A novel dual-message QR code is proposed for carrying two individual messages that can be read by standard QR code readers: one from a close range and the other from a large distance. By exploring ...the module value determining the rule of typical QR code readers, we designed two-state module blocks that can be recognized as different module values through changing the distance from which the QR code is scanned, and applied them to construct the proposed dual-message QR code. Experiments were conducted to test the readability of the two messages within a dual-message QR code, with the results demonstrating the high feasibility of the proposed method. The dual-message QR code can be applied for designing creative applications. For example, an interactive wedding card that can access the growing film of the groom and that of the bride interchangeably, which bring the viewers a higher-quality experience.
QR codes are increasingly used in a plurality of scenarios, and research activities are being successfully carried out to improve this technology and widen its contexts of applicability. After an ...extensive survey of the state of the art on the subject, this work presents the new, promising possibility to embed a programming language in a QR code. This new kind of executable QR codes, we named eQR codes, enable interaction with end users even in the absence of an Internet connection, and provide a sort of Internet of Things paradigm where intelligence is embedded in the object tag in the form of a program. Among all the possible languages that can be embedded, this work focuses on a powerful but compact (in terms of QR code storage occupation) dialect, termed QRtree, which is aimed at implementing decision trees. The eQR code technology makes a new class of applications possible, e.g., providing hints for navigation or instructions for using rescue devices in places with no network coverage like mountains and caves. Smart interactive user manuals are enabled as well. Besides defining the QRtree language and eQR code structure, this article describes all the steps needed to generate eQR codes and to manage their execution in end-user devices. A simple yet realistic example and the related code are also presented, to practically show how this technology can be used to solve real-world problems. For the example, the QRtree version of the code takes 234B, less than one-half the size of an equivalent program in Python bytecode (634B).
Massive-Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (M−MIMO) will have a greater impact in the advanced radio framework. It efficiently increases the capacity, spectral access, and data speed of the ...framework. However, the detection of the signal becomes complicated due to the use of several antennas at the microcell. Separating such a vast range of connected devices is necessary to enable the detection of transmit antennas in response to various available data sources. In the presented work, novel hybrid algorithms such as QR-maximum likelihood detection (QR-MLD), QR-minimum means square error (MMSE), QR-zero forcing equaliser (ZFE), and QR-beam forming (QR-BF) are implemented for 16x16, 64x64, and 256x256 MIMO structures. The hybrid algorithms obtained an efficient bit error rate (BER) of 10-3 at the SNR of 2.9 dB with trivial complexity. Further, the proposed algorithms are compared with conventional methods. It is be noted that the QR-MLD achieves a gain of 3 dB when compared to the MMSE. It is concluded that the QR-MLD provided optimal performance and significantly enhanced the throughput gain of the framework.
Preaching, a practice composed of and accompanied by a myriad of different activities, is an essential element of Muslim religious life both within and beyond mosques. As such, Islamic preaching is a ...common means of religious promulgation and knowledge transfer, of pastoral guidance and uplift, but also of communication between believers, and as a source of negotiating religious normativity, power relations, and societal topics. Given the centrality of preaching in Muslims’ religious life, this collective volume presents contributions on various aspects of performance, text, space, and materiality of Islamic preaching in history and present. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary framework captures Islamic preaching as it unfolds in its social setting. The volume aims at representing the inner-Islamic diversity by depicting the practice of preaching as it came about in different times and geographical locations, shedding light onto Friday gatherings and sermons (ḫutba), and other forms of preaching (e. g. waʿẓ), be it during Ramadan, at religious feasts and commemorations, or on personal occasions such as weddings and funerals. Therefore, each chapter offers a different insight into the interwoven character of sermons’ contents, the preacher him/herself, and the audience by emphasising the role of their bodily performance, of the temporality and spatiality of preaching, and of the objects and items involved. ; Preaching, a practice composed of and accompanied by a myriad of different activities, is an essential element of Muslim religious life both within and beyond mosques. As such, Islamic preaching is a common means of religious promulgation and knowledge transfer, of pastoral guidance and uplift, but also of communication between believers, and as a source of negotiating religious normativity, power relations, and societal topics. Given the centrality of preaching in Muslims’ religious life, this collective volume presents contributions on various aspects of performance, text, space, and materiality of Islamic preaching in history and present. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary framework captures Islamic preaching as it unfolds in its social setting. The volume aims at representing the inner-Islamic diversity by depicting the practice of preaching as it came about in different times and geographical locations, shedding light onto Friday gatherings and sermons (ḫutba), and other forms of preaching (e. g. waʿẓ), be it during Ramadan, at religious feasts and commemorations, or on personal occasions such as weddings and funerals. Therefore, each chapter offers a different insight into the interwoven character of sermons’ contents, the preacher him/herself, and the audience by emphasising the role of their bodily performance, of the temporality and spatiality of preaching, and of the objects and items involved.
