Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising therapy for cancer. We previously established a recombinant measles virus (rMV‐SLAMblind) that targets NECTIN4‐expressing cancer cells and demonstrated its ...antitumor effects using a xenograft model in an immunodeficient mouse. In the current study, to investigate the immune response after rMV‐SLAMblind therapy, we developed an immunocompetent cancer mouse model by introducing the NECTIN4 gene into mouse cancer cell lines. NECTIN4‐expressing mouse cancer cells were successfully killed by rMV‐SLAMblind in vitro. After transplantation of the NECTIN4‐expressing tumor cells, rMV‐SLAMblind significantly suppressed tumor growth in immunocompetent mice. Thus, this immunocompetent mouse cancer model could be a powerful tool in which to study the effect of rMV‐SLAMblind therapy on the immune response. Using this model we found that rMV‐SLAMblind elicited significant activation of natural killer cells, type 1 helper T cells and the tumor‐specific CD8+ T‐cell response in the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell depletion study revealed that CD8+ cells particularly played significant roles in the therapeutic efficacy of rMV‐SLAMblind. Thus, rMV‐SLAMblind exerts a therapeutic effect, not only directly by tumor cell killing, but also indirectly by efficient induction of antitumor immunity.
We generated an immunocompetent mouse model to study our oncolytic virus, designated as rMV‐SLAMblind. We evaluated the induction of immune responses after rMV‐SLAMblind cancer therapy with this model.
•This study performed an in-depth investigation on asphalt intelligent compaction.•Three key factors for the asphalt base layer compaction were investigated.•Compaction curves corresponding to ...temperature were suggested to enhance the asphalt compaction.
As an innovative technology, intelligent compaction (IC) needs an in-depth investigation to improve its applicability for asphalt compaction. For the same asphalt base layer compaction, the potential for utilizing Compaction Meter Value (CMV) to evaluate the asphalt compaction varies based on different underlying support. In this study, the key factors of IC technology for asphalt compaction including underlying support, asphalt temperature, and roller parameters were investigated based on two asphalt base layer projects conducted in the United States and China. It was found that different underlying supports can affect the sensitivity of CMV with respect to the asphalt modulus. For the project with an untreated aggregate base layer, the lack of relevance between CMV and asphalt temperature (R2 = 0.0) proves that the CMV in this case mainly reflects the stiffness of the underlying support. However, the relevance between CMV and asphalt temperature is significant (R2 = 0.35 ∼ 0.72) for the project with a cement stabilized aggregate base layer, reflecting that CMV is sensitive to the change of asphalt modulus. Changes of roller parameters can also affect the correlation between CMV and asphalt modulus. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that establishing a series of detailed compaction curves corresponding to temperature could be the key to enhance the IC asphalt compaction.
•A novel mechanical vapor compression evaporation system driven by Roots steam compressor is proposed and built.•Mathematical models of the mechanical vapor compression evaporation system are ...optimized and verified based on the experiments.•Exergy analysis is adopted to identify the key components with the biggest exergy destruction and exergy efficiency.•Return of investment is considered as the conditional criterion whether to adopt mechanical vapor compression evaporation system.
Roots steam compressor has unique advantages in the mechanical vapor compression (MVC) evaporation system due to its lower cost and convenient operation compared with the centrifugal or screw steam compressor. A novel MVC evaporation system driven by Roots steam compressor was proposed and experimentally studied with using the water medium, which can save energy by 79.55–89.36% and operation cost by 61.70–81.41% compared with the traditional single effect (SE) evaporation system. Exergy analysis showed that Roots steam compressor had the greatest exergy destruction (142.92–296.84 kJ kg−1) and the lowest exergy efficiency (4.46–9.85%). Models of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC), coefficient of performance (COP), specific water evaporation (SWE) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were developed based on the experiments to predict the thermo-economic performance and obtain the optimal process parameters, such as the evaporating temperature (90–105 °C), the evaporating pressure (70–130 kPa), heat transfer temperature difference (9–12 °C) and compression pressure difference (28–40 kPa). It will be optimized and improved by mastering the thermo-economic performance of MVC evaporation system driven by Roots steam compressor.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs frequently in patients with mitral valve disease. Results of cryoablation concomitant with either minimally invasive video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve ...surgery (MIMVS) or with robotic-assisted (RMV) mitral valve surgery have previously been separately reported. However, there are up-to-date no studies comparing the two procedures in terms of safety, efficacy, and mid-term follow-up.
Between January 2017 and March 2022, 294 patients underwent MIMVS, and 187 patients underwent RMV at our institution. After 1:1 propensity score matching using 22 preoperative variables, the study included 104 patients. Group 1 (MIMVS) included 52 patients operated on between 2017-2022 using a minimally invasive video-assisted right-sided mini-thoracotomy. Group 2 (RMV) included 52 patients operated on between 2019-2021 using a robotic-assisted approach. Early and mid-term outcomes were assessed, including maintenance of sinus rhythm. Follow-up was 100% complete at a median follow-up of 2 years.
