Introduction: Pulp exposure in permanent teeth conventionally has been treated with calcium hydroxide pulp capping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological finding of healthy human ...pulp tissue after pulp capping using new materials, Biodentine (BD) and Propolis (Pr). Materials and Methods: Forty intact human premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were mechanically exposed. Teeth were divided into four groups of ten teeth each and capped with Pr and BD. The final restoration was done with glass ionomer restorative material. The teeth were then extracted on the 15th or the 45th day and subjected to processing for histological evaluation by an image analysis software. Results: Differences in inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation of the exposed pulp to the different materials. The BD group, at all evaluation periods, exhibited a thick newly formed reparative bridge of dentin that totally obliterating the site of exposure. At the exposure site, cell inclusions and mineralization, variable numbers of odontoblast-like cells, preserved pulp tissue, marked numerous collagen fibers, and blood vessels, were observed. On the other hand, the Pr group did not show any presence of dentin bridge or calcified material and intermediate to acute inflammation after the 15th day. On the 45th day, Pr showed an entire newly formed bridge of reparative dentin tissue, complete pulp degeneration with multiple edematous spaces, hyperemic blood vessels, vacuolated odontoblasts, extravasated red blood cells, multiple mineralized structures dispersed just underneath the dentin bridge and through the pulp tissue, and newly ill-defined odontoblasts. Conclusion: For pulp capping, BD has a better dentin bridge formation and pulp preservation than pr in the human teeth.
Duloxetine (DLX) is a potent drug investigated for the treatment of depression and urinary incontinence. DLX is extensively metabolized in the liver by two P450 isozymes, CYP2D6 and CYP1A2. Propolis ...(PPL) is one of the popular functional foods known to have effects on activities of CYPs, including CYP1A2. Due to the high probability of using DLX and PPL simultaneously, the present study was designed to investigate the potent effect of PPL on pharmacokinetics (PKs) of DLX after co-administration in humans. A PK study was first conducted in 18 rats (
= 6/group), in which the plasma concentration of DLX and its major metabolite 4-hydroxy duloxetine (4-HD) with or without administration of PPL was recorded. Population PKs and potential effects of PPL were then analyzed using NONMEM software. Lastly, these results were extrapolated from rats to humans using the allometric scaling and the liver blood flow method. PPL (15,000 mg/day) exerts a statistically significant increase in DLX exposures at steady state, with a 20.2% and 24.6% increase in DLX C m a x , s s and the same 28.0% increase in DLX A U C s s when DLX (40 or 60 mg) was administered once or twice daily, respectively. In conclusion, safety issues are required to be attended to when individuals simultaneously use DLX and PPL at high doses, and the possibility of interactions between DLX and PPL might be noted.
Antibacterial Properties of Propolis Przybyłek, Izabela; Karpiński, Tomasz M
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland),
05/2019, Letnik:
24, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Researchers are continuing to discover all the properties of propolis due to its complex composition and associated broad spectrum of activities. This review aims to characterize the latest ...scientific reports in the field of antibacterial activity of this substance. The results of studies on the influence of propolis on more than 600 bacterial strains were analyzed. The greater activity of propolis against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative was confirmed. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of propolis from different regions of the world was compared. As a result, high activity of propolis from the Middle East was found in relation to both, Gram-positive (
) and Gram-negative (
) strains. Simultaneously, the lowest activity was demonstrated for propolis samples from Germany, Ireland and Korea.
Dental caries is the most common disease in the human mouth.
is the primary cariogenic bacterium. Propolis is a nontoxic natural product with a strong inhibitory effect on oral cariogenic bacteria. ...The polyphenol-rich extract from propolis inhibits
growth and biofilm formation, as well as the genes involved in virulence and adherence, through the inhibition of glucosyltransferases (GTF). However, because the chemical composition of propolis is highly variable and complex, the mechanism of its antimicrobial action and the active compound are controversial and not completely understood. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is abundant in the polyphenolic compounds from propolis, and it has many pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of CAPE on common oral cariogenic bacteria (
,
,
, and
) and its effects on the biofilm-forming and cariogenic abilities of
CAPE shows remarkable antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. Moreover, CAPE also inhibits the formation of
biofilms and their metabolic activity in mature biofilms. Furthermore, CAPE can inhibit the key virulence factors of
associated with cariogenicity, including acid production, acid tolerance, and the bacterium's ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), without affecting bacterial viability at subinhibitory levels. In conclusion, CAPE appears to be a new agent with anticariogenic potential, not only via inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria.