Quick response (QR) code-based traceability is considered as a smart solution to know details about the origin of products, from production to transportation and preservation before reaching ...customers. However, the QR code is easily copied and forged. Thus, we propose a new approach to protect this code from tampering. The approach consists of two main phases like hiding a security feature in the QR code, and estimating the similarity between the QR code affixed on the product and the genuine ones. For the former issue, the secret feature is encoded and decoded by using error correcting code for controlling errors in noisy communication channels. Hiding and extracting the encoded information in the QR code are conducted by utilizing a deep neural network in which the proposed network produces a watermarked QR code image with good quality and high tolerance to noises. The network is capable of robustness against real distortions caused by the process of printing and photograph. For the later issue, we develop neural networks based upon the architecture of Siamese network to measure the similarity of QR codes. The secret feature extracted from the obtained QR code and the result of QR code similarity estimation are combined to determine whether a QR code is genuine or fake. The proposed approach gives a competitive performance, with an average accuracy of 98%, and it has been applied to QR code authentication in practice.
Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise 2024 Karl Barths Theologie wird gemeinhin – und zurecht – als Widerspruch gegen die Säkularisierung der Kirche in der Neuzeit gelesen. Inwiefern ...sie zugleich den Versuch darstellt, theologisch adäquat auf die Säkularisierung der die Kirche umgebenden Gesellschaft zu reagieren, hat die bisherige Forschung erst in Ansätzen ausgeleuchtet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie Barth ganz konkret auf das sich vollziehende Ende der ‚christlichen Welt‘ im europäischen Kontext reagiert hat. Sie fragt: Welche ekklesiologischen und sozialethischen Umstellungen ermöglichten es Barth, die partikulare Existenz der Kirche in einem nichtchristlichen Umfeld theologisch zu affirmieren? Und welche Denkmuster prägten seine „Theologie der Welt", d.h. die von ihm vorgeschlagene theologische Bestimmung nichtchristlicher Menschen, des säkularen Staates und der profanen Kultur insgesamt? Dabei wird die These plausibilisiert, dass Barth angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Säkularisierungsprozesse seiner Zeit eine umfassende christologisch-inklusive Theologie der Welt entwickelte, die von Christi Wirken auch in einer säkularen Gesellschaft ausging – und dass diese Welttheologie in Barths Denken zur Ausbildung charakteristischer Stärken und Schwächen geführt hat. ; Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise 2024 Karl Barths Theologie wird gemeinhin – und zurecht – als Widerspruch gegen die Säkularisierung der Kirche in der Neuzeit gelesen. Inwiefern sie zugleich den Versuch darstellt, theologisch adäquat auf die Säkularisierung der die Kirche umgebenden Gesellschaft zu reagieren, hat die bisherige Forschung erst in Ansätzen ausgeleuchtet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie Barth ganz konkret auf das sich vollziehende Ende der ‚christlichen Welt‘ im europäischen Kontext reagiert hat. Sie fragt: Welche ekklesiologischen und sozialethischen Umstellungen ermöglichten es Barth, die partikulare Existenz der Kirche in einem nichtchristlichen Umfeld theologisch zu affirmieren? Und welche Denkmuster prägten seine „Theologie der Welt", d.h. die von ihm vorgeschlagene theologische Bestimmung nichtchristlicher Menschen, des säkularen Staates und der profanen Kultur insgesamt? Dabei wird die These plausibilisiert, dass Barth angesichts der gesellschaftlichen Säkularisierungsprozesse seiner Zeit eine umfassende christologisch-inklusive Theologie der Welt entwickelte, die von Christi Wirken auch in einer säkularen Gesellschaft ausging – und dass diese Welttheologie in Barths Denken zur Ausbildung charakteristischer Stärken und Schwächen geführt hat.