For the entire propensity matched cohort, the median EuroSCORE II was 3.14 interquartile range (IQR), 1.93-4.99, the median age was 68 (IQR, 61-74) years, and two thirds of the patients were male. Most (72.1%) underwent mitral valve surgery, and 26.9% had an additional tricuspid procedure. Only four patients underwent mitral valve replacement (3.8%). The majority (87.5%) received a left-sided atrial Maze and 12.5% a bi-atrial Maze. The left atrial appendage was occluded in 72.1% cases. Overall, there were no significant differences between the two propensity matched groups in baseline demographics or intra-operative characteristics. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the post-operative short and mid-term outcomes between the two groups. There were no in-hospital or 30-day deaths. At the mid-term survival was similar between groups, log-rank test P=0.056. Maintenance of sinus rhythm at follow-up was 76%.
Mitral or double valve repair with concomitant cryoablation can be safely performed with either a MIMVS or RMV approach. Both methods demonstrated outstanding early and mid-term outcomes.
•The compactability of HMA was evaluated utilizing asphalt vibratory compactor.•Intelligent Compaction measurements were employed for HMA lab evaluation.•The lab vibratory compaction of HMA can be ...classified into three stages.•HMA air voids and stiffness parameters have linear relationships.
Compaction is a crucial topic for asphalt mixture in that the success of mix design greatly depends on the compaction method being used, and the asphalt pavement achieves the required density also through sufficient compaction efforts in the field. Therefore, understanding the compaction characteristics of asphalt mixture is necessary. In this study, the compactability of asphalt mixture was evaluated utilizing lab asphalt vibratory compactor and three types of mixtures, and an accelerometer was utilized to monitor the vibration properties of vibrator-mixture system. Stiffness measurement values derived from Intelligent Compaction were employed to characterize and identify the compaction stages of asphalt mixture. Results indicated that the vibratory compaction of asphalt mixture can be classified into three stages for all the mixtures, and stiffness parameters can differentiate the compactability of asphalt mixtures. Linear relationships were found between air voids and stiffness parameters with most R square values greater than 0.5 for three mixtures. The influences of compaction temperature (120°C vs. 140°C) and underlying layer on the compactability of asphalt mixture were further discussed.
Maize lethal necrosis is caused by a synergistic co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a specific member of the Potyviridae, such as Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak ...mosaic virus (WSMV) or Johnson grass mosaic virus (JGMV). Typical maize lethal necrosis symptoms include severe yellowing and leaf drying from the edges. In Kenya, we detected plants showing typical and atypical symptoms. Both groups of plants often tested negative for SCMV by ELISA.
We used next-generation sequencing to identify viruses associated to maize lethal necrosis in Kenya through a metagenomics analysis. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from maize and sorghum representing sixteen counties.
Complete and partial genomes were assembled for MCMV, SCMV, Maize streak virus (MSV) and Maize yellow dwarf virus-RMV (MYDV-RMV). These four viruses (MCMV, SCMV, MSV and MYDV-RMV) were found together in 30 of 68 samples. A geographic analysis showed that these viruses are widely distributed in Kenya. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences showed that MCMV, MYDV-RMV and MSV are similar to isolates from East Africa and other parts of the world. Single nucleotide polymorphism, nucleotide and polyprotein sequence alignments identified three genetically distinct groups of SCMV in Kenya. Variation mapped to sequences at the border of NIb and the coat protein. Partial genome sequences were obtained for other four potyviruses and one polerovirus.
Our results uncover the complexity of the maize lethal necrosis epidemic in Kenya. MCMV, SCMV, MSV and MYDV-RMV are widely distributed and infect both maize and sorghum. SCMV population in Kenya is diverse and consists of numerous strains that are genetically different to isolates from other parts of the world. Several potyviruses, and possibly poleroviruses, are also involved.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In cold regions, the pore space’s composition and phase state can affect the elastic modulus of the media. During the winter, the freezing conditions in the soil results in the release of water from ...the pore space, which results in significant changes in the media’s distribution and composition. There are a few weaknesses in the current research with respect to the elastic modulus change example of frozen soil. This paper presents that the Representative Macroscopic Volume (RMV) choice strategy is provided for frozen soil with porosity as a typical condition variable. Under the state of freezing, a “three-box” analytical model for stress-strain calculation of frozen soil porous media is established, namely, the black-box model, the gray-box model, and the white-box model. The relevant equations for calculating elastic modulus are presented based on the proposed “three-box” model and the analysis of the stress conduction process. Results show that the discrepancy between the computed and experimental values of the white-box model is slight, and the elastic modulus of frozen soil calculated by the model established in this paper is consistent with the actual state. It can be deduced that the model established in this paper has practicality and the conclusions of the study are of guiding significance for the application of frozen soil.
