Institutional ethnography (IE) is used to examine transformations in a professional nurse's work associated with her engagement with a hospital's electronic health record (EHR) which is being updated ...to integrate professional caregiving and produce more efficient and effective health care. We review in the technical and scholarly literature the practices and promises of information technology and, especially of its applications in health care, finding useful the more critical and analytic perspectives. Among the latter, scholarship on the activities of economising is important to our inquiry into the actual activities that transform ‘things’ (in our case, nursing knowledge and action) into calculable information for objective and financially relevant decision‐making. Beginning with an excerpt of observational data, we explicate observed nurse‐patient interactions, discovering in them traces of institutional ruling relations that the nurse's activation of the EHR carries into the nursing setting. The EHR, we argue, materialises and generalises the ruling relations across institutionally located caregivers; its authorised information stabilises their knowing and acting, shaping health care towards a calculated effective and efficient form. Participating in the EHR's ruling practices, nurses adopt its ruling standpoint; a transformation that we conclude needs more careful analysis and debate.
The question of voice is a central and timeless political issue. Who gets to speak? Who is silenced? Who is listening? One of the main arenas for voice in modern, advanced democracies is the media. ...Media infrastructures, technologies, institutions and organizations are a precondition for political voice in large-scale societies, but are also an important factor in distributing the possibilities for voice among different groups and sectors of the population. In this article, we take on the question of voice in relation to social class and aim to analyse how the medium of television gives voice to people from different social classes. This study operationalizes the theoretical notion of voice by asking the following questions: who has the opportunity to appear and speak on television, to whom do they speak and under what circumstances does this communication occur? Based on a content analysis of television in Sweden, the results from this study show that voice is distributed in a highly unequal manner. It also shows that the relations enacted by television appearances conform to the social hierarchy. Whereas people from the ruling class frequently speak to people from the working and middle classes, they are rarely spoken to by members of a class that is positioned below their own. Television thus constructs a social hierarchy of voice and authority that reproduces and legitimizes already existing social hierarchies.
This study examines changes in the U.S. class structure under neoliberalism. Applying a Marxian analytic framework to U.S. Census data from 1970 to 2010, we find that the professional middle class ...grew to 32% of the workforce and experienced steady earnings growth. The working class declined in size and earnings, the petty bourgeoisie remained stable but lost income, whereas the ruling class advanced significantly on both fronts. This overall pattern was more pronounced for whites, Asians, and women than for blacks, Hispanics, and men, confirming some but upending other expectations about the social ramifications of neoliberal policy.
El artículo presenta los resultados de investigación orientados a caracterizar las representaciones sociales sobre derechos humanos y cultura política en 12 organizaciones sociales de base en Ciudad ...Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia. Las trayectorias constitutivas de las organizaciones sociales confluyen con las movilizaciones orientadas a la reivindicación y exigencia de los derechos en la historia social de las periferias latinoamericanas, mostrando su encadenamiento entre estas, la acción colectiva y la construcción de la subjetividad política. Sobre ellas se instauran conocimientos, valores y actitudes, los cuales inciden en la red de representaciones que hacen posible la organización y comprensión del mundo social. Se recurre a una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque interpretativo propio de las ciencias sociales, a partir del modelo de análisis procesual y mediante el uso de fichas de caracterización, grupos focales y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados permiten afirmar que el núcleo figurativo de la representación gira alrededor de la tríada: vida, territorio y participación. Su circulación incrementa los objetos de apropiación social sobre los derechos humanos, al favorecer procesos sociales y culturales que amplían su margen comprensivo, mediante la instauración de pautas cognitivas, afectivas y valorativas de orientación hacia el sistema político, donde irrumpen praxis instituyentes que dislocan el orden social establecido.
Judicial Europeanization, particularly European case law and the Rüffert ruling, has created significant legal uncertainty in the use of labour clauses in public procurement, which may constrain ...national policymakers. However, national actors find ways to ‘push back’ against Europeanization in order to prioritize domestic policy goals. By analysing the long‐term political dynamic surrounding public procurement in Denmark, Germany and the UK since the implementation of the revised 2014 public procurement directive, we show how both national actors, and actors at subnational level, where much public procurement actually takes place, contest the Europeanization of public policies. Variation in the willingness and ability of actors to leverage the legal uncertainty to adopt labour clauses results in diverging policy trajectories, but also creates a room for policy innovation. This alters the ultimate outcome of the European regulatory agenda and results in a continued divergence of public policies across member states.
