Background and Objectives
ABO blood group mismatch between the donor and the recipient can affect the success of the transplant as well as problems with the red blood cells during allogeneic ...haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, the impact of the Rhesus (Rh) D mismatch on transplant outcomes in allogeneic HCT has been poorly elucidated.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the impact of the RhD mismatch on post‐transplant outcomes in 64,923 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2000 and 2021 using a Japanese registry database.
Results
Out of the whole group, 64,293, 322, 270 and 38 HCTs were done when the recipient or donor was RhD‐mismatched with (+/+), (−/+), (+/−) or (−/−) combinations. The difference in RhD between recipient/donor (−/+), (+/−) and (−/−) did not affect haematopoietic recovery, acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), overall survival (OS), non‐relapse mortality (NRM) or relapse when RhD (+/+) was used as the reference group in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Our registry‐based study demonstrated that RhD mismatch between recipient and donor did not significantly impact haematopoietic recovery, GVHD, OS, NRM or relapse after allogeneic HCT. These data suggest that RhD mismatches may not need to be avoided for recipient and donor combinations in allogeneic HCT.
Root exudates can stimulate microbial degradation within the rhizosphere, but their exact roles are embedded within the complicated rhizospheric effects. In the present study, we applied both 12C- ...and 13C-phenanthrene to distinguish the effects of root exudates within ryegrass rhizosphere on phenanthrene degradation via DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). A significant increase of phenanthrene biodegradation efficiency (10.7%) was found in ryegrass rhizosphere compared to bulk soils, but not in soils supplemented with ryegrass root exudates. Results from high-throughput sequencing and computational analyses suggested that treatments with both ryegrass rhizosphere and root exudates markedly increased total bacterial populations and shaped the composition of the active phenanthrene-degrader community. Of all the phenanthrene-degraders belonging to eight bacterial classes revealed by DNA-SIP, only Alphaproteobacteria and Nitrososphaeria were shared between bulk soils, ryegrass rhizosphere and soils supplemented with ryegrass root exudates. Sphingobacteriia and Actinobacteria were active phenanthrene-degraders within both ryegrass rhizosphere and soils supplemented with ryegrass root exudates, whereas others were observed only in bulk soils or soils supplemented with ryegrass root exudates. Most of the degraders were linked to phenanthrene degradation for the first time based on their incorporation of 13C-phenanthrene. In 13C-phenanthrene microcosms, the relative abundance of PAH-RHDα genes and active phenanthrene-degraders was strongly correlated with phenanthrene degradation efficiency. Compared to the rhizosphere, root exudates provided a minor contribution to the abundance of PAH-RHDα gene. This study helps in better understanding the roles of root exudates supplement in the phenanthrene biodegradation process within the rhizosphere and provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms of enhanced phenanthrene degradation via phytoremediation at PAH-contaminated sites.
Display omitted
•First SIP exploration of roles of root exudates and rhizosphere in PAH degradation.•Most of the identified degraders were linked to PHE degradation for the first time.•Strong correlation between the active PHE-degraders and PHE degradation efficiency.•Strong correlation between the active PAH-RHDα gene and PHE degradation efficiency.•Root exudates offer a minor contribution to PAH remediation within the rhizosphere.
DEL (D-elute) red blood cells (RBCs) are typed as D- by routine serological methods, as they carry a very weak form of D variant. Asia type DEL (c.1227 G>A) is the most prevalent DEL allele in East ...Asian populations that can lead to alloimmunization in D negative transfusion recipients. This study aimed to screen D+ and D- Thai blood donors for the Asia type DEL and its zygosity.
Blood samples of 723 D+ , and 191 D- Thai blood donors were collected. D antigen was typed by the routine serological method and adsorption-elution test to screen DEL phenotype. The hybrid Rhesus box, RHD 1227 G, RHD 1227 A and RHD exon 4 were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primers, PCR-SSP.
Among 191 D- blood donors, 52 (27.2%) RHD 1227 A allele carriers were detected, and 39 out of these 52 (75.0%) were positive for the hybrid Rhesus box (i.e. hemizygous RHD 1227 A). The remaining carriers were RHD 1227 A homozygous. RHD zygosity analysis in Thai D+ blood donors showed that only 4% (29/723) had a Dd genotype (hemizygous RHD 1227 G). Five (0.69%) blood donors were detected with RHD 1227 A alleles among 723 D+ blood donors. They were all G/A heterozygous at the RHD 1227 site.
