The identification of land type multi-functionality is a basic tool for the organization, coordination, and configuration of basin land, and provides a key criterion for determining the combination ...of land-use functions and the status quo of the ecological environment in the basin. However, a feasible identification method system for this purpose has not yet been established. Therefore, in this study, we construct a production–living–ecological space (PLES) classification system from the comprehensive perspective of land-use type and ecological environment. Based on remote sensing of PLES and statistical land-use status data for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, we analyze the evolutionary characteristics of land-use function using the transfer matrix and center of gravity transfer methods. These are combined with the eco-environmental quality index to reveal the driving factors of eco-environmental quality spatial differentiation using the geographic detector model. The results indicate that the overall ecological environment quality index of the Tarim River Basin presents a downward trend, with a spatial differentiation pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Over the past 20 years, the ecological environment quality index has dropped by 0.852. The structural evolution and regional differentiation of PLES areas are remarkable, all of which expanded over the study period (except for the key ecological land). The center of gravity of production land presented the most obvious migration, with a total migration of 10,601.76 m to the northeast. Eco-environmental effects are found to be mainly driven by socio-economic factors, of which population density growth is the most important. The implementation of some ecological restoration projects has played a role in slowing down the degradation trend of the ecological environment quality in the Tarim River Basin; however, due to population increases and socio-economic development, the ecological environment degradation has overall been exacerbated.
Este es un trabajo de colaboración entre universidades. Los propósitos de esta investigación son: (a) Conocer de manera directa y en profundidad las posibilidades de los programas del practicum en la ...realidad institucional, empresarial y laboral de su entorno social. (b) Analizar críticamente los nuevos ambientes de aprendizaje (entornos dinámicos web 2.0) y los aprendizajes informales (c) Desarrollar la capacidad de ser autónomo en la realización de tareas donde tenemos que aplicar teoría y práctica. La muestra la componen 196 estudiantes de 3º y 5º de Pedagogía. La metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa (cuestionarios, grupos de discusión, foros, blogs y entrevistas).
Coordinated and sustainable development of production-living-ecological space (PLES) is directly related to the global energy security and quality of life in coal areas. However, the current surface ...subsidence control methods have some problems, such as low resource recovery rate, high cost, insufficient materials, which are difficult to meet the requirements for the PLES sustainable development in coal areas. Under this background, based on characteristics of surface subsidence and deformation due to sub-critical extraction, the large protection area, and high deformation tolerance in PLES of mining areas, the new method of regional mining subsidence control was proposed, with the combination of source control and ground rehabilitation. The effectiveness of the method was verified by numerical simulation results and practical applications, and the application principles and implementation methods were proposed. The research results could provide technical support for the sustainable development of coal areas in major coal producing countries of the world.
Located in China’s Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Daqing River Basin has a high economic development level. The natural and social conditions within the basin vary greatly, and the spatial ...configuration of the Production–Living–Ecological Space (PLES) between different sub-regions is unbalanced, with problems and contradictions in the functions of PLES becoming increasingly prominent. This study constructs a PLES classification system for the Daqing River Basin based on multi-period land use data, simulates the future land use evolution of the basin using the Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, calculates the coupling degree (CD) coupling coordination degree (CCD) of PLES from 1992 to 2020, and, under the natural trend development scenario (NT), cropland preservation development scenario (CP), and ecological preservation development scenario (EP) of 2030, quantitatively analyses the historical evolution and future direction of the three-life spatial. The results show that: (1) From 1992 to 2020, the area of living space in the Daqing River Basin has increased significantly, while the area of production space and ecological space has decreased significantly. Compared to NT, CP is beneficial to the maintenance of production space, while the EP is beneficial to the maintenance of ecological space. (2) Globally, the CD and the CCD of PLES in the Daqing River Basin show an increasing trend from 1992 to 2010 and a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2020. In 2030, the CD and the CCD of PLES of the three development scenarios decrease significantly compared to 2020; however, the decrease in CP is slight. (3) By region, from 1992 to 2020, the CCD of PLES in the western and eastern parts of the Daqing River Basin increases relatively more, while the central part increases slightly. Compared to 2020, the CCD of PLES in the central part of the Daqing River Basin is predicted to decrease significantly under NT and EP in 2030, while the decrease is slightly less under CP. In all three scenarios, there are some areas where the CCD of PLES increases in the western areas. This study highlights the internal variability of the spatial evolution of PLES in the basin and focuses on the impact of different future development scenarios on the spatial changes of PLES, which can offer an enlightenment for high-quality development and sustainable territorial spatial planning in the Daqing River Basin.
The wolf spider Lycosa tarantula returns home by means of path integration. Previous studies demonstrated: (i) that the angular component of the outbound run is measured using a polarized-light ...compass associated with the anterior median eyes; (ii) changes in direction of the substratum are detected by the anterior lateral eyes (ALEs); and (iii) in relation to the linear component of the outbound run, an increase of optic flow, in either the lateral or ventral fields of view, caused spiders to search for the burrow at a point nearer to the goal. However, the role of the secondary eyes ALEs, posterior lateral eyes (PLEs) and posterior median eyes (PMEs) in the perception of this optic flow and the importance of them for gauging the distance walked is still unknown. In this study, lateral or ventral gratings of wavelength λ=1 cm were used, with two groups of spiders in each setup: (1) PLEs+PMEs covered and (2) ALEs covered. The largest reduction in the distance walked to return to the burrow was observed with the ventral grating/ALEs covered. These results show the importance of the previously neglected ALEs for the visual behavior of these spiders. The possibility of gathering information for locomotion from the three pairs of secondary eyes in the mushroom bodies is discussed.