This article investigates Tunisia's southern "periphery within the periphery," drawing on original interviews to examine marginalization and center-periphery relations in the country since the 2011 ...revolution. Comparisons are drawn between the informal economy of cross-border smuggling
in Ben Guerdane and the jobless youth of Tataouine being left behind as corporate elites and companies become wealthy from the natural resources extracted from the area. This had led to an embrace of "unruly" protest politics, rebelling against the postrevolutionary political establishment.
A trend toward disillusionment with democracy might be on the horizon for the marginalized youth in the south, exacerbating regional cleavages and posing a potential crisis for Tunisia's democratization.
An appropriate transfer pricing policy and procedures help to reach a win-win situation between involved parties – taxpayers and tax administration authorities. The paper deals with one of the ...instruments that could help to reach such a desirable status – namely with the Advance Pricing Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “APA” only). The aim of the paper is to identify fundamental rules as stated for the APAs in the standards of the OECD and subsequently describe, assess and compare general rules for the APAs in the Czech and Polish domestic law. The research realized is based on a qualitative research; a case study was selected for its realization. A content analysis of a text was a technique used for the collection of relevant data and information. On the basis of results reached, one can observe that the Czech domestic legal regulation does not meet the criteria, unlike polish one, for the APAs as stated by the OECD. The legal regulation contained in the Czech domestic law is insufficient and in this respect the provisions contained in the Polish domestic law can be considered as a suitable and inspiring. Following this conclusion, authors present some de lege ferenda proposals for the Czech domestic law rising from the Polish domestic law.
This article deals with the impact of intra-party transformations and access to power on the visions of political participation of activists taking part in populist anti-establishment parties with a ...strong emphasis on digital participation, using the Five Star Movement (M5S) as a case study. Going beyond studies conceiving the M5S as a populist and digital party, we argue that activists support a democratic ideal based on a civic culture involving a demanding role for ordinary citizens, who should be highly interested in politics and involved locally on a day-to-day basis. A negative vision of the Italian citizen judged as incapable of playing this role accompanies this ideal. Our article also demonstrates how political involvement in the M5S transformed the visions of activists, making them warier of direct democracy and more disillusioned about their fellow citizens. The analysis relies on qualitative semi-directed interviews with former and current M5S activists with diversified socio-demographics, political and participation trajectories in two Italian regions. More broadly, our article shows that the effects of entering government and intra-party reforms reinforcing the leadership at the expense of local activists are particularly strong in anti-establishment parties and clash with the conceptions of participation supported by activists.
This article explores why national judges remain passive on EU legal integration by examining judges’ reasons for not requesting preliminary rulings from the European Court of Justice (ECJ). The ...article combines insights from social psychology and literature on the role of national courts in European integration to formulate expectations regarding what type of motives guide national judges’ behaviours. Drawing on interviews held with Croatian, Slovenian and Swedish judges, our results reveal three shared reasons judges remain passive: referrals are not required by the formal rules (procedural normative motivation), referrals are not made to protect the parties to the case (substantive normative motivation) and referrals are not made to protect judges’ reputations (instrumental motivation). In addition, we unveil motives that are shared by only judges from one or two Member States, such as not referring cases to uphold the capacity of the preliminary ruling procedure (Swedish judges) and not referring cases due to a fear of sanctions and a lack of knowledge and resources (Croatian and Slovenian judges). We discuss these similarities and divergences in light of the theoretical discussion on the role of courts as active or passive actors in EU legal integration.
Acest articol este dedicat analizei comparative a răspunderii judecătorului pentru pronunțarea cu bună știință a unei hotărâri contrare legii potrivit Codului penal al Republicii Moldova, al Ucrainei ...și al Federației Ruse. Cele mai multe deosebiri la infracțiunile examinate le regăsim la obiect și la latura obiectivă. Pe baza diferențelor evidențiate dintre reglementările examinate sunt propuse remanieri legislative pe plan național. JUDGE՚S CRIMINAL LIABILIY FOR KNOWINGLY PRONOUNCING ABOUT AN UNLAWFUL JUDGMENT: SOME ASPECTS OF COMPARATIVE LAWThis article is dedicated fto the comparative analysis of judge’s criminal liability for knowingly pronouncing about an unlawful judgment in Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and Russian Federation. Most differences in the investigated offences are found in the object and the objective side. Based on the revealed differences, legislative amendments at national level are proposed.
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