This book explores shared religious practices among Jews, Christians, and Muslims, focusing primarily on the medieval Mediterranean. It examines the meanings members of each community ascribed to the ...presence of the religious other at ""their"" festivals or holy sites during pilgrimage. Communal boundaries were often redefined or dissolved during pilgrimage and religious festivals. Yet, paradoxically, shared practices served to enforce communal boundaries, since many of the religious elite devised polemical interpretations of these phenomena which highlighted the superiority of their own faith. Such interpretations became integral to each group’s theological understanding of self and other to such a degree that in some regions, religious minorities were required to participate in the festivals of the ruling community. In all formulations, “otherness” remained an essential component of both polemic and prayer.
Perkembangan zaman di era globalisasi dan teknologi pada saat ini sangat berdampak pada kehidupan manusia. Banyak sekali lahir inovasi teknologi baru yang semuanya ditujukan untuk membantu dan ...mempermudah aktivitas manusia. Salah satu perkembangan teknologi itu melahirkan alat bantu yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran santri di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingungan dengan membuang sampah pada tempatnya, karena di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid masih ada sebagian santri yang membuang sampah sembarangan meskipum tempat sampah sudah disediakan. dan diperoleh trobosan baru dengan membuat “Prototype Temat Sampah Memakai penutup Otomatis Dengan QR Code di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid”. Dengan adanya alat ini diharapkan mampu mningkatkan kesadaran santri akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan. Pada alat bank sampah ini memanfaatkan QR Code sebagai media pembuka tutup tempat sampah dengan data santri yang terdaftar di database dan mengkalkulasi atau mendata santri yang membuang sampah dengan tanggal dan jam yang valid ketika santri membuang sampah pada tempat sampah tersebut, data santri akan terecord dan tersimpan didalam database dengan menggunakan perangkat mysql (manajemen basis data SQL). Maka dapat disimpulan dari alat yang dibuat yaitu alat yang dirancang dapat bekerja dengan baik dalam menangani proses sistem membuka penutup tempat sampah secara otomatis menggunakan QR Code dengan jarak terdeteksi pada jarak ±4cm sampai dengan ±5cm dan dapat merecord data santri yang membuang sampah sesuai dengan jam dan tanggal, dan tempat sampah secara otomatis akan tertutup dan mengeluarkan suara “trimakasih sudah membuang sampah pada tempatnya.
Abstract
We introduce the two‐sided Rayleigh quotient shift to the QR algorithm for non‐Hermitian matrices to achieve a cubic local convergence rate. For the singly shifted case, the two‐sided ...Rayleigh quotient iteration is incorporated into the QR iteration. A modified version of the method and its truncated version are developed to improve the efficiency. Based on the observation that the Francis double‐shift QR iteration is related to a 2D Grassmann–Rayleigh quotient iteration, A doubly shifted QR algorithm with the two‐sided 2D Grassmann–Rayleigh quotient double‐shift is proposed. A modified version of the method and its truncated version are also developed. Numerical examples are presented to show the convergence behavior of the proposed algorithms. Numerical examples also show that the truncated versions of the modified methods outperform their counterparts including the standard Rayleigh quotient single‐shift and the Francis double‐shift.
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