees during the period in question and the research dedicated to the history of the first emigration wave. Even though the first emigration wave to the United Sates was largely based on economic reasons, a small part (compared to the total number of emigrees) of Lithuanians left their native country due to political reasons and later had quite a significant influence on the formation of the Lithuanian community in the territory of the United States, in particular on the development of social and political processes within the Lithuanian community. These emigrees displayed not only concentration into their internal needs but also represented the manifestations of national determination and reflected political processes and ideological fight, characteristic of Europe and Northern America of those times, as well as integration into these processes. Naturally, all this influenced the publishing processes of the emigration wave in question. Within the publishing of these emigrees, two main trends with a number of smaller branches can be identified. One of the major trends was an ambition to reflect and influence the iternal life of the emigration (including religious, social, political and other processes) as well as meet the publishing needs within the community. The other trend was aimed at supporting national liberation movement in Lithuania and represent Lithuanians as an independent nation both in the USA and global level. Periodical publications were targeted not merely at reflecting the life of the colony, where they were published, and meeting publishing needs, but at least the reality of one or several states as well as Lithuanian highlights. Besides, the survival of such publications depended on the distribution range. The publications which crossed the boundaries of one state and were distributed in a greater number of colonies, including the Lithuanian colonies outside the USA and Lithuanian territory, had a greater chance at survival. The number of published copies is also proof of a wider distribution, going far beyond the boundaries of the Lithuanian ghetto. Within the publishing activities, an overlapping of social and political ambitions with commercial aspirations can be identified. Publishing was oriented toward the achievements of those days, both in terms of the content of periodicals, informatikon gathering and presentation, and printing culture. For a long time, the quality of Lithuanian press in the USA by far surpassed the quality of printing in Lithuania (both during its incorporation in the Russian empire and the first years of independence). It could be stated that during Lithuania’s occupation (by Tsarist Russia and Kaizer Germany), the publishers of the Lithuanian diaspora regarded their publications not only as satisfying the needs of the emigration community in the USA, but also as targeting the addressees of Lithuanian colonies in other countries and the Lithuanians living in their native country. After Lithuania regained independence, the reverse process can be observed – namely, that of Lithuanian publishers regarding the emigration community as a market for their publications, whereas politicians and public figures sought to use the diaspora as a place to spread their ideas. Furthermore, representatives of opposition layers were more interested in the support for their ambitions and an opportunity for print their publications, to be distributed later in Lithuania. Apart from the above mentioned publications, some publication plans were made to target the addressees of other nationals. However, they were mostuly political in nature, related to a certain political situation in Lithuania, rather than commercial.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami kai kurie pirmosios lietuvių emigracijos bangos į JAV (XIX a. antra pusė–1914 m.) leidybos XIX a. pabaigoje–XX a. viduryje aspektai, pagrindinį dėmesį telkiant į leidinių adresato problematikos analizę. Straipsnis rengtas remiantis to meto išeivių periodikos publikacijomis, pirmosios bangos išeivijos istorijai skirtais veikalais. Daroma išvada, kad pirmosios lietuvių išeivių bangos JAV leidyba buvo orientuota ne tik į išeivijos poreikio spaudai tenkinimą, bet iš dalies ir į visos lietuvių tautos leidybinius poreikius.
The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of the situation of education and self-education as part of informal learning up to the year 1904 among members of the Lithuanian diaspora in the ...United States, based on the Lithuanian periodicals published during the period in question, and to evaluate its significance on publishing. The objectives were to explore the efforts of the diaspora to establish their own institutions for the education of children and adults and to analyze the importance of press in promoting education and self-education as well as the significance of education and informal learning on the development of publishing. This is the first attempt to conduct relevant research on the basis of the material at our disposal, collected from the press of the Lithuanian diaspora of that period. Although the situation of education and reading was far from satisfying the needs of the then contemporaries, the literacy rate in the community of Lithuanian emigrants in the USA kept growing (of particular importance was the focus on women’s education and reading). Such a situation was predetermined by the pursuit of economic prosperity (initial education and training and the knowledge of English contributed to getting a better job). An increasing concern over the children‘s welfare resulted in a growing number of schools. Ideological struggle within the diaspora community was also a significant factor. Furthermore, one should not forget curiosity and leisure (perhaps the best indicator is the growing number of emigrants who learned to read inspired by the poor quality of literature at hand).Even though a certain number of institutions for the education of children were established, they were restricted only to one type of schools, namely, parochial elementary schools, and their development was hindered by ideological quarrels, disagreements over the content of teaching and compliance with the requirements of the historic period in question. Due to this, and for other reasons, a large number of emigrants sent their children to American public schools or parish schools of other foreign nationals living in the United States, while the number of Lithuanian schools at that time exerted little influence on the development and output of book publishing. Likewise, it cannot be argued that publishing was directly influenced by the creation of evening schools, the more so that English textbooks were used in them. That being said, it has to be stated that the importance of a part of the publishing output was evaluated according to its appropriateness to reading by those attending the schools in question, initially for learning, and then for self-study purposes. The same applies to some of the books published in Eastern Prussia and imported to the United States.Self-education was of particular importance to publishing, as the press was considered its main source. In addition, expatriate societies, which identified the promotion of education and reading as one of their goals, were at times engaged in publishing activities on their own. However, it has to be said that the situation was significantly influenced by a deepening split within the Lithuanian diaspora from the ideological point of view. Representatives of different trends voiced their own views on self-education and reading (what should be read and what should be forbidden). At the same time, this division encouraged the publication of literature aimed at spreading their own ideas, while at the same time was suitable for self-education and reading. True, the repertoire of literature published and the influence of education and self-study needs on publishing both from the quantitative and qualitative point of view require a separate in-depth study.At the turn of the 20th century, the Lithuanian diaspora could boast quite a significant selection of literature at its disposal and a large number of members who had either basic education or were sufficiently educated. In addition, some embryonic roots in the structure of education and self-education could already be discerned, which grew over time and contributed to the development of publishing.
Švietimas ir savišvieta yra vienos esminių knygų leidybos plėtros sąlygų. Švietimo, savišvietos, skaitymo temos buvo aktualios įvairiuose JAV lietuvių išeivijos laikraščiuose. Peržiūrėjus beveik 20 įvairios apimties išeivių periodikos leidinių komplektų, galima teigti, kad XIX a. pabaigoje JAV pradėjo formuotis vaikų ir suaugusiųjų švietimo struktūros, atsirado institucijos, rėmusios aukštojo išsilavinimo siekį. Visa tai tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai siejosi su leidyba. Kartu pradėjo klostytis ir savišvietos tradicijos, nuolat augo spaudos, kaip pagrindinio jos šaltinio, reikšmė, didėjo skaityti išmokusių išeivių skaičius. Taip gausėjo spaudos skaitytojų bei pirkėjų, formavosi leidybos santykis su švietimo įstaigomis. Straipsnyje analizuojami šie ir kiti su tuo susiję klausimai (tuo metu besiformavusių išeivijos politinių dešiniosios ir kairiosios srovių požiūriai į švietimą ir savišvietą, ypač skaitymą). Nagrinėjama, kaip šios politinės srovės išnaudojo švietimą ir savišvietą savo ideologijos plėtrai pasitelkdamos leidybą ir taip plėsdamos jos repertuarą bei kiekybinius rodiklius.
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