The transformation, which has always existed for the armies throughout history, evolved in a different direction with the end of the Cold War, and it was believed that the conventional army approach ...could not adequately respond to the changing security threats for states. This situation has revealed the necessity of restructuring armies under the new threats and mission types that emerged. In this study, the new missions for the armed forces, which emerged as a result of the change in the military with the end of the Cold War and which are the subject of the discipline of military sociology, are discussed through the analysis of the US, Russia, and Türkiye. While the states in the two opposite blocks of the Cold War period put military institutionalization and practices on the top of their agenda in line with the leading powers of the blocks, the main problem of the study is how this process will be realized in the new period after the Cold War. As per the way the problem is posed, the three countries selected are considered appropriate for this analysis. Contrary to the traditional view, this study argues that the sole function of armies is now not only to battle but that they have gained different functions in the new era and that the countries have created new missions and institutional structures quite similar to each other, in contrast to the military understandings that diverged in line with the rigid blocs of the past. In the Turkish literature, there are almost no studies on the new missions that have emerged as a direct result of the transformation of the armies. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will make original contributions to the military sociology literature.
This article traces the evolution of the well-known Legiones Cannenses from a citizen army into a professional force, possibly the first in the history of the Roman army. I shall focus on three main ...aspects of this transformation. First, I shall deal with the split of the legionaries from civic life, in the wake of the battle of Cannae. The Roman senate in 215 BCE decided to strip the survivors of the battle of their civil rights and sent them to garrison Sicily. The decision of the Senate created a mercenary force, different from the rest of the Roman army. Then, I shall examine the peculiar commitment of the soldiers to some of the most important warlords, such as Marcellus, Scipio, and Flamininus, who in turn were in command of the Legiones Cannenses during the Second Punic War and the Second Macedonian War. The last topic discussed in this part are the changes in the tactical composition of the Legiones Cannenses, evident in the African campaign. By then, the tactical composition of the Legiones Cannenses looked very much akin to that of the Late Republican legions. The cohors had taken the place of the manipulum as the main tactical unit.
The article is devoted to the discussion of the transition from the mass to the professional army, which was conducted in the domestic and world military literature both before the First World War ...and in the period between the World Wars. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in our time, the transition to a professional army really takes place in many countries of the world, including Russia. A review is made of a number of military works, the authors of which upheld the idea of a professional army. The content of the concepts of the White Immigrant General Gerua and the German General Seeckt is analyzed in particular detail. It is concluded that the understanding of a professional army in the first half of the 20th century was fundamentally different from the modern one: its supporters believed that it should not be a replacement, but just a supplement to the mass conscript army, a kind of guard of the industrial era. Particular attention is paid to criticism of the concept of a professional army by Soviet military authors of the 1920s and 1930s, including the People’s Commissar for Defense Marshal Voroshilov, as well as some foreign military authors of that time. The article shows that this criticism was justified: the Second World War was conducted by draft armies.
The information revolution produced major social changes at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The new social theories were required in order to understand and explain social ...phenomena in modern, changed society, as well as to understand and explain the very society itself. One of the most influential contemporary social theories was offered by Manuel Castells, whose network society provides excellent analytical insights into many social phenomena, including war. The paper explains Castells' theoretical view of the division of war in the modern world into instant war and prolonged war. Instant war has been made possible by breakthroughs in technology that have been achieved in recent decades, but the need for it arose in the appropriate social context and on the basis of certain political decisions. In modern developed countries, conclusions have been drawn that war is acceptable for their citizens under three conditions: if ordinary citizens are not engaged in war, but the professional army is; if war is short and does not require a large expenditure of human and economic resources; and if war is viewed as clean, with the precise destruction of justified targets. The explanation of the social context in which the war transformation has taken place is also the subject of this paper. The main hypothesis that is being proven is that the theoretical concept of instant war enables the understanding of the perception of acceptable war, from the perspective of a modern, consumer society. The paper critically discusses the possibilities of conducting instant war, and it hypothetically-deductively derives dangers that the transformation of war and the army brings to modern democracies.
Physical training is an integral part of the overall training in the Serbian Armed Forces. It is a basis of combat preparedness of every soldier, hence it has to be an inherent part of their lives. ...The main idea of the current research is to examine weather high intensity interval exercises have a positive influence on the functional and motor abilities of the members of the Serbian Armed Forces. Repetitive strength, as one of the tested abilities, was significantly better in the experimental group of participants, which implies that applied interval exercise had improved the results of repetitive strength tests. These findings are in line with previous studies. Furthermore, it has been found that the experimental program of exercise did not influence functional abilities, i.e. there is no differences in aerobic fitness between the experimental and the control group. The experimental program should serve as an idea and basis for the finding, creation and designing of new ways of exercise within physical training at all levels in the system such is the Serbian Armed Forces.
Many of the Western countries have radically changed their system of conscription in the recent decades. Turkey that enthusiastically takes the West as a model in many fields continues, however, to ...ignore developments in the Western military systems and sticks to its traditional understanding of military institutions. The present study seeks to examine the rationale behind Turkey’s conscription system and its reluctance to reform. Why is the Justice and Development Party (JDP) still stuck to the same conscription system that remained untouched in its fundamentals for 85 years? The basic argument of the article is that although the discourse in Turkish foreign policy changed considerably under the JDP, Turkish decision leaders
still have a security understanding dominated by the realist approach.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The civilian dimension of the EU’s CSDP has traditionally played a Cinderella-like role in the EU crisis management system. And like the original fairy tale, it seems that civilian CSDP will need ...three essential elements to succeed: (1) a renewed and credible strategic framework – the ‘ball gown’; (2) adequate operational capabilities – the ‘pumpkin carriage’; and (3) a solid commitment by relevant stakeholders – the ‘Prince Charming’
Envisioning European defence Andersson, Jan Joel; Biscop, Sven; Giegerich, Bastian ...
Chaillot papers (Paris),
2016, Letnik:
137, March 2016
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This Chaillot Paper stems from a combination of frustration and ambition: frustration over the limited progress achieved so far at European level, and ambition to help clarify and articulate the ...possible outcomes that common action (or inaction) can produce a few years from now. While the report that the EUISS produced 3 years ago for the EU Military Committee (EUMC) outlined five main ‘avenues’ for future EU military capabilities, this Chaillot Paper goes ‘back to the future’ and outlines what such capabilities will be like around 2025 and beyond — in five variations — if certain decisions are taken (or not) in the next few months.
This report, which focuses on key features of African armed forces, serves as an introductory guide to those interested not only in the military institutions themselves, but also the context in which ...European CSDP operations in Africa are deployed. Capacity-building and training missions on the African continent are confronted with challenges which are often the result of regional historical, economic and political processes – but also the outcome of divergences which exist between European and African security environments, among African forces themselves and with regard to threats faced. In presenting this analysis of African armies, this publication aims to foster increased understanding of the relevant issues, and enhance European effectiveness in this field.
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