Die Bände dieser von Rainer Schützeichel (Universität Bielefeld) herausgegebenen Reihe befassen sich interdisziplinär mit aktuellen gesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Problemlagen. Aufgrund ...ihres modularen Aufbaus eignen sie sich nicht nur als grundlegende und umfassende wissenschaftliche Einführungen, sondern auch als Lehrbücher in der universitären Lehre.
The current approach to regulating mechanical properties of elastomeric materials is predominately based on the exploratory mixing of different polymers, solvents, and fillerswhich is both ...inflexible in application and imprecise in property control. Here we overview a new materials design approach that harnesses well-defined molecular codes of independently controlled architectural parameters to program grand variation of mechanical “phenotypes”. This design-by-architecture approach generates a set of universal correlations between the molecular architecture and the physical behavior of elastomers. In turn, this will lead to novel solvent-free materials that closely mimic the mechanical behavior of biological tissues, ranging from soft fat tissue to firm skin, and fundamentally change high-impact technologies such as soft robotics, wearable electronics, and biomedical devices.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, eğitimde robotik uygulamaların kullanımına yönelik yapılan çalışmaları farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında 142 çalışma incelenmiş olup verilerin ...toplanmasında doküman incelemesi, analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca elde edilen verileri tamamlamak amaçlı meta-tematik analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları yapılan çalışmaların genellikle ortaokul kademesinde, makale yayın türünde, Bilişim Teknolojileri alanında ve orta örneklem üzerinden gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ilgili yayınlarda 2013 yılından bu yana istikrarlı bir artış olduğu, nicel ve karma araştırma yöntemlerinin tercih edildiği, uygulama süresinin 5-8 hafta sürecinde yoğunlaştığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer yandan eğitimde robotik uygulamaları kullanımının motivasyon, tutum, üst düzey düşünme ve akademik başarıya olumlu etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Devre kurmakta zorlanma, bağlantı problemleri, maliyetli olması, bilişsel yorgunluk eğitsel robotik uygulamaların bazı sınırlılıkları olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Biodegradable and biocompatible elastic materials for soft robotics, tissue engineering or stretchable electronics with good mechanical properties, tunability, modifiability or healing properties ...drive technological advance, and yet they are not durable under ambient conditions and do not combine all the attributes in a single platform. We have developed a versatile gelatin-based biogel, which is highly resilient with outstanding elastic characteristics, yet degrades fully when disposed. It self-adheres, is rapidly healable and derived entirely from natural and food-safe constituents. We merge all the favourable attributes in one material that is easy to reproduce and scalable, and has a low-cost production under ambient conditions. This biogel is a step towards durable, life-like soft robotic and electronic systems that are sustainable and closely mimic their natural antetypes.
Intelligent skinlike materials have recently attracted tremendous research interests for employing in electronic skin, soft robotics, and wearable devices. Because the traditional soft matters are ...restricted in unsatisfactory mechanical performances or short-term usage, these materials are adverse to practical applications. Here, intriguing conductive hydrogel materials with multifunctionality (MFHs) are fabricated by using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), dopamine-functionalized hyaluronic acid (DHA), and Fe3+ as ionic cross-linker. The mussel-inspired networks with delicate combination of physical and chemical cross-linking possess synergistic features of inherent viscoelasticity, high stretchability (800%), and durable self-adhesiveness to various substrates. Owing to the abundant hydrogen bonds and multiple metal coordination interactions between Fe3+, catechol, and carboxylic groups, the matrix reveals repeatable thermoplasticity and autonomous self-healing property both mechanically and electrically (98% recovery in 2 s). When served as strain sensors, the MFHs can distinctly perceive complex body motions from tiny physiological signal (breathing) to large movements (knee bending) as human motion detecting devices. Moreover, the MFHs were explored as ideal material for circuit repairing, programming, and switches constructing because of their excellent properties. Consequently, these eco-friendly hydrogel ionotronic devices can be promising candidates for next-generation intelligent wearable devices and human–machine interfaces.
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•A self-healing hydrogel is developed based on an interpenetrating polymer network strategy.•Chemically/ionically cross-linked Fe3+/PAA and physically cross-linked PVA organize the ...IPN.•The hydrogel satisfies the three capabilities of robustness, self-healing, and conductivity.•The multimodal sensing capabilities for strain, pressure, and temperature are determined.•A dual sensor attached to a finger simultaneously detects folding/pressure-motions.
