The methods of synthesis and the properties of polyaniline—a representative of the family of conducting polymers—are reviewed briefly. It is shown that variation in the conditions of aniline ...polymerization makes it possible to synthesize polymer materials with the desired structures and properties and, thus, to provide for the use of polyaniline in various fields of science and engineering. Special attention is given to the matrix synthesis of polyaniline as the main approach to obtain electroactive and conducting composite materials. The use of polyaniline and the related composite materials in polymer electronics is analyzed briefly.
High-entropy ceramics (HECs) have quickly gained attention since 2015. To date, nearly all work has focused on five-component, equimolar compositions. This perspective article briefly reviews ...different families of HECs and selected properties. Following a couple of our most recent studies, we propose a step forward to expand HECs to compositionally complex ceramics (CCCs) to include medium-entropy and non-equimolar compositions. Using defective fluorite and ordered pyrochlore oxides as two primary examples, we further consider the complexities of aliovalent cations and anion vacancies as well as ordered structures with two cation sublattices. Better thermally insulating yet stiff CCCs have been found in non-equimolar compositions with optimal amounts of oxygen vacancies and in ordered pyrochlores with substantial size disorder. It is demonstrated that medium-entropy ceramics can prevail over their high-entropy counterparts. The diversifying classes of CCCs provide even more possibilities than HECs to tailor the composition, defects, disorder/order, and, consequently, various properties.
Increased energy consumption stimulates the development of various energy types. As a result, the storage of these different types of energy becomes a key issue. Supercapacitors, as one important ...energy storage device, have gained much attention and owned a wide range of applications by taking advantages of micro-size, lightweight, high power density and long cycle life. From this perspective, numerous studies, especially on electrode materials, have been reported and great progress in the advancement in both the fundamental and applied fields of supercapacitor has been achieved. Herein, a review of recent progress in carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes is presented. First, the two mechanisms of supercapacitors are briefly introduced. Then, research on carbon-based material electrodes for supercapacitor in recent years is summarized, including different dimensional carbon-based materials and biomass-derived carbon materials. The characteristics and fabrication methods of these materials and their performance as capacitor electrodes are discussed. On the basis of these materials, many supercapacitor devices have been developed. Therefore, in the third part, the supercapacitor devices based on these carbon materials are summarized. A brief overview of two types of conventional supercapacitor according to the charge storage mechanism is compiled, including their development process, the merits or withdraws, and the principle of expanding the potential range. Additionally, another fast-developed capacitor, hybrid ion capacitors as a good compromise between battery and supercapacitor are also discussed. Finally, the future aspects and challenges on the carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes are proposed.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is an intrinsically conductive polymer that is used in a wide range of applications such as antistatics, capacitors, touch panels, organic light emitting ...diodes, organic solar cells and printed electronics. This paper describes the characteristic parameters of 31 different commercially available PEDOT dispersions. It shows how the PEDOT dispersions have been tailored to each of those applications and thereby the opportunities and limitations of this material.
Three Co(II) metal–organic frameworks (Co-MOFs) build by 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)diphenyl ether (bidpe), m-Phthalic acid (H
2
mpa), 5-Nitroisophthalic acid (H
2
nmpa) and ...5-sulfonatobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylate (H
2
smpa), namely: Co(mpa)(bidpe)
n
(
1
), Co(nmpa)(bidpe)
n
(
2
), {Co
1.5
(smpa)(bidpe)
2
·1.5H
2
O·0.25DMA}
n
(
3
), were synthesized under same solvothermal condition. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound
1
shows a 4-connected
sql
net with Schläfli point symbol (4
4
·6
2
). Compound
2
displays a 3, 5-connected net with Schläfli point symbol (4
2
·6
7
·8)(4
2
·6). Compound
3
possesses a 3-connected net with Schläfli point symbol (4
2
·6). The photocatalytic investigations indicate that compounds
1
–
3
afford good photocatalytic capabilities in degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methylene violet (MV). Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic mechanisms have been discussed.
Evolution of Organometallasiloxanes Anisimov, A. A.; Minyaylo, E. O.; Shakirova, A. R. ...
Polymer science. Series C,
12/2023, Letnik:
65, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The development of organometallasiloxane chemistry from first polymeric systems to individual organometallasiloxanes and functional oligomeric compounds is considered. The structural diversity of ...organosilicon precursors and the variability of metal-containing components are presented. Synthetic approaches are considered in detail, including those that allow targeted production of organometallasiloxanes of a certain structure. Using the example of organometallasiloxanes synthesized from trifunctional organoalkoxysilanes, methods for the synthesis of unique stereoregular functional cyclosiloxanes and their derivatives are highlighted. Considerable attention is given to the applied aspects of various structure organometallasiloxanes and their derivatives. The state of the art of the chemistry of organometallasiloxanes and their further evolution are evaluated critically.
Polyethylene glycol–polyvinyl alcohol (PEG–PVA) blend is a multifunctional material and controlling its properties is important for various medical and industrial uses. In this paper, we report the ...influence of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and doping with tin oxide (SnO
2
) nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural and optical properties of PEG–PVA. The prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopies. SnO
2
NPs of rutile structure, average crystallite size of ∼30.2 nm and optical band gap (
E
g
) of 3.68 eV were prepared by a simple sol–gel process. CMC addition enhances the crystallinity of PEG–PVA that then gradually reduced by increasing SnO
2
doping ratio. The optical transmittance of PEG–PVA increased from 77 to 90% after mixing with CMC and then decreased to 64% with increasing SnO
2
content to 1.5%. Also, the
E
g
of PEG–PVA increased from 5.20 to 5.28 eV and then decreased to 4.88 eV due to CMC addition and SnO
2
incorporation, respectively. The refractive index, the dispersion parameters and the optical conductivity of PEG–PVA, CMC/PEG–PVA and of its nanocomposite films are discussed. The correlation between the structural modifications and the resultant optical properties are reported.
The poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microsphere (PGMA microsphere) is one of the most useful colloidal particles due to its structural arrangement. It has an easy functionalization, dispersion, ...adsorption and swelling properties. The PGMA was effectively used as a precursor for the development of many novel and advanced materials with enhanced properties lead to diverse applications. For instance, the incorporation of nanoparticles in PGMA exhibited progressive properties. Nevertheless, homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in polymers is not that much simple due to their tendency to get aggregate. Whereas, the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the PGMA is quite easy due to its grafting ability. The design, development and characterization of PGMA based novel materials for improved properties and apply those materials for diverse problems has gained a great interest among the researchers from the past one decade. This review highlights the insights on different methods of preparation of PGMA based materials to attain the desired properties and provide useful information about the characteristic features of the PGMA microspheres. This review also useful to evaluate some of the key aspects for the development of PGMA based materials and endow with new possible ways and ideas to take up some innovative research.
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