Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple organ systems and affecting approximately 3.2% of the world's population. In this section of the guidelines of care for psoriasis, we ...will focus the discussion on ultraviolet (UV) light–based therapies, which include narrowband and broadband UVB, UVA in conjunction with photosensitizing agents, targeted UVB treatments such as with an excimer laser, and several other modalities and variations of these core phototherapies, including newer applications of pulsed dye lasers, intense pulse light, and light-emitting electrodes. We will provide an in-depth, evidence-based discussion of efficacy and safety for each treatment modality and provide recommendations and guidance for the use of these therapies alone or in conjunction with other topical and/or systemic psoriasis treatments.
To standardize the use of phototherapy consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks ...of gestation.
Relevant literature was reviewed. Phototherapy devices currently marketed in the United States that incorporate fluorescent, halogen, fiber-optic, or blue light-emitting diode light sources were assessed in the laboratory.
The efficacy of phototherapy units varies widely because of differences in light source and configuration. The following characteristics of a device contribute to its effectiveness: (1) emission of light in the blue-to-green range that overlaps the in vivo plasma bilirubin absorption spectrum (~460-490 nm); (2) irradiance of at least 30 μW · cm(-2) · nm(-1) (confirmed with an appropriate irradiance meter calibrated over the appropriate wavelength range); (3) illumination of maximal body surface; and (4) demonstration of a decrease in total bilirubin concentrations during the first 4 to 6 hours of exposure. RECOMMENDATIONS (SEE APPENDIX FOR GRADING DEFINITION): The intensity and spectral output of phototherapy devices is useful in predicting potential effectiveness in treating hyperbilirubinemia (group B recommendation). Clinical effectiveness should be evaluated before and monitored during use (group B recommendation). Blocking the light source or reducing exposed body surface should be avoided (group B recommendation). Standardization of irradiance meters, improvements in device design, and lower-upper limits of light intensity for phototherapy units merit further study. Comparing the in vivo performance of devices is not practical, in general, and alternative procedures need to be explored.
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•Easy-to-perform and cost-effective fabrication of PDA-IR820-DAP coating.•Triple therapy for Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.•Outstanding antibacterial and osseointegration-promoting ...performances.
Surgical site infection (SSI) with instrumentation is an undesired and troublesome complication in orthopaedics. Surgical debridement is currently the main treatment option. However, the poor prognosis remains the major problem and over 40% of patients needed additional surgery to remove the implant. To eliminate SSI, antibacterial and biocompatible implants are urgently needed. Herein, a novel biocompatible polydopamine (PDA)-IR820-Daptomycin (DAP) coating with triple therapy functions was successfully fabricated to enhance the anti-infection ability and osteogenic property of titanium implants. In which, PDA served as a biocompatible binder to immobilize IR820 and DAP, and possessed photothermal and osteogenic properties. The releasing of DAP inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and damaged the bacterial membrane. Meanwhile, after 808 nm laser irradiation, the combination of hyperthermia generated by PDA and singlet oxygen (1O2) produced by IR820 eradicated the biofilm noninvasively. Furthermore, this coating successfully accelerated glutathione (GSH) oxidation and destroyed the bacterial membrane, reaching an anti-bacterial efficiency of 97.2% in vitro. Additionally, the coating significantly stimulated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs). In vivo, Ti-PDA-IR820-DAP reached an anti-bacterial efficiency of 97.9% in a S. aureus biofilm-infected rat model with 15 min of irradiation at 50 °C and drastically promoted the bone-implant osseointegration in a rat femur condyle defect model. The present study demonstrates that combining antibiotics and phototherapy represents a feasible way to treat bone-implant-associated infections.
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Over the past decade, antimicrobial blue light (aBL) at 400 − 470 nm wavelength has demonstrated immense promise as an alternative approach for the treatment of multidrug-resistant ...infections. Since our last review was published in 2017, there have been numerous studies that have investigated aBL in terms of its, efficacy, safety, mechanism, and propensity for resistance development. In addition, researchers have looked at combinatorial approaches that exploit aBL and other traditional and non-traditional therapeutics. To that end, this review aims to update the findings from numerous studies that capitalize on the antimicrobial effects of aBL, with a focus on: efficacy of aBL against different microbes, identifying endogenous chromophores and targets of aBL, Resistance development to aBL, Safety of aBL against host cells, and Synergism of aBL with other agents. We will also discuss our perspective on the future of aBL.
Ti3C2-MXene-based composites provide multifunctional interfaces in diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Herein, we proposed a multifunctional nanoplatform based on Ti3C2-MXene–Au nanocomposites, which ...combines photothermal properties and peroxidase-like activity, accomplishing synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) and enzyme dynamic therapy (EDT) accompanied by photoacoustic (PA) and thermal dual-mode imaging in vivo. Furthermore, PTT induces immunogenic cell death, and EDT promotes cell apoptosis, facilitating dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T cell infiltration into the tumor. On this basis, the antibody OX40 (αOX40) was utilized to further contribute immune therapy for reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In summary, a triune of PTT/EDT/antitumor immune therapy is achieved by combining Ti3C2-MXene–Au nanocomposites and αOX40, which possesses several strong features of good biocompatibility, NIR-controlled targeting, significant cancer cell killing, and satisfactory biosafety in vitro and in vivo. Our work might highlight the promising application of MXene-based nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
Foreseen as foundational in forthcoming oncology interventions are multimodal therapeutic systems. Nevertheless, the tumor microenvironment (TME), marked by heightened glucose levels, hypoxia, and ...scant concentrations of endogenous hydrogen peroxide could potentially impair their effectiveness. In this research, two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets are engineered with CeO2 nanozymes and glucose oxidase (GOD), optimizing them for TME, specifically targeting cancer therapy. Following our therapeutic design, CeO2 nanozymes, embodying both peroxidase-like and catalase-like characteristics, enable transformation of H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals for catalytic therapy while also producing oxygen to mitigate hypoxia. Concurrently, GOD metabolizes glucose, thereby augmenting H2O2 levels and disrupting the intracellular energy supply. When subjected to a near-infrared laser, 2D Ti3C2 MXene accomplishes photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), additionally amplifying cascade catalytic treatment via thermal enhancement. Empirical evidence demonstrates robust tumor suppression both in vitro and in vivo by the CeO2/Ti3C2-PEG-GOD nanocomposite. Consequently, this integrated approach, which combines PTT/PDT and enzymatic catalysis, could offer a valuable blueprint for the development of advanced oncology therapies.
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