Propolis is a natural product resulting from the mixing of bee secretions with botanical exudates. Since propolis is rich in flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives, the application of propolis ...extracts has been tried in therapies against cancer, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. As metabolic diseases develop relatively slowly in patients, the therapeutic effects of propolis in humans should be evaluated over long periods of time. Moreover, several factors such as medical history, genetic inheritance, and living environment should be taken into consideration in human studies. Animal models, especially mice and rats, have some advantages, as genetic and microbiological variables can be controlled. On the other hand, cellular models allow the investigation of detailed molecular events evoked by propolis and derivative compounds. Taking advantage of animal and cellular models, accumulating evidence suggests that propolis extracts have therapeutic effects on obesity by controlling adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, food intake, and energy expenditure. Studies in animal and cellular models have also indicated that propolis modulates oxidative stress, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and adipose tissue inflammation, all of which contribute to insulin resistance or defects in insulin secretion. Consequently, propolis treatment may mitigate diabetic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review describes the beneficial effects of propolis on metabolic disorders.
Propolis is an herbal medicinal plant that contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester. This natural polyphenol compound acts as an antioxidant and can reduce blood glucose levels and increase body weight. ...This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Gunung Lawu propolis in lowering blood glucose levels and increasing body weight in diabetic rats. The Wistar rats were induced with STZ 45 mg/kg BW and nicotinamide 110 mg/kg BW as diabetic model rats. Research subjects were taken randomly and divided into five groups: (1) Normal, (2) DM with no propolis, (3) DM 14 days + propolis 100 mg/kg BW/day (P1), (4) DM 14 days + Propolis 200 mg/kg BW/day (P2), and (5) DM 0 day + Propolis 200 mg/kg BW/day (P3). Propolis extract was given orally once a day for 14 consecutive days (in groups 3 and 4) and 28 consecutive days (in group 5). Blood glucose levels in the treatment group (P1, P2, and P3) decreased significantly (P1: 115.28 ± 4.7 mg/dL; P2: 98.36 ± 4.8 mg/dL; and P3: 87.36 ± 4, 2 mg/dL) compared with that in the DM group (272.07 ± 3.9 mg/dL). The body weight of the treatment group (P1, P2, and P3) increased significantly (P1: 180.60 ± 5.7 g; P2: 180.60 ± 4.2 g; and P3: 208.00 ± 5.1 gr) compared with that in the DM group (160.00 ± 3.2 gr). In conclusion, Propolis is effective in reducing blood glucose levels and improving (increasing) body weight in diabetic model rats.
Background: In Indonesia, the prevalence of dental and oral problems is still high at 57.6% in 2018, especially periodontitis at 74.1%. Peptidoglycan is an essential component of the bacterial cell ...wall. Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (PGT) is a protein target that plays a role in transferring lipid disaccharides II to growing glycan chains for bacterial cell wall synthesis. Propolis is a natural ingredient produced by bees and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant properties so that it has the potential to be a natural mouthwash ingredient. One of the antibacterial properties of propolis is to be able to kill and reduce the number of bacteria that cause periodontitis. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the potential of a specific compound of propolis as an inhibitor of protein peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase through bonding interactions. Methods: The method used is an in-silico test in molecular docking with computational software, namely Molegro virtual docker and Discovery Studio visualizer. Results: This study showed the types of bonds between the four compounds, and chlorhexidine as a control showed similar types of bonds, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and unfavourable bonds. The binding energy values of each of the five compounds were pinocembrin -222.166 kJ/mol, hesperetin -230.144 kJ/mol, chrysin -219.45 kJ/mol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester -266.64 kJ/mol and chlorhexidine -362.71 kJ/mol. Conclusion: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the most significant potential as an inhibitor of protein peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase and chlorhexidine has the highest binding affinity than the four propolis compounds, followed by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in propolis in silico.