Conductive self-healing polymer hydrogel and related soft sensor devices are receiving considerable attention from academia to industry because of their impacts on the lifetime and ergonomic design of soft robotics, prosthesis, and health monitoring systems. However, the development of such a material has thus far been limited considering performances and accessibility. Herein, robustness, self-healing, and conductivity for soft electronic skin are realized by an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) system based on chemical/ionic cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) containing ferric ions, intercalated with physically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol). This IPN hydrogel successfully satisfies all three aforementioned capabilities; elongation at break greater than 1400%; recovery to original mechanical properties greater than 80% after 24 h; and 0.14 S m−1 of ionic conductivity, which is electrically healable. Such ionic conductivity of hydrogels enables multimodal sensing capabilities, i.e., for strain, pressure, and temperature. Particularly, a uniquely designed dual sensor attached to a finger simultaneously detects mechanical folding and pressure changes independently and can undergo large deformation 1000 times repeated and heating up to 90 °C.
Multicolor fluorescent polymeric hydrogels (MFPHs) are three‐dimensionally crosslinked hydrophilic polymer networks with tunable emission color. Different from the classic fluorescent materials that ...are used primarily in dry solid states or solutions, MFPHs exist as highly water‐swollen quasi‐solids. They thus present many promising properties of both solids and solution, including tissue‐like mechanical properties, an intrinsic soft and wet nature, fabulous biocompatibility, along with a responsive volume, shape, and fluorescence color change. These advantageous properties hold great potential in many applications such as sensing, bioimaging, information encoding, encryption, biomimetic actuators, and soft robotics. This Review gives an in‐depth overview of recent progress in the field of MFPHs, with a particular focus on the diverse construction methods and important demonstrated applications. Current challenges and future perspectives on MFPHs are also discussed.
Multicolor fluorescent polymeric hydrogels (MFPHs), rising stars of luminescent materials, are the marriage of multicolor fluorescent materials and polymeric hydrogels. They have many extraordinary properties, such as a tissue‐like modulus, an intrinsic soft and wet nature, and fluorescence color change. In this Review, recent progress in MFPHs is summarized, with a particular focus on the construction methods and important applications.
Stretchable electronics find widespread uses in a variety of applications such as wearable electronics, on-skin electronics, soft robotics and bioelectronics. Stretchable electronic devices ...conventionally built with elastomeric thin films show a lack of permeability, which not only impedes wearing comfort and creates skin inflammation over long-term wearing but also limits the design form factors of device integration in the vertical direction. Here, we report a stretchable conductor that is fabricated by simply coating or printing liquid metal onto an electrospun elastomeric fibre mat. We call this stretchable conductor a liquid-metal fibre mat. Liquid metal hanging among the elastomeric fibres self-organizes into a laterally mesh-like and vertically buckled structure, which offers simultaneously high permeability, stretchability, conductivity and electrical stability. Furthermore, the liquid-metal fibre mat shows good biocompatibility and smart adaptiveness to omnidirectional stretching over 1,800% strain. We demonstrate the use of a liquid-metal fibre mat as a building block to realize highly permeable, multifunctional monolithic stretchable electronics.
Objective
This meta-analysis reviews robot design features of interface, controller, and appearance and statistically summarizes their effect on successful human–robot interaction (HRI) at work (that ...is, task performance, cooperation, satisfaction, acceptance, trust, mental workload, and situation awareness).
Background
Robots are becoming an integral part of many workplaces. As interactions with employees increase, ensuring success becomes ever more vital. Even though many studies investigated robot design features, an overview on general and specific effects is missing.
Method
Systematic selection of literature and structured coding led to 81 included experimental studies containing 380 effect sizes. Mean effects were calculated using a three-level meta-analysis to handle dependencies of multiple effect sizes in one study.
Results
Sufficient feedback through the interface, clear visibility of affordances, and adaptability and autonomy of the controller significantly affect successful HRI, whereas appearance does not. The features of the interface and controller affect performance and satisfaction but do not affect situation awareness and trust. Specific effects of adaptability on cooperation and acceptance, as well as autonomy on mental workload, could be shown.
Conclusion
Robot design at work needs to cover multiple features of interface and controller to achieve successful HRI that covers not only performance and satisfaction, but also cooperation, acceptance, and mental workload. More empirical research is needed to investigate mediating mechanisms and underrepresented design features’ effects.
Application
Robot designers should carefully choose design features to balance specific effects and implementation costs with regard to tasks, work design aims, and employee needs in the specific work context.
We connected theory and research on narrative persuasion to the literature on social robots and examined the effects of a robotic storyteller's facial expressions. The congruency between the ...emotional arc of a story and the facial expressions of the robot was of particular interest. In a lab experiment, participants were confronted with a storytelling robot who displayed emotions that were congruent or incongruent with the events unfolding in the story or it displayed no emotions. Affect congruency increased participants' transportation in the story world, led to more positive evaluations of the robot, and increased the likelihood of choosing a product that was advertised in the story. Although the robot's voice was held constant in all three conditions, congruent facial expressions led to the illusion of a more congruent intonation by the robot.
•A robotic storyteller's facial expressions were manipulated.•Story-congruent expressions were compared to story-incongruent or no expressions.•Congruent expressions yielded more transportation and story-consistent behavior.•An illusory intonation effect was observed.
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