This study indicates that the high prevalence of RHD 1227 A allele among serologically apparent D- blood donors in Thais. Furthermore, the screening of hybrid Rhesus box, RHD 1227 A combined with RHD exon 4 is useful for analyses of Asia type DEL and its zygosity.
Background and Objectives
The advent of intrauterine transfusion (IUT) has improved the survival of severe foetal anaemia. The aim of this study was to compare the perinatal outcomes of red blood ...cell (RBC)–alloimmunized pregnancies with anti‐RhD in combination and anti‐RhD alone in China.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective study was conducted involving RBC–alloimmunized pregnancies with anti‐RhD in combination and anti‐RhD alone admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University, between January 2007 and December 2019. Obstetric data and neonatal outcomes were compared.
Results
A total of 165 alloimmunized pregnancies were identified, with 32 pregnancies in the anti‐RhD‐in‐combination group (25 pregnancies with anti‐RhD + anti‐RhC and 7 pregnancies with anti‐RhD + anti‐RhE) and 133 pregnancies in the anti‐RhD‐alone group. The anti‐RhD‐in‐combination group had significantly higher frequency of IUTs than the anti‐RhD‐alone group (59.4% 19/32 vs. 30.1% 40/133; p < 0.01). The postnatal frequency of top‐up transfusions was significantly higher in the anti‐RhD in combination group than the anti‐RhD‐alone group (90.6% 29/32 vs. 70.7% 94/133; p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the frequency of exchange transfusions (ETs) between the two groups (15.6% 5/32 vs. 17.3% 23/133; p = 0.82).
Conclusions
Compared to alloimmunized pregnancies with anti‐RhD alone, pregnancies with anti‐RhD in combination with anti‐RhC or anti‐RhE have an increased requirement for antenatal IUTs and postnatal top‐up transfusions but do not have an increased need for ETs.
Background
The molecular basis of the D variant phenotype in the Chinese differs greatly from that of the Caucasian. Adapting a specific D typing strategy to the spectrum of prevalent RHD variant ...alleles is necessary.
Study Design and Methods
Blood samples with ambiguous D phenotypes were collected in the Southern Chinese population. A special three‐step typing strategy was applied. First, the common DVI type 3 was identified from epitope profiles of D antigen. Then, another common weak D type 15 (RHD*845A) was identified by epitope profiles of D antigen and Sanger sequencing of RHD exon 6. Finally, the remaining D variants were genotyped mainly by Sanger sequencing. For the novel RHD alleles in the coding region and exon–intron junction, in vitro transfection and minigene splicing assays were performed, respectively. The anti‐D investigation was performed.
Results
DVI type 3 (65/253, 25.7%) and weak D type 15 (62/253, 24.5%) were common Chinese D variants, and RHD*960A, DFR, RHD*weak D type 25, 72, and 136 were frequent variant RHD alleles. Besides, twenty‐two sporadic and seven novel RHD alleles (RHD*188A; RHD*688C; RHD*782 T; RHD*1181C; RHD*165 T, 993A; RHD*148 + 3G > T and RHD*1227 + 5G > C) were identified. The deleterious effect of the novel RHD alleles on D antigen or mRNA expression was confirmed. Anti‐D was detected in two DVI type 3 pregnant women.
Discussion
The three‐step typing strategy provides an effective approach for Chinese D variant typing. It can be anticipated that commercially available RHD genotyping kits have limitations for testing Chinese D variants, as some of the frequent variants are not interrogated.
The D antigen is a subset of Rh blood group antigens involved in the hemolytic disease of the newborn HDFN and hemolytic transfusion reaction HTR. The hybrid Rhesus box that was created after RH gene ...deletion, was known as a mechanism of the Rh-negative phenotype. Hybrid marker identification is used to confirm the deletion of the RHD gene and to determine zygosity. This study aims to detect this marker in Rh-negative and weak D phenotype blood donors of the southeast of Iran.
The molecular analysis of the hybrid Rhesus box was performed on the 200 Rh-negative blood donors in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeast Iran. The presence of alleles responsible for the D variants was assessed by DNA sequencing in 26 weak D phenotype donors.
Of the 200 Rh-negative blood samples, 198 samples were homozygous (99%), and two samples were heterozygous (1%). Heterozygous samples had RHD*01N.73 allele and the RHD*01N.18 allele. Of the 26 samples with weak D phenotype, 16 partial DLO (61%), 4 partial DBT1 (15.3%), 2 partial DV type 2 (7.7%), 1 weak D type 1, 1 weak D type 4.2.3, 1weak D type 105 and 1 RHD (S103P) (4%) were determined.