ABSTRACTIntroduction: One of the procedures used in dentistry to address periodontal disease is periodontal surgery, which can lead to open wounds. Periodontal dressing is a dental material that can ...help with this issue by accelerate the healing of wounds. The aim of the in vitro study was to investigate the potential inhibition of periodontal dressing with the basic formulated from raw propolis Trigona itama bees against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria at various rates. Methods: This in vitro study was true experimental study with Porphyromonas gingivalis cultured in agar plate as sample which sample size was calculated using Federer formula. Periodontal dressing with raw propolis formulations were divided into eight groups of 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 62.5, 60 and 57%, which were then compared with the 100% raw propolis, RESO-PAC™ group, COE-PAK™, and Baer formulations. Antibacterial testing was tested using zone of inhibition test and was calculated by adding up the zone of inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The data results were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test results for the normality test show a significance level of 0.05. It means that the data is commonly distributed. the homogeneity test using Levene's statistics has a significance level of p>0.05. This means the data homogenous distributed. The results of statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA showed a p-value=0.001 (p<0.05), which means that there was a significant difference between the treatment groups. The results showed that pure raw propolis had the highest antibacterial with an inhibition zone diameter of 3.4667 mm after RESO-PAC™, followed by periodontal dressing with raw propolis 85% with an inhibition zone of 2.9167 mm, and periodontal dressing with raw propolis 80% with an inhibition zone of 2.5167 mm. However, at concentrations of 75 to 57%, no bacterial inhibition zone was found. Conclusion: Periodontal dressing with raw propolis formulation 85% had the highest antibacterial activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis after 100% raw propolis and RESO-PAC™.Keywords: Trigona itama, antibacterial assay, periodontal dressing, raw propolisPotensi antibakteri periodontal dressing propolis mentah lebah Trigona itama terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis: Penelitian eksperimental ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Salah satu prosedur yang dapat digunakan untuk merawat penyakit periodontal adalah bedah periodontal yang akan mengakibatkan luka terbuka pada daerah operasi. Periodontal dressing adalah suatu material kedokteran gigi yang dapat membantu dalam proses penyembuhan luka pasca bedah periodontal. Tujuan dari penelitian in vitro ini adalah mengetahui potensi inhibisi periodontal dressing dari formulasi propolis mental lebah Trigona Itama pada Porphyromonas gingivalis dalam beberapa konsentrasi. Metode: Studi ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan sampel penelitian bakteri Porpohyromonas gingivalis yang dikultur pada plat agar dengan perhitungan sampel dilakukan menggunakan rumus Federer. Studi ini membagi periodontal dressing propolis mentah menjadi 8 kelompok: 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 62,5, 60, dan 57% yang dibandingkan dengan propolis mentah 100%, RESO-PAC™, COE-PAK™, dan Baer Formulation. Pengukuran antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan uji zona inhibisi Porphyromonas gingivalis yang dianalisa menggunakan one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Hasil: Hasil uji normalitas dengan menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p>0,05. Hal ini berarti data berdistribusi normal, Hasil uji homogenitas dengan levene’s statistic menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p>0,05, hal ini menunjukan bahwa data homogen. Hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan one way ANOVA menunjukkan p-value=0,001 (p<0,05) yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan propolis mentah memiliki potensi antibakteri paling tinggi dengan diameter zona inhibisi 3.4667 mm setelah RESO-PAC™k, diikuti propolis mentah 85% dengan diameter 2.9167 mm dan propolis mentah 80% dengan diameter 2.5167 mm. Tidak ditemukan zona inhibisi bakteri pada konsentrasi 57% hingga 75%. Simpulan: Periodontal dressing menggunakan konsentrasi 85% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi pada Porphyromonas gingivalis setelah propolis mentah 100% dan RESO-PAC™.Kata Kunci: Trigona itama, pengukuran antibakteri, periodontal dressing, propolis mentah
In a previous study, our group described the gastric protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian green propolis. The main compounds found in Brazilian green propolis include phenolic ...acids, such as: caffeic, ferulic,
p-coumaric and cinnamic acids. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of the main phenolic acids found in Brazilian Green Propolis.
The anti-ulcer assays were performed using the following protocols: nonsteroidal-antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulcer, ethanol-induced ulcer, and stress-induced ulcer. The effects of the phenolic acids on gastric content volume, pH and total acidity, using the pylorus ligated model, were also evaluated.
It was observed that treatment using doses of 50 and 250
mg/kg of caffeic, ferulic,
p-coumaric and cinnamic acids and positive controls (omeprazol or cimetidine) significantly diminished the lesion index, the total area of the lesion and the percentage of lesion in comparison with the negative control groups. In addition, the percentage of ulcer inhibition was significantly higher in the groups treated with the different phenolic acids, cimetidine or omeprazol, in all the protocols used, compared with the negative control groups. In the model to determine gastric secretion, using ligated pylorus, treatment with phenolic acids and cimetidine reduced the volume of gastric juice and total acidity and significantly increased the gastric pH (
p
<
0.05), compared with the control group, with the exception of the group treated with 50
mg/kg of
p-coumaric acid, in which no significant difference was observed, compared with the control. In relation to the acute toxicity, none sign of toxicity was observed when phenolic acids, used in this study, were administered for rats in dose of 2000
mg/kg.
In conclusion, the results of this study show that caffeic, ferulic,
p-coumaric and cinnamic acids display antiulcer activity.
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