•A rapid method for fitting RPT model is proposed which allows direct modeling of the RPT by fitting formula.•Numerical validation indicates that the fitted RPT method achieves high accuracy for ...typical plate element dispersed particle fuel problems.•Three important geometric parameters are identified in relation to the RPT model by a quantitative method.
The reactivity-equivalent physical transformation method transforms the double heterogeneity problem into the traditional single heterogeneity problem, which has the advantages of simplicity and efficiency. However, the current reactivity-equivalent physical transformation methods mainly focus on rod-type fuel elements rather than plate-type elements. Therefore, an optimization research is conducted for the reactivity-equivalent physical transformation method applicable to fuel plates containing dispersed particles in this paper. First, this method is obtained by identifying three important geometrical parameters and fitting equivalent side lengths quickly. Next, the single plate-type fuel is build by OpenMC to verify the physical characteristics which about steady-state verification, depletion verification, temperature coefficient, key nuclide density, fission rate verification and neutron spectrum verification. Finally, the numerical validation indicates that the fitted reactivity-equivalent physical transformation method achieves high accuracy for typical plate element dispersed particle fuel problems.
•The sensitivity of FCM parameters to the equivalent radius of the RPT model is evaluated by a quantitative method.•Six important FCM parameters are identified for RPT model.•A rapid fitting RPT ...method is proposed to directly construct the RPT model without searching the equivalent radius.
The sensitivity of FCM parameters to the equivalent radius of the RPT model is evaluated by a quantitative method, and six important FCM parameters are identified. Then the relationship between the six parameters and the equivalent radius of the RPT model is analyzed. Finally, a rapid fitting RPT method is proposed. The new method can directly establish the RPT model by a fitting formula without relying on the results of the Monte Carlo high-fidelity model. The numerical results show that the fitting RPT method achieves high precision in most test cases, which demonstrates practicability for the lattice physics calculation of FCM fuel using conventional PWR lattice physics codes.
In this study, a NURBS formulation based on the four-variable refined plate theory (RPT) for free vibration, buckling and static bending analyses of multilayer functionally graded graphene platelets ...reinforced composite (FG GPLRC) plates, for the first time, is proposed. The distributions of graphene platelets (GPLs) in the polymer matrix either uniformly or non-uniformly including different patterns are considered. The Young’s modulus of the nanocomposites is predicted by the modified Halpin–Tsai model, while the Poisson’s ratio and density mass are implemented by the rule of mixtures. Governing equations are derived and the NURBS formulation is employed to obtain natural frequencies, critical buckling loads and deflections of multilayer FG GPLRC plates. Thanks to continuous higher-order derivatives of NURBS basis functions in isogeometric analysis (IGA), the present approximation is easy to satisfy the C1-continuty requirement of the RPT model. In addition, a rotation-free technique is applied to eliminate the bending and shear slopes in the case of clamped boundaries. Effects played by GPLs weight fraction, GPLs distribution patterns, number of layers, thickness-to-length ratio are investigated. Numerical results indicate that the inclusion of GPLs can significantly improve the stiffness of plates.
•Consciousness has become a vibrant topic of neuroscience.•In Causal Structure Theories (CSTs), consciousness depends on how elements interact.•For example, IIT and RPT are Causal Structure ...Theories.•In IIT and RPT, recurrent systems are conscious, but feedforward systems are not.•We propose the unfolding argument showing that CSTs are either false or unscientific.
How can we explain consciousness? This question has become a vibrant topic of neuroscience research in recent decades. A large body of empirical results has been accumulated, and many theories have been proposed. Certain theories suggest that consciousness should be explained in terms of brain functions, such as accessing information in a global workspace, applying higher order to lower order representations, or predictive coding. These functions could be realized by a variety of patterns of brain connectivity. Other theories, such as Information Integration Theory (IIT) and Recurrent Processing Theory (RPT), identify causal structure with consciousness. For example, according to these theories, feedforward systems are never conscious, and feedback systems always are. Here, using theorems from the theory of computation, we show that causal structure theories are either false or outside the realm of science.
The analytical solution of dust-ion-acoustic-solitary waves (DIASWs)with the influence of external periodic force are reported in a dusty plasma model which consists of dust-ion collisions. Using ...reduction perturbation technique (RPT) damped modified forced Korteweg-de-Vries-Burger (DMFKdVB)equation in some critical composition is obtained. Various physical parameters i.e. dust ion collision frequency ( id0), the entropic index (q), the velocity of travelling wave (M0) ,the ratio of the densities between electrons and ions ( ), viscosity coefficient ( ), frequency (w) of the external perturbation and the strength(f0) of the perturbation are observed. This study may be helpful to interpret the characteristics of DIASWs in astrophysical rings, interstellar clouds and comet tails.
•Measurement of velocity distributions through RPT showed hitherto unknown flow hydrodynamics in a binary fluidized bed.•Effect of bed composition and particle size on the solids distribution and ...velocity ascertained.•Solids flow pattern, mean and RMS velocity field and solids diffusivity presented.•Significant database for model development for binary gas-solids flow.
Owing to challenges in velocimetry techniques, flow hydrodynamics of binary fluidized beds have remained largely unexplored. Thus, the present study seeks to address unraveling the velocity distributions in the binary fluidized bed of glass beads (0.5 and 2 mm) in fluidized with 10, 30, and 40% of coarser fractions. In order to decipher the velocity distributions, RPT was implemented, which yielded velocity distributions of both the 0.5 and 2 mm fractions. Distinct features of solids flow were observed with varying bed compositions. The mean velocity of finer flotsam (0.5 mm particles) fractions were found to diminish upon increasing the jetsam fraction (2 mm) due to variation in bed voidage. On the contrary, an enhanced coarser fraction of 2 mm particles in the bed diminished solids’ fluctuation, which led to a corresponding reduction in the RMS velocities. Similar trends were also noted when solids’ diffusivity was estimated for various bed compositions. Finally, the efficacy of this technique was independently verified qualitatively through mixing patterns obtained from ‘bed freezing’.
This study investigates the effect of related party transactions (RPTs) on firm value (FV) with moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of an emerging market. For a ...sample of 625 listed firms on the Vietnamese Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019, we do quantitative analysis utilizing the appropriate method for panel data with modification to strengthen the study's robustness. We design a regression model to test the result. According to the findings of the study, RPTs have an effect on corporate value. This is in keeping with the belief that CSR reporting, which represents a company's ethical concerns, might act as a deterrent to opportunism by management. Our study makes recommendations to improve transaction transparency with corporate stakeholders, contributing to the growth of the Vietnamese stock exchange.
The theory and calculations underpinning Repeat Patient Testing‐Quality Control (RPT‐QC) have been presented in prior publications. This paper gives an example of the process used for implementing ...RPT‐QC in a network of veterinary commercial reference laboratories and the stages associated with the transition to the sole use of RPT‐QC. To employ RPT‐QC in this commercial laboratory network, eight stages of implementation were identified: (1) education, (2) data collection, (3) calculations, (4) QC recording and documentation, (5) running RPT‐QC in parallel with a commercially available quality control material (QCM), (6) development of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), (7) development of complementary aspects supporting RPT‐QC, and (8) sole use of RPT‐QC. Advantages of RPT‐QC included cost savings for QCM and External Quality Assessment (EQA) participation and the ability to use commutable specimens with a veterinary matrix at a result level that is of clinical significance for the species. A disadvantage of RPT‐QC using a single level of control was the inability to demonstrate stable performance over a range of results. Future avenues for investigation include ongoing refinement of control limits using a pooled standard deviation of the duplicates (SDdup), Sdup over time, investigation of blood samples from species other than the dog, and manipulation of specimens to produce “low abnormal” or “high abnormal” RPT‐QC specimens.
•A powerful and effective numerical model based on RPT, MCST and NURBS-based IGA is exploited.•Size-dependent effects for smart FG microplates with GPLs reinforcement are thoroughly presented.•Active ...control of static and dynamic responses via sensor and actuator layers is shown.•Structural damping effect of small-structures is taken into account.•The best composite reinforcement performance is explored.
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Application of nano/micro structures has become popular in a wide range of advanced engineering systems in recent years. For a better insight, this paper presents an intensive numerical study on the static and dynamic responses of smart functionally graded microplates with graphene platelets (GPLs) reinforcement under concurrently mechanical and electrical loads. To this end, a powerful and effective numerical model based on refined plate theory (RPT), modified couple stress theory (MCST) and NURBS-based isogeometric analysis (IGA) is introduced to predict the complex behaviors of small-scale structures. Wherein, the MCST containing only one material length scale parameter is utilized to capture the size-dependent effects while the four-variable RPT-based IGA approach is exploited to describe the displacement field. The host microplate can be constituted by four different GPLs dispersions and integrated with two symmetric piezoelectric layers. A closed-loop control procedure based on displacement and velocity feedback gains is employed to actively control the static and dynamic responses of smart small-scale structures, which takes into account the structural damping effect. Several numerical examples are performed to examine the influence of some key parameters such as geometry, material length scale parameter, boundary condition, dynamic load, input electrical voltage as well as weight fraction and distribution of GPLs.
•The traditional RPT method has been studied and verified for its effectiveness and limitations.•An novel method named Ring RPT method for Double-heterogeneous system is developed.•The Ring RPT ...method has wider scope of usage and higher accuracy than traditional RPT method.
Because of the double heterogeneity of dispersed particle-type fuel and burnable poison, the traditional volumetric homogenization method (VHM) on double-heterogeneous (DH) systems will bring unacceptable calculation deviation, and then Reactivity-Equivalent Physical Transformation (RPT) method is introduced to transform the DH systems into single-heterogeneous systems which can be modeled by traditional reactor physical calculation programs. In this paper, it’s pointed out that RPT method becomes invalid for some DH systems with dispersed particle-type burnable poison whose absorption cross section is very large but the absorption cross section of whose depletion child nuclides is very small, and large reactivity deviation will appear during the depletion. After an analysis and extension of the RPT method, a novel RPT method named Ring RPT method is born. Results of depletion calculations for different types of dispersed particle-type fuel and burnable poisons and the comparison with Monte Carlo results of grain models prove the validity of Ring RPT method, preliminary conclusion can be obtained that Ring RPT method has wider scope of usage and higher accuracy than traditional RPT method.
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