Amaç: Bu çalışma topikal antiglokomatöz ilaçların gözyaşı fonksiyonlarına etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya % 0.5 betaksolol, % 0.5 timolol ve % 2 pilokarpin kullanan açık ...açılı glokomlu 68 hasta ile, aynı yaş grubunda sağlıklı 74 olgu alınmıştır. Gözyaşı sekresyonu için Schirmer l testi ve stabilitesi için gözyaşı kırılma zamanı ölçümü yapıldı. Bulgular: Her iki grupta alınan sonuçların karşılaştırılmasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmedi. Sonuç: Topikal antiglokomatöz ilaçların gözyaşı fonksiyonları üzerine etkisi olmadı. Ancak bu hastaların yakından izlenmesi ve yan etkiler görüldüğünde uygun tedaviye başlanması gerektiğini söyleyebiliriz.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical antiglaucomatous drugs on the secretion and stability of tears in glaucoma patients. Methods: In this study, we examined 68 patients diagnosed as primary open angle glaucoma using 0.5% betaxolol, 0.5% timolol and 2% pilocarpin, in comparison with 74 healthy control cases. For this purpose, tears secretion was measured by Schirmer test I and stabilization of precorneal film by break-up time. Results: There was no statistically significant change found in the evaluated parameters. Conclusion: Topical antiglaucomatous drugs have no effect on the tears functions. However, we suggest the close follow-up and giving appropriate drugs when the adverse effects are seen.
INTRODUCTION: A previous study has employed shear-wave ultrasound elastographic imaging to assess corneal rigidity in an ex-vivo porcine eye model. This study employs the same modality in vivo in a ...rabbit eye model in order to assess lens, ciliary body and total ocular rigidity changes following the instillation of atropine and pilocarpine. METHODS: Ten non-pigmented female rabbits were examined. Measurements of the lens, ciliary body and total ocular rigidity as well as lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were taken with the Aixplorer system (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) with the SuperLinear™ SL 15-4 transducer in both eyes at baseline as well as after pilocarpine and atropine instillation. The IOP was also measured with the TonoPen tonometer. RESULTS: Changes in rigidity in the examined areas following atropine instillation were statistically not significant. Ciliary body rigidity was significantly increased whereas lens and total ocular rigidity were significantly reduced following pilocarpine instillation. The decrease in lens rigidity following pilocarpine was significantly associated with the respective increase in ciliary body rigidity. CONCLUSIONS: Shear-wave ultrasound elastography can detect in vivo rigidity changes in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye model and may potentially be applied in human eyes, providing useful clinical information on conditions in which rigidity changes play an important role, such as glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome or presbyopia.
E. T. Detorakis, E. E. Drakonaki, H. Ginis, N. Karyotakis, I. G. Pallikaris
Cilj je prikazati slučaj nastanka rožničnih komplikacija uzrokovanih konzervansima pri dugotrajnoj upotrebi kapi 1%- tnog pilokarpin hidroklorida (Pilokarpin, Pliva, Zagreb, Hrvatska) i njihovo ...liječenje. Bolesnik s glaukomom zatvorenog kuta koji se unazad dvadeset godina liječio antiglaukomskim kapima 1%-tnog pilokarpin hidroklorida tri puta na dan žalio se na slabiji vid, haloe i povremeno crvenilo očiju. Oftalmološkim pregledom nađene su obostrane pojasaste degeneracije rožnice, periferne laserske iriditomije, zjenice u medikamentnoj miozi, tamna nuklearna bilateralna katarakta i scintilirajuća sinhiza desnog oka. Konzervans živin nitrat smatra se uzrokom pojasaste degeneracije rožnice kod ovoga bolesnika. Liječenje bolesnika sastojalo se od dva postupka za oba oka: prvi je bio kombinirani zahvat fakoemulzifikacije katarakte s trabekulektomijom, a nakon šest mjeseci liječenje koje je uključivalo abraziju kornealnog epitela i uklanjanje stromalnih kalcijskih depozita pomoću 3,75%-tne otopine etilendiamintetraoctene kiseline (EDTA). Vidna oštrina nakon fakotrabekulektomije bila je 0,8 na oba oka. Obostrano poboljšanje vida do vidne oštrine 1,0 postiglo se nakon uklanjanja rožničnih depozita pomoću EDTA. Zaključuje se kako se prilikom dugotrajne upotrebe lijekova s konzervansima mogu očekivati nuspojave kao što je pojasasta degeneracija rožnice koja može doprinijeti znatnom smanjenju vidne oštrine. Kirurško liječenje pomoću EDTA je sigurna i učinkovita metoda liječenja pojasaste degeneracije rožnice.
Neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields due to lithium-pilocarpine- induced status epilepticus (SE) and the effects of a nitric oxide (NO) substrate, L-Arginine and a NO synthase ...inhibitor, $N_{w}$ -nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on SE-induced brain damage were determined using the neuron counting procedure in rats. Rats were implanted with four chronic, epidural screw electrodes in order to obtain electrocortical recordings. SE was determined from the electrocortical recordings. After decapitation, the brains were removed, and the hippocampal sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t- test were used for statistical purposes. The normal pyramidal neuron numbers of rats which had exhibited SE were significantly lower than those of rats that had not displayed SE. Both L-Arginine and L-NAME increased the neuronal loss induced by SE. We concluded that lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE leads to neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields. L-Arginine and L-NAME, which were expected to show opposite actions, acted in a similar manner at the given doses.