Let
q
be a nondegenerate quadratic form on
V
. Let
X
⊂
V
be invariant for the action of a Lie group
G
contained in
S
O
(
V
,
q
). For any
f
∈
V
consider the function
d
f
from
X
to
ℂ
defined by
d
f
(
...x
) =
q
(
f
−
x
). We show that the critical points of
d
f
lie in the subspace orthogonal to
g
⋅
f
, that we call critical space. In particular any closest point to
f
in
X
lie in the critical space. This construction applies to singular t-ples for tensors and to flag varieties and generalizes a previous result of Draisma, Tocino and the author. As an application, we compute the Euclidean Distance degree of a complete flag variety.
From the perspective of the production–living–ecological space, this paper reclassifies the land-use categories in the central and southern Liaoning urban agglomeration in the years 1990, 2000, 2010 ...and 2018. It then quantitatively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land-use transitions by adopting the land-use transfer matrix and other methods. This paper further uses the eco-environmental quality index and ecological contribution rate to explore the eco-environmental effects of the land-use transition. Finally, it identifies the influencing factors of the eco-environmental effect and the spatial differentiation law of the effect in the study area through the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. The main conclusions reached are as follows: (1) During the study period, a slow increase was seen in the ecological land of the central and southern Liaoning urban agglomeration. A sharp decline occurred in the production land, and a rapid rise was found in the living land. (2) From 1990 to 2018, the eco-environmental quality index in the study region showed significant spatial differentiation, with the distribution characteristics being high in the east and low in the west. The areas have expanded and spread along the Shenyang-Dalian axis to form medium-low quality agglomerations. The encroachment of agricultural production land and urban and rural living land on forest ecological land is the main contributor to the deterioration of the eco-environmental quality during the study period. (3) Compared with the geographically weighted regression model and the ordinary least squares model, a remarkable advancement can be seen in the MGWR model, which is more suitable for research on the influencing factors of eco-environmental quality. In addition, different influencing factors have significant spatial differences in the degree and scale of impact.
National parks play a crucial role in the worldwide system of natural conservation, significantly influencing land utilization, the sustainability of local livelihoods, and the environmental ...integrity of nearby regions. In this study, the coupled coordination model and ArcGIS tools are applied to examine the temporal and spatial progression of the coordination of the system of land, the environment, and residents’ livelihoods (the LEL system). The construction of the LEL system and the use of natural geographic and socio-economic data are the main innovations of this research. The findings indicate that over the last 15 years, Wuyishan National Park has witnessed growth in its ecological and agricultural areas alongside a decline in its water-based ecological zones. The creation of the national park has obviously promoted the coordination of the LEL systems in nearby areas and has a significant spatial spillover effect. Consequently, for the upcoming development of Wuyishan National Park, it is crucial to modify the framework of the agricultural sector, enhance local public infrastructure, and bolster the safeguarding of water ecological areas.
Space is the fundamental carrier for production, living, and ecological activities, and optimizing the spatial pattern is of vital importance to promote regional sustainable development. To achieve ...this goal, the core issues are to identify the risks of resource and environmental constraints of development and to realize the rational distribution of human living space. Based on the integration of multisource heterogeneous data, taking Yunnan Province, a typical mountainous area in China, as an example, this research proposes a multi-object suitability evaluation method based on 50 × 50 m grid data at the provincial scale. We build a spatial conflict analysis model to identify production–living–ecological space (PLES) and propose governance suggestions for different functional areas. The results show that (1) areas suitable for ecology make up the greatest proportion of Yunnan Province, but areas with living and ecological functions show obvious spatial complementarity; (2) areas suitable for production are restricted by steep slope, geological hazards and fragmented pattern; (3) areas suitable for living is rare, and they are mainly concentrated in the plains of central Yunnan; and (4) twenty-seven percent of area has potential spatial conflicts, among which 4.38% of the area is all suitable for production–living–ecological. The production–living advantage areas are concentrated in the central Yunnan UA (Urban agglomeration), which has a high spatial overlap. These results are expected to provide valuable insights to support comprehensive multifunctional spatial utilization and sustainable development in mountainous areas.
The transition of land use function and its effects on ecosystem services is a key issue in eco-environmental protection and is the basis of territorial space governance and optimization. Previous ...studies have typically selected land use types to evaluate ecosystem service value (ESV) and have overlooked comprehensive characteristics of ecosystem services and the mutual feedback relationship between human social systems and the ecosystem. Taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Hubei section (TGRA-HS) as a case study, we used a transition matrix, the revised ESV method, and an ecological contribution rate model to explore land use function transition (LUFT) and its effects on the change in ESV based on the production–living–ecological space (PLES) classification system. The results show that: (1) The transition of land use function based on PLES was the mapping of the evolution of the human–nature relationship in the spatial pattern, which reflected the evolution of the spatial pattern caused by human interference with the continuous development of society; (2) The evolution of PLES showed the characteristics of a reduction in production space (P-space), and an expansion in living space (L-space) and ecological space (E-space). The distribution pattern of PLES from 1990 to 2020 was basically the same, and the characteristics of structural transform reflected the characteristics of project construction in different phases; (3) The E-space contributed the most to the total ESV, and it has risen by CNY 13.06 × 108. The transition of land use function caused by human construction projects impacts the spatiotemporal change in the regional ESV; (4) The change in ESV induced by LUFT revealed the whole dynamic process of the positive and negative effects of human construction projects on ecosystem services, and the two effects offset each other to keep the ESV relatively stable. The transition of E-space to P-space had the greatest impact on the reduction in ESV, whose contribution rate was 82.76%. The dynamic changes in land use function and ESV corresponding to the different stages of the Three Gorges Project’s (TGP) construction reveals the important driving effect of human activities on ecosystem services. It reminds us that humans should not forget to protect the eco-environment when obtaining services from the ecosystem.
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