Live-attenuated strain of measles virus (MV) has oncolytic effect. In this study, the antitumor effect of rMV-Hu191, a recombinant Chinese Hu191 MV generated in our laboratory by efficient reverse ...genetics system, was evaluated in gastric cancer (GC). From our data, rMV-Hu191 induced cytopathic effects and inhibited tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. In mice bearing GC xenografts, tumor size was reduced and survival was prolonged significantly after intratumoral injections of rMV-Hu191. Furthermore, lipid rafts, a type of membrane microdomain with specific lipid compositions, played an important role in facilitating entry of rMV-Hu191. Integrity of lipid rafts was required for successful viral infection as well as subsequent cell apoptosis, but was not required for viral binding and replication. CD46, a MV membrane receptor, was found to be partially localized in lipid rafts microdomains. This is the first study to demonstrate that Chinese Hu191 MV vaccine strain could be used as a potentially effective therapeutic agent in GC treatment. As part of the underlying cellular mechanism, the integrity of lipid rafts is required for viral entry and to exercise the oncolytic effect.
•rMV-Hu191 induced cytopathic effects and inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro.•rMV-Hu191 suppressed tumors growth and prolonged survival in vivo.•rMV-Hu191 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.•Lipid rafts mediated rMV-Hu191 entry, but not for virus binding and replication.•Lipid rafts is required for induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis.
The genus Tobamovirus (Virgaviridae) comprises 33 accepted species with the recent addition of eight new viruses and is divided in to three subgroups based on the origin of assembly of the virion and ...host range. Within the subgroup 1 tobamoviruses the orchid-associated tobamovirus was hypothesized to be a chimeric derivative of recombinations between genome fragments from subgroup 3 and 1. Recombination events involving RdRp, movement and coat protein genes are recorded within subgroup 1 and 2. However natural recombinations have not previously been reported between subgroup 3 tobamoviruses.
The organization and phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome and the different ORFs placed the new isolate within the Ribgrass mosaic virus clade of subgroup 3 tobamoviruses. Recombination detection analyses indicated that the isolate was a chimeric genome with fragments of high similarity to Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) strains NZ-439 (HQ667978) and Actinidia-AC (GQ401365.1) infecting herbaceous Plantago sp. and woody Actinidia spp., respectively. The recombinant differed across the whole genome by 3-8 % from other published RMV genomes.
In this investigation we report an intra-specific recombination between RMV strains NZ-439 (HQ667978) and Actinidia-AC (GQ401365.1), in the replicase component between viral-methyltransferase and viral-helicase regions, resulting in a novel RMV strain FSHS (JQ319720.1) that represents the first described natural recombinant within the RMV cluster of subgroup 3 tobamoviruses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sagittal split ramus osteotomy is an established procedure used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Major bleeding is representative intraoperative complication involves vessels such as the inferior ...alveolar, facial, and maxillary arteries and accompanying veins, in particular the retromandibular vein (RMV). We previously described the RMV course patterns using embalmed cadavers. However, owing to the possible influence of formalin fixation and unclear skeletal classification of the jaws, the present study aimed to use contrast-enhanced computed tomography to confirm the RMV in patients with defined jaw deformities.
Twenty patients with orthognathic jaw deformities (40 sides) were included. The RMV and the lateral and posterior views of the mandible were evaluated using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Course patterns and RMV positions were classified as previously reported.
Three patterns were identified in the lateral view. Type A: RMV posterior to the posterior border of the ramus (n=25; 62.5%). Type B: adjoining the posterior border of the ramus (n=12; 30.0%). Type C: anterior to the posterior border of the ramus (n=3; 7.5%). Five course patterns were identified in the posterior view. Pattern I: rectilinear course running medial to the posterior border of the ramus (n=3; 7.5%). Pattern II: diagonal course running medially from immediately posterior to posterior border of the ramus (n=11; 27.5%). Pattern III: rectilinear course running immediately posterior to the posterior border of the ramus (n=12; 30.0%). Pattern IV: diagonal course running from lateral to medial relative to the posterior border of the ramus (n=8; 20.0%). Pattern V: diagonal course running from lateral to immediately posterior relative to the posterior border of the ramus (n=6; 15.0%). In the no-course pattern group, the RMV inferior to the lingula was lateral to its position and superior to that of the lingula. In half of the cases, the left and right sides exhibited different running patterns. We observed no correlation between the skeletal patterns of jaw deformities and the course of the RMV.
Type B/Pattern II that runs in a straight line bordering the posterior margin of the ramus requires the most attention during surgery. These findings suggest the possibility of predicting intraoperative bleeding risk.
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