Since RHD gene deletion is the main mechanism of the Rh-negativity in Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, a hybrid Rhesus box marker can be used in resolving RhD typing discrepancies by RHD genotyping methods.
A bacterial community was enriched with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) polluted soil to better study PAH degradation by indigenous soil bacteria. The consortium degraded more than 52% of low ...molecular weight and 35% of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs during 16 days in a soil leachate medium. 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses for alpha subunit genes of ring-hydroxylating-dioxygenase (RHDα) suggested that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at the phylum level, Pseudomonas, Methylobacillus, Nocardioides, Methylophilaceae, Achromobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Caulobacter at the generic level were involved in PAH degradation and might have the ability to carry RHDα genes (nidA and nahAc). The community was selected and collected according to biomass and RHDα gene contents, and added back to the PAH-polluted soil. The 16 EPA priority PAHs decreased from 95.23 to 23.41 mg kg−1 over 35 days. Compared with soil without the introduction of this bacterial community, adding the community with RHDα genes significantly decreased soil PAH contents, particularly HMW PAHs. The metabolic rate of PAHs in soil was positively correlated with nidA and nahAc gene contents. These results indicate that adding an indigenous bacterial consortium containing RHDα genes to contaminated soil may be a feasible and environmentally friendly method to clean up PAHs in agricultural soil.
Display omitted
•52.0% LMW and 35.4% HMW PAHs were degraded during enrichment and domestication process.•Abundance of nidA, nahAc and phe genes were 6,083, 117,746, and 2.40 × 107 copies/mL, respectively.•High biodegradation rate of PAHs was observed in soil with a native bacterial consortium.•PAH degradation in soil was due to increased bacteria and RHDα subunits, especially nidA and nahAc.
A bacterial community enriched from PAH-polluted soil with high contents of RHDα was suitable for soil bioremediation, without introducing foreign bacteria or chemicals.
National guidance conflicts regarding the use of RhD immune globulin administration <12w. Recent Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM) guidelines suggest liberal use of this product while other ...guidelines, including Society of Family Planning and the World Health Organization, propose a more conservative approach. Medicine is not practiced in a vacuum, and potential harms must include not only individual but communal and public health effects. We aim to critically examine the practical implications of the new SMFM guidelines with a focus on equity and access.
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have repeated episodes of red blood cell (RBC) sickling and microvascular occlusion that manifest as pain crises, acute chest syndrome, and chronic hemolysis. ...These clinical sequelae usually increase during pregnancy. Given the racial distribution of SCD, patients with SCD are also more likely to have rarer RBC antigen genotypes than RBC donor populations. We present the management and clinical outcome of a 21-year-old pregnant woman with SCD and an
*
(RhDS103P, G-negative) variant.
Ms. S is B positive with a reported history of anti-D, anti-C, and anti-E alloantibodies (anti-G testing unknown). Genetic testing revealed both an
*
and homozygous partial
*
genotype. Absorption/elution testing confirmed the presence of anti-G, anti-C, and anti-E alloantibodies but could not definitively determine the presence/absence of an anti-D alloantibody. Ms. S desired to undergo elective pregnancy termination and the need for postprocedural RhD immunoglobulin (RhIG) was posed. Given that only the G antigen site is changed in an
*
genotype and the potential risk of RhIG triggering a hyperhemolytic episode in an SCD patient, RhIG was not administered. There were no procedural complications. Follow-up testing at 10 weeks showed no increase in RBC alloantibody strength.
Ms. S represents a rare
*
and partial
*
genotype which did not further alloimmunize in the absence of RhIG administration. Her case also highlights the importance of routine anti-G alloantibody testing in women of childbearing age with apparent anti-D and anti-C alloantibodies.
A possible novel DBS-0 like allele Allawati, Mujtaba; Balushi, Badria
Global journal of transfusion medicine,
01/2022, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
RHD variants are divided into three categories; weak D, partial D, and Del. The variants detection is important during donor testing and pregnancy. Studies shown that the detection of D variants may ...be missed by standard serologic methods including Indirect Antihuman Globulin Test and may cause anti-D immunization when exposed to D-negative individual. The limitations of serology can be overcome by RHD gene molecular typing. We describe for the first time a possible novel DBS-0 like allele partial D which revealed serological D and E negative in an Omani donor that is different from the previously described DBS-0 with serological positive D and partial E.